Wodya zamasamba aliyense kamodzi m'moyo wake, poyankha nkhani zake za kuopsa kwa chakudya cha nyama, anamva kuti: "Masamba alinso ndi nitrates ndi mitundu yonse ya mankhwala. What then is there?!” This is one of the meat-eaters’ favorite counterarguments. Zoonadi, ndi masamba ndi zipatso zotani zomwe mungadye? Ndipo "nkhani ya nitrate" ndi yoopsa bwanji pa thanzi lathu? Nitrates: omwe ali mabwenzi, omwe ndi achifwamba Nitrates ndi mchere wa nitric acid, ndi gawo la zakudya za zomera ndipo ndizofunikira kuti apange maselo ndikupanga chlorophyll. Kuchuluka kwa nitrate m'nthaka sikukhala ndi poizoni ku zomera; m'malo mwake, zimathandizira kukula kwawo, kupangika kwa photosynthesis ndi zokolola zambiri. Choncho, alimi angafune "kuwonjezera pang'ono" ndi feteleza. Kwa anthu ndi nyama, nitrates mu kuchuluka kwanthawi zonse sizowopsa, koma kumwa kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa poizoni komanso kupha. Kamodzi m'thupi, m'matumbo akuluakulu, mothandizidwa ndi microflora, nitrate imasandulika kukhala nitrites - imakhala poizoni kwa anthu. Nitrites amawononga hemoglobini: chitsulo chachitsulo chimapangidwa ndi okosijeni kukhala chitsulo chachitsulo ndipo methemoglobin imapezeka, yomwe simatha kunyamula mpweya kupita ku ziwalo ndi ziwalo - njala ya okosijeni imachitika. Malinga ndi miyezo ya World Health Organisation, kuloledwa kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa nitrate kwa munthu kuyenera kupitilira 5 mg pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa thupi, mwachitsanzo. e. kwa munthu wolemera makilogalamu 70 - osapitirira 350 mg patsiku. Ngati mutenga 600-650 mg wa nitrate panthawi imodzi, munthu wamkulu akhoza kukhala ndi poizoni. Kwa ana (ocheperako, odziwika kwambiri) kaphatikizidwe ka zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kubwezeretsa hemoglobini zimachepetsedwa, kotero kuti nitrate ndizowopsa kwambiri kwa makanda kuposa akulu. Mlingo wa mphamvu ya nitrates pa munthu zimadalira osati kuchuluka kwawo, komanso mmene thupi lonse. Mu thupi lathanzi, kusandulika kwa nitrates kukhala nitrites kumakhala pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi thupi lofooka. Mbali yaikulu ya izo imangotulutsidwa, ndipo ina imasinthidwa kukhala mankhwala othandiza. Njira yodzitetezera ku ma nitrate imaperekedwa mwachilengedwe, ndipo kagayidwe kabwinobwino kumatanthauzanso kupezeka kwa mcherewu. Pokhala chakudya cha zomera, nitrate nthawi zonse idzakhala gawo lawo lofunikira (kupanda kutero sipadzakhala zomera zokha). Koma anthu ayenera kusamala ndi mchere wa nitric acid ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, achepetse kumwa kwawo. Momwe mungadzitetezere ku nitrates Inde, chophweka njira kunena kuti muyenera kudya kutsimikiziridwa masamba, pamodzi kutsimikiziridwa minda, kutsimikiziridwa anthu. Kapena langizani kupeza mita ya nitrate kapena tester ya nitrate (ngati mukudziwa chilichonse chokhudza magwiridwe antchito a zida zotere, chonde lembani ndemanga ku nkhaniyi) Koma zenizeni za moyo ndi izi: mukuyimirira kutsogolo kwa kauntala ndi masamba okongola / zipatso, ndi zonse zomwe mungathe kuti mudziwe, zalembedwa pamtengo wamtengo wapatali - mtengo ndi dziko la kukula ... Nawa malangizo othandiza: Dziwani mtundu wa "chipatso" ichi. Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba, zomwe zili mu nitrate panthawi yokolola zimasiyana kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zomera zonse kudziunjikira nitric asidi salt m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, nyemba zobiriwira zimakhala ndi nitrate zambiri kuposa zachikasu. Sankhani zakupsa. Ngati n'kotheka, kuchotsa oyambirira mitundu, mwana zomera, ndi wowonjezera kutentha masamba, amene amakhala ndi mkulu Mlingo wa nitrates, ku zakudya. Komabe, masamba okhwima kwambiri sayenera kuloledwa. Mwachitsanzo, muzu wokulirapo wa beets ndi zukini ulinso ndi kuchuluka kwa nitrates. Mu kaloti, mizu yabwino kwambiri idadziwika ndi kulemera kwa 100-200 g. Kukoma ndi mtundu. Mitundu yamitundu yowala kwambiri ya mizu (makamaka kaloti) imakhala ndi ma nitrate ocheperako kuposa otumbululuka. Koma osati maonekedwe okha ndi ofunika. Ngati masamba ali ndi kukoma kosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe, sizimasangalatsa kutafuna - izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wa nitric acid. Zatsopano zokha! Saladi ndi timadziti ta zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kudyedwa mwatsopano. Ngakhale kusungidwa kwakanthawi kochepa mufiriji kumabweretsa kuchulukitsa kwa microflora, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga zinthu zowopsa kwa anthu. Pewani zoteteza. Kupatula pazakudya zamzitini (ndipo nthawi yomweyo soseji ndi nyama zosuta), zomwe zimakonzedwa ndikuwonjezera nitrates ndi nitrites. Popanga nyama ndi soseji, amawonjezedwa osati kungoletsa ntchito ya mabakiteriya a pathogenic, komanso kupatsa nyama zokhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyera. Pafupifupi 20% ya ma nitrate onse amalowa m'thupi la munthu ndi madzi. Madzi otentha omwe ali ndi nitrates samachepetsa, koma amawonjezera kawopsedwe. Kupha poizoni ndi madzi oterowo ndikoopsa kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a poizoni m'magazi kumawonjezeka. Momwe mungachepetsere nitrate mumasamba (omwe muli nawo kale kukhitchini yanu) Ngakhale mutataya kuzungulira koyamba polimbana ndi nitrate ndikugula nkhumba mu poke, zonse sizitayika. Mothandizidwa ndi mpeni, poto ndi zida zina zothandiza, mutha kukonza vutoli ndikuchotsa mchere wambiri wa nayitrogeni. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana: pophika, kuwotcha, salting, fermenting ndi peeling masamba, mlingo wa nitrate umachepetsedwa kwambiri. Koma si njira zonse zomwe zimagwira ntchito mofanana, kuphatikizapo kusunga zinthu zothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muviika mbatata yosenda kwa tsiku limodzi mumchere wothira mchere, ndiye kuti sipadzakhalanso ma nitrate, komanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali. Fermentation, kumalongeza, salting, pickling ndi apadera chifukwa masiku 3-4 oyambirira pamakhala njira yowonjezera yosinthira nitrate kukhala nitrites, choncho ndibwino kuti musadye kabichi watsopano, nkhaka ndi masamba ena kale kuposa masiku 10-15. . Ndi nthawi yayitali (kwa maola 2) masamba amasamba akuwukha, 15-20% ya nitrate imatsukidwa. Kuchepetsa zili nitrates muzu mbewu ndi kabichi ndi 25-30%, ndi zokwanira kuwagwira m'madzi kwa ola limodzi, pambuyo kudula iwo mu tiziduswa tating'ono ting'ono. Pophika, mbatata imataya mpaka 80%, kaloti, kabichi, rutabaga - mpaka 70%, beets - mpaka 40% ya nitrate, koma zakudya zina ndi mavitamini zimawonongeka. Njira zonsezi zili ndi vuto limodzi lalikulu - kuchuluka kwa nitrates kumakhazikika m'maselo ndipo sikuchotsedwa mwanjira zotere. Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndiyo kuyeretsa masamba bwino. Nitrates amagawidwa mosiyanasiyana mu zomera. Zipatso zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, choncho zipatso ndi mbewu zimaonedwa kuti ndizotetezeka kwambiri kudya. M`pofunika kuchotsa malo ndende ya nayitrogeni mchere, makamaka kudya masamba atsopano: peel, mapesi, mitima ya mizu mbewu, petioles, malo kusintha kwa mizu mbewu mu mizu, phesi. Izi zimachepetsa "nitrate" ya masamba kawiri kapena katatu. The Encyclopedia of Safety kwa masamba aliwonse amalangiza njira yake yoyeretsera: BEET. Beetroot imatengedwa ngati mfumukazi pakati pa ndiwo zamasamba, koma idapatsidwanso mutu wa ngwazi pakudzikundikira kwa nitrates. Ena mwa oimira ake amatha kukhala ndi 4000 mg / kg. Nitrates mu beets amagawidwa mosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Ngati zomwe zili mkatikati mwa mtanda wa mizu zimatengedwa ngati 1 unit, ndiye kuti m'munsi (pafupi ndi mchira) padzakhala mayunitsi 4, ndipo kumtunda (pafupi ndi masamba) - magawo 8. Choncho, ndi bwino kudula pamwamba ndi pafupifupi kotala ndipo mchira - ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi atatu a mizu. Mwanjira iyi, beets amamasulidwa ku magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a nitrate. ZOKHUDZA. Mu letesi, sipinachi, parsley, katsabola ndi masamba ena, nitrate nthawi zina amakhala apamwamba kuposa beets. Kuphatikiza apo, muzomera zochokera pabedi lopanda feteleza, mchere umakhala wocheperako, koma mwazomwe zimabzalidwa pazakudya kapena pa dothi lodyetsedwa bwino, kuchuluka kwa nitrate kumatha kufika 4000-5000 mg / kg. Kuchuluka kwa mchere m'madera osiyanasiyana a zomera ndizosiyana - pali zambiri muzitsulo ndi ma petioles a masamba. Kumbali ina, zitsamba zatsopano zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri omwe amalepheretsa kutembenuka kwa nitrates kukhala nitrites. Kuchuluka kwa ascorbic acid (vitamini C) kumathandizira "kusautsa" nitrates, kotero ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zitsamba zatsopano pazamasamba zamasamba. Koma musaiwale kuti mchikakamizo cha tizilombo ndi mpweya, nitrate mofulumira kwambiri kusanduka nitrites. Zamasamba zimadulidwa bwino musanatumikire. KABICHI. Mu kabichi woyera, nitrates "anasankha" masamba apamwamba (magawo atatu kapena anayi). Muli mchere wa nayitrogeni wowirikiza kawiri mmenemo ndi pachitsa kuposa chapakati pa mutu. Panthawi yosungira, kabichi yatsopano imakhalabe ndi nitrate mpaka February, koma mu March, ndende ya mchere imatsika pafupifupi katatu. Mu sauerkraut, masiku oyambirira a 3-4 pali kusintha kwachangu kwa nitrate kukhala nitrites. Choncho, ndi bwino kudya mopepuka mchere kabichi osati kale kuposa sabata. M'tsogolomu, ambiri mwa nitrates amapita mu brine - komanso theka la zinthu zonse zamtengo wapatali. Kolifulawa nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nitrates kuposa kabichi yoyera ndipo imatenthedwa bwino. RADISHI. Nthawi zina radishes imakhala ndi 2500 mg/kg ya nitrate. Kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 500 mg/kg kumatha kuonedwa kuti ndikwabwino (kwa mitundu yoyambirira). Mu "mitundu yozungulira" ya radish, mchere wa nayitrogeni ndi wocheperako kuposa "otalika". Mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrate mu radishes ndi theka podula nsonga ndi michira ndi 1/8. MBATATA. Ndi kusungidwa bwino, zomwe zili mu nitrate mu mbatata zimatsika kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa Marichi - pafupifupi kanayi. Mpaka February, ndende akadali pafupifupi osasintha. Mchere wambiri mu tuber umakhazikika pafupi ndi pakati (ndipo zinthu zamtengo wapatali zili pafupi ndi peel!), Koma kusiyana kwake ndi kochepa. Chifukwa chake, ndizopanda pake kuyipukuta, kuwonjezera apo, mavitamini ndi michere yomwe ili pansi pa peel imachepetsa kutembenuka kwa nitrate kukhala nitrites. Njira yabwino yophikira mbatata yokhala ndi nitrate wambiri imatenthedwa, "mu yunifolomu": ma tubers ang'onoang'ono amayikidwa athunthu, akulu amadulidwa magawo 2, 4 kapena 6, pomwe mpaka 60-70% ya nitrate amachotsedwa. Pakuphika kwanthawi zonse, mpaka 40% imachotsedwa, ngati yokazinga - pafupifupi 15%. Ndi bwino kuthira madzi otsala mutatha kuphika mbatata. KAROTI. Kaloti, makamaka oyambirira, amatha kudziunjikira mpaka 1000 mg/kg ya nitrate. Palinso ambiri a iwo pamwamba, pafupi ndi masamba, komanso mumchira wokha. Iwo anaonanso kuti osachepera kuchuluka kwa nitrates amapezeka sing'anga-kakulidwe kaloti. Komabe, osati kaloti, koma masamba onse - beets, turnips, zukini, etc. ndi bwino kutenga saizi yapakati. Mu kaloti akanadulidwa (monga amadyera, beets, etc.), nitrate mwamsanga kusanduka nitrites. Mu saladi, njirazi zimakulitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa kirimu wowawasa kapena mayonesi (mayonesi yekha ndi poizoni!), Zomwe zimathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mafuta a mpendadzuwa amalepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya. ZUCCHINI They may contain up to 700 mg/kg of nitrates. Ambiri a iwo ali mu kagawo kakang'ono pansi pa khungu komanso pafupi ndi mchira. Ndi bwino kuchotsa mchira ndi kuchotsa peel mu wandiweyani wosanjikiza. Zukini, makamaka okhwima, nthawi zambiri amawiritsidwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrate kupitilira kawiri. Ikhoza kutenthedwa mu cooker pressure. Nkhaka. Nthawi zovuta, ngakhale nkhaka zimatha kudziunjikira mpaka 600 mg/kg ya nitrate. Pali kangapo zambiri za iwo pansi pa peel kuposa pakati. Ndipo ngati peel ndi yowawa, yosasangalatsa, iyenera kudulidwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kudula gawo losasangalatsa kwambiri pafupi ndi mchira. *** Zachidziwikire, malangizowa ndi dontho chabe m'nyanja yazidziwitso zofunikira kuti mukhale ndi thanzi. Koma tsopano funso la odya nyama lokhudza nitrates lingayankhe bwino lomwe: “Kodi mukuwopa ma nitrate?
2022-11-11