Zamkatimu
Zothandiza zokhudza nsomba
Salmoni, kapena nsomba ya Atlantic, imayimira dongosolo la salimoni, mtundu wa salimoni weniweni. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu ya anadromous ndi lacustrine (madzi ozizira) amtunduwu amasiyanitsidwa. Nsomba zazikulu zolusa, kutalika kwake komwe kumatha kufika 1,5 m, ndi kulemera - pafupifupi 40 kg. Amakhala zaka 13, koma nsomba yodziwika kwambiri ndi zaka 5-6. Nsomba za m'nyanja zimatha kufika masentimita 60 m'litali ndi kulemera kwa 10-12 kg. Nsomba imeneyi imakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 10. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha nsomba ndi mawanga pa thupi mu mawonekedwe a chilembo X. Nthawi yabwino ya nsomba za nsomba mumtsinje ndi nthawi ya kulowa kwake kwakukulu. Nsomba zimalowa m’mitsinje mosagwirizana. Kwa mitsinje yosiyana, pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo malo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi gulu la nsomba zomwe zimakhala kutali ndi pakamwa, ndi zina. N'zotheka kutchula nsomba zingapo zomwe zimalowa m'mitsinje: masika, chilimwe ndi autumn, koma magawanowa ndi okhazikika ndipo alibe nthawi yeniyeni. Zonsezi zimadalira kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe ndipo zimatha kusiyana chaka ndi chaka. Mauthenga olondola okhudza kalowedwe ka nsomba munyengo inayake atha kuperekedwa ndi asodzi amderali kapena eni madera omwe ali ndi ziphatso.
Njira zopha nsomba
Salmoni imagwidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zophera nsomba, m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja. M'masiku akale ku Rus, nsomba za salimoni zinkagwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mikwingwirima, maukonde okhazikika, ndi mipanda. Koma masiku ano, zida zamtundu uwu zausodzi, monga masitima apamtunda, zinyalala, zigwa, zimatengedwa ngati zida zopha nsomba ndipo ndizoletsedwa kusodza amateur. Musanapite kukawedza nsomba, muyenera kudziwa malamulo opha nsomba iyi, ndi zida zotani, m'dera linalake, zomwe zimaloledwa kusodza. Malamulowo akhoza kutsimikiziridwa osati ndi malamulo a dera, komanso zimadalira mwiniwake wa malo osungiramo zinthu. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa nyambo. Masiku ano, m'madambo ena, kuwonjezera pa nyambo zopangira, amaloledwa kuwedza ndi mbedza ndi kubzalanso nyambo zachilengedwe: izi zimapangitsa kuti zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito zichuluke. Koma ulendo usanachitike, ma nuances onse ayenera kumveka bwino. Mitundu ikuluikulu ya nsomba zosangalatsa zomwe zimaloledwa ndi nsomba zopota ndi ntchentche. Trolling amaloledwa pamadzi ena. Kuonjezera apo, mosasamala kanthu za njira yophera nsomba, ma RPU ambiri amalola kusodza pokhapokha ndi kumasulidwa.
Kuzungulira nsomba za salmon
Posankha kulimbana, tcherani khutu ku kudalirika kwake, chifukwa nthawi zonse pali mwayi wogwira nsomba zazikulu. M'mitsinje yapakatikati ndi yayikulu, kugwira nsomba yolemera makilogalamu 10 sikuwoneka ngati chinthu chosangalatsa, choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo yolimba. Ngati mukusaka nsomba zazikulu pogwiritsa ntchito nyambo zolemera, tengani ma reel ochulukitsa okhala ndi mizere 100 m kapena kupitilira apo. Kusankhidwa kwa zida kumadalira zomwe msodzi amakumana nazo komanso posungira, komanso kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zimabala nsomba. Musanayambe ulendo, onetsetsani kuti mufunse za biology ya nsomba ya Atlantic, nthawi ndi ng'ombe ziti zomwe zimalowa mumtsinje. Ma spinner amakwanira mosiyanasiyana komanso mozungulira kapena oscillating. Ngati mukufuna, mungagwiritse ntchito wobblers. Kupha nsomba za salimoni ndi ndodo yopota pogwiritsa ntchito ntchentche za salimoni sikudziwikanso. Poponya nyambo zowunikira, mabomba akuluakulu (sbirulino) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa usodzi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, m'madzi akuluakulu ndi ozizira, mabomba omira ndi ntchentche zazikulu zotumizidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kupha nsomba za salimoni
Posankha ndodo yopha nsomba za salimoni, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira. Ponena za kusankha kwa ndodo imodzi kapena ziwiri, zonse zimadalira, choyamba, pazokonda zaumwini, zomwe zimachitikira msodzi, komanso kukula kwa nkhokwe ndi nyengo ya nsomba. Pamitsinje yapakati ndi ikuluikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo za dzanja limodzi mwachiwonekere kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa msodzi wa ntchentche. Kusodza ndi ndodo zoterezi kumakhala kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndipo motero kumakhala kosavuta, kupatula ngati sitima zapamadzi zimaloledwa pamitsinje ina ikuluikulu. Madzi ambiri, popha nsomba kuchokera kumphepete mwa nyanja, akuwonetsa kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito ndodo zazitali, kuphatikizapo ndodo za manja awiri mpaka 5 m kutalika. Makamaka ngati nsomba zili m'madzi okwera komanso ozizira, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, komanso ngati kusefukira kwa madzi m'chilimwe. Pali zifukwa zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito ndodo zazitali. Zinthu monga kuwonjezera kutalika kwa kuponyedwa m'madera ovuta kwambiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja zingathandizenso, koma chinthu chachikulu ndikuwongolera nyambo mumtsinje wamphamvu wa madzi a masika. Musaiwale kuti ntchentche zolemera komanso zazikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusankha kalasi ya manja awiri, amachoka pa mfundo yakuti ndodo pamwamba pa kalasi ya 9 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi a masika poponya nyambo za masika, zomwe kulemera kwake, nthawi zina, kumapitirira makumi angapo magalamu. Pamene chilimwe chatsika, madzi amatenthedwa ndipo nsomba zimaluma kwambiri pamwamba pa madzi. Ndipamene asodzi ambiri amasinthira ku ndodo zamagulu opepuka. Pakusodza kochulukira, asodzi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makalasi a 5-6, komanso masiwichi, omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi ndodo zaukazitape ndikupanga chidwi chowonjezera posewera. Kwa oyamba kumene ndi asodzi a ntchentche za salimoni, monga ndodo yoyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula ndodo ya manja awiri, komabe, ya kalasi ya 9. Nthawi zambiri kalasi ya anthu awiri amakono adzafotokozedwa, mwachitsanzo, monga 8-9-10, yomwe imalankhula za kusinthasintha kwawo. Kusankhidwa kwa koyilo kumatsikira kudalirika komanso kuthekera kwakukulu. Kusankhidwa kwa kalasi ya ndodo za dzanja limodzi kumadalira, choyamba, pazochitika zaumwini ndi zikhumbo. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ngakhale ndi nsomba zachilimwe zapakatikati, oyamba kumene amatha kukhala ndi vuto pakusewera nsomba zamphamvu. Choncho, sikoyenera, paulendo woyamba wopha nsomba, kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo pansi pa giredi 8. Pamitsinje kumene kuli kotheka kugwira zitsanzo zazikulu, kuchirikiza kwautali ndikofunikira. Kusankhidwa kwa mzere kumadalira nyengo ya usodzi ndi zomwe woweta amakonda, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pakuwedza m'chilimwe chotsika, madzi ofunda, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yayitali, "yosakhwima".
Salmon trolling
Ma Troller nthawi zambiri amayang'ana nsomba m'magawo a mitsinje, m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso nsomba zokhala m'nyanja. Nthawi zambiri nsomba ya salimoni imapezeka kuseri kwa malo okhala pansi pa madzi. Mwa kutsatira mafunde a m’nyanja, nsomba za salimoni zimakhalabe m’ndege zake. Mwachitsanzo, salmon, yomwe imakhala ku Gulf of Finland, imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Kugwira chimphona cha 10 kg ndikopambana kwambiri, kotero sipafunika ndodo zopota zam'madzi. Koma ndodo zolimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma reel amphamvu ochulukirachulukira komanso masheya asodzi otalika 150-200 m. Ziphuphu zazikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo. Kutalika kwawo sikuchepera 18-20 cm (pakuya kwakukulu - kuchokera 25 cm). Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma tee atatu. Miyala yolemetsa yosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Odziwika kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotchera ndi omwe amatchedwa "huskies". Mawuwa amatanthauza onse akale a Rapalovskie wobblers, ndi zinthu zamtundu womwewo kuchokera kwa opanga ena, komanso zopangidwa kunyumba.
Lembani
Kusankha ntchentche kuti zigwire nsomba za Atlantic ndizosiyana kwambiri komanso zosiyana. Pamlingo waukulu zimadalira nyengo. Ndikoyenera kuchoka pa mfundoyi: madzi ozizira - nyambo zolemera; ngati madzi ndi ofunda, ndipo nsomba ikukwera pamwamba pa madzi, ntchentchezo zimakhala pa zonyamulira zowala ndi mbedza, mpaka pamwamba, zikuyenda. Kukula ndi mtundu wa nyambo zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtsinje ndi dera. Nthawi zonse ndi bwino kufunsa asodzi odziwa zambiri pasadakhale nyambo zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi inayake. Mukawedza pazitsulo zophera nsomba, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zoperekedwa ndi otsogolera. Salmoni imatha kusintha zomwe amakonda masana, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza ndi nyambo zochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, madera akumpoto amakhala ndi nyengo yosakhazikika. Kuchuluka kwa mvula kumatha kusintha kwambiri kutentha kwa madzi a mtsinje ndi mlingo wake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mikhalidwe ya usodzi idzasinthanso. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale pakati pa chilimwe, sikudzakhala kofunikira kukhala ndi ntchentche zozama zomira ndi mphukira.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Mitundu ya salimoni ya kumpoto kwa nyanja ya Atlantic imakhala yaikulu kwambiri: kuchokera ku gombe la North America kupita ku Greenland, Iceland ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya North, Barents ndi Baltic Seas. Mu Russia, amalowa mitsinje ya nyanja dzina lake, komanso Nyanja Yoyera, ndi kufika kum'mawa, Kara Mtsinje (Ural). M'nyanja zazikulu (Imandra, Kuito, Ladoga, Onega, Kamennoe, etc.) pali mitundu ya nsomba zamadzimadzi. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba za salimoni zimagwidwa mumadzi othamanga, m'madzi, m'malo osaya, pansi pa mathithi. Kuchokera m'ngalawa, amasodza nangula pakati pa mtsinje, kapena mothandizidwa ndi wopalasa atanyamula chombo chamadzi, panjira, panthawi ina. Pakati pa chilimwe, nthawi zambiri, kusodza kumachitika pamwamba pa madzi. Pokhapokha ngati mphamvu ikutsika ndi pamene nsomba zimayandikira pansi. Mumtsinje, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi zopinga kapena pomwe madzi amacheperako pang'ono. Malo okondedwa kwambiri ndi malo omwe ma jeti awiri amalumikizana kukhala imodzi pakati pa maenje akulu oyandikana nawo. Kugwira nsomba m'mitsinje yaing'ono ndikosavuta kwambiri, chifukwa mkati mwake imakhala pamalo amodzi nthawi yayitali.
Kuswana
Salmoni imamera kumtunda kwa mitsinje kuyambira October mpaka December. Kubwerera kumtsinje wamba (homing) kumatukuka kwambiri. Pali zoweta za "nyengo yachisanu ndi masika". Amuna amakhwima msanga kwambiri kuposa akazi, ndipo m’madera ena, pakangotha chaka chimodzi atanyamuka kupita kunyanja, amabwerera kukaswana. Nthawi zambiri, kukhwima kwa nsomba kumachitika zaka 1-4. Choyamba mu kasupe ndi kotsiriza mu autumn (ngakhale, ichi ndi wachibale, nsomba amalowa mitsinje ikuluikulu pansi pa ayezi), akazi amapita ku mitsinje. Ambiri, amuna amayamba kupita kumtsinje ndi madzi ofunda. Kukula kwa nsombazo kumasiyana kwambiri ndi dera komanso malo osungiramo madzi. Salmoni yomwe imabwera m'dzinja idzabala chaka chamawa. Isanalowe mumtsinje, nsombazo zimasintha kwakanthawi m'dera la mathithi ndikusintha kwa mchere wamadzi. Akalowa m'madzi abwino, amasintha kagayidwe ka morphological m'matumbo ndikusiya kudya. Nsomba zachisanu zimakhala zonenepa kwambiri, sizingadye pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. M'madzi atsopano, nsomba zimasinthanso kunja ("kutayika"). Azimayi amakonda kukonza zisa m'nthaka ya miyala. Kubereka kwa nsomba ndi mazira 22 zikwi. Pambuyo pa kuswana, nsomba zingapo zimafa (makamaka amuna), zazikazi zimabala, pafupifupi, 5-8 pa moyo wawo wonse. Pambuyo pa kugwa, ndipo atataya kulemera kwakukulu, nsombazo zimayamba kugweranso m'nyanja, kumene pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kuoneka ngati nsomba wamba ". Mphutsi zimaswa masika. Chakudya - zooplankton, benthos, tizilombo touluka, nsomba zachinyamata. Kugudubuzika m'nyanja madzi oundana atasefukira m'nyengo yamasika. Usodzi wa salimoni wa ku Atlantic ku Russia uli ndi chilolezo, ndipo nyengo yausodzi imayendetsedwa ndi "malamulo osodza osangalatsa". Madeti akhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi dera komanso nyengo.