Azitona

Pali nthano zingapo za azitona zakuda ndi zobiriwira.

• BODZA 1. Zipatso zakuda ndi zobiriwira ndi zipatso za mitengo ya azitona yofanana koma yosiyanasiyana.
• NTHAWI YOYAMBA 2. Azitona zakuda ndi zobiriwira ndi zipatso za mtengo womwewo koma zimapsa mosiyanasiyana. Anthu amaona zosapsa kukhala zobiriwira, zakuda - zakupsa.

Ndiyenera kunena kuti pali okonda nthano yachiwiri, ndipo ili pafupi kwambiri ndi zenizeni. Koma iyi ndi nthano. Ndizowona kokha m'gawo loyambirira: maolivi akuda ndi obiriwira ndi zipatso za azitona - azitona zaku Europe (Olea Europea), kapena, monga momwe amatchulidwira, chikhalidwe. Koma ngati mutagula mtsuko wakuda ndikuganiza kuti awa ndi kucha, mwina mumalakwitsa pafupifupi pafupifupi XNUMX% ya milandu, anthu awa amapangidwa ndi azitona zobiriwira.

Inde, izi ndizodabwitsa zaukadaulo wazakudya. Mpaka posachedwa, dziko silinadziwe kuti zinthu zoterezi zilipo, zinapangidwa mwa njira ya agogo akale, ndipo zobiriwira zinali zobiriwira, ndipo zakuda zinali zakuda. Koma pamene opanga adaganiza zopanga zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi, akatswiri opanga zakudya adasintha njira yawo yopangira. Zotsatira zake, anayamba kuzipanga mofulumira komanso pamtengo wotsika. Chifukwa chiyani? Zambiri pa izi pambuyo pake.

Azitona zobiriwira zobiriwira

Izi siziyenera kuonedwa ngati zazing'ono. Mtundu wawo umakhala wobiriwira wachikaso mpaka udzu, ndipo mkati mwake ndi yoyera. Maolivi okha ndi olimba; ali ndi mafuta ochepa. Anthu amatha kuzisunga motalikirapo ndikuzikonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala komanso zamakono.

Zipatso zomwe zikuyamba kusintha mtundu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira. Mnofu wawo ndi woyera, koma "zipatso" zomwezo sizolinso zolimba. Anthu amaigwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakale komanso zatsopano, pogwiritsa ntchito soda.

Mwachilengedwe wakuda kucha

Maolivi mwachibadwa amadetsedwa pamtengo. Iwo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso apamwamba; ndi bwino kuwasonkhanitsa pamanja ndi nyengo yozizira isanayambe. Zimakhala zoipitsitsa posungira, zowonongeka mosavuta. Mnofu wa chipatsocho wada kale. Ndi bwino kuwakonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe - popanda mankhwala. Mutha kupanga zinthu mumayendedwe achi Greek poziwumitsa.

Chemistry m'moyo

Kodi mudayamba mwadabwapo kuti bwanji anthu sagulitsa azitona zatsopano? Kodi sangathe kubweretsa ku USA? Chifukwa chiyani nthochi zimatha kubwera kuchokera kudziko lina, koma maolivi sangabwere? Mfundoyi ndi yosiyana: zipatso zatsopano sizingadyeke; ali ndi zinthu zowawa kwambiri komanso zothandiza, oleuropein. Kuti achotse, nthawi zambiri anthu amaviika m'madzi amchere, nthawi zambiri m'madzi a m'nyanja, ndipo amawira kwa miyezi ingapo. Njira yochotsera kuwawa kwachilengedwe idatenga miyezi 3-6 kwa akuda ndi miyezi 6 pachaka kwa zobiriwira.

Opanga chakudya chamakono amakono sangapange chinthu chokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yopanga - amafunikira chilichonse kuti chichitike mwachangu ndikusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Asayansi azakudya adazindikira momwe angakwaniritsire nthawi ino kwa masiku angapo. Pofuna kutsuka mkwiyo mwachangu, adayamba kuwonjezera soda (caustic soda) ku brine. Chifukwa cha "kuwukira kwamankhwala" uku, makina opanga adachepa mpaka masiku angapo.

"Akatswiri" awa aukadaulo wazakudya aphunzira kupanga mabulosi obiriwira akuda. Ngati oxygen ikudutsabe mumtsinje ndi zobiriwira, maolivi amasandulika akuda ndikuwoneka ngati akuda akuda, omwe mwamwambo amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Njira zamagetsi

Kawirikawiri, pafupifupi azitona zonse zobiriwira pamashelefu athu m'masitolo amapangidwa ndi njira yofulumira yamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito alkali. Izi ndizomvetsa chisoni chifukwa zipatso, zoyera kapena zobiriwira, zopangidwa mwachizolowezi, ndi zinthu zofufumitsa - monga sauerkraut yathu. Mwachilengedwe, iwo ndi abwino kwambiri komanso othandiza kwambiri kuposa opukutidwa. Amakhala ndi kukoma kokongola; ndi juicier, zamkati zawo sizimawoneka ngati siponji youma yoviikidwa mu brine, ngati zovunditsidwa. Ndipo potsiriza, amakhala ndi thanzi labwino - amakhalabe ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito zomwe azitona zimatchuka kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi phindu pa thanzi.

Mafunso ofunikira

Ndikuganiza kuti wokonda azitona aliyense tsopano ali ndi mafunso awiri ofunikira. Choyamba, kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji zakuda ndi azitona zakuda mukamagula? Ndipo chachiwiri: momwe mungasiyanitsire maolivi omwe adadumphaduka ndi omwe amapangidwa mwamwambo - opanda mankhwala?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi funso lachiwiri; yankho kwa ilo likuwoneka lophweka. Kuti muwonjezere caustic soda, iyenera kupezeka pamakalatawo. Zomveka, koma zolakwika. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zobiriwira izi ndi "azitona zotsekedwa", madzi, mchere, acidity regulator lactic acid, antioxidant citric acid. Ndipo palibe zowonjezera zowonjezera E524 (caustic soda), kapena, sodium hydroxide. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani chinthuchi sichikupezeka pomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga? Lye amalowa mofulumira mumitengo ya azitona, ndikupha kuwawa, koma kenako amachapidwa, ndipo sizitchulidwapo. Izi ndizololedwa mwalamulo.

Siyanitsani maolivi

Tsoka ilo, dongosolo lomwe likupezeka pakadali pano silimatithandiza kusiyanitsa maolivi othamanga ngati awa ndi azitona zachikhalidwe. Njira yodziwira kuti ndikugula azitona kuchokera kwa wopanga yemwe akuwonetsa njira yopangira azitona. Koma izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri, ngakhale opanga adazipanga momwe agogo akalewo. Chifukwa chake, titha kusiyanitsa ndi zizindikiritso zosakhala mwachindunji.

• Lamulo 1. Maolivi othamanga nthawi zambiri amakhala otchipa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala mzitini zachitsulo (mwatsoka, pamakhala zosiyana ndi lamuloli).
• Lamulo 2. Zakuda zakuda ndizosiyana ndi okhwima, ndipo mutha kuwawona osatsegula chitini. Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi gluconate yachitsulo (zowonjezera E 579) - iyi ndi mankhwala okonzera mtundu wakuda. Popanda izi, maolivi amatha. Izi ndi zakuda kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawala. Mtundu uwu si wachilengedwe.
• Lamulo 3. Zokhwima mwachilengedwe ndizofiyira, zofiirira, komanso zakuda mosiyanasiyana: mbiya yoyang'ana dzuwa ndiyowala komanso yakuda - imacha msanga ndikubisala mumthunzi - yopepuka.
• Lamulo 4. Maolivi achikhalidwe samangokhala akuda ndi obiriwira okha komanso amapinki, ofiira pang'ono, kapena abulauni. Izi ndi azitona zakucha kwapakati.
• Lamulo 5. Mtundu wina wachikhalidwe wopanda chemistry uli ndi dzina lachi Greek. Amawuma ndipo pamakhala makwinya. Nthawi zambiri sapatsidwa brine (monga onse omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa). Opanga akungowathira mzitini, nthawi zambiri ndikuwonjezera mafuta. Kukoma kwawo pang'ono owawa.

Azitona zakuda komanso zopangira

Ambiri mwa azitona akuda amapangidwa ku Spain; amatchedwa azitona wa ku Spain (ku United States, kalembedwe kameneka kamatchedwa ku California). Koma samalani: m'mayiko ena aku Mediterranean, anthu amapanganso zinthu zoterezi. Komabe, anthu akupangabe azitona pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe kumeneko. Mwamwayi, azitona zakuda zoterezi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa nthawi zonse ndi azitona zakuda zachilengedwe zopangidwa mwachizolowezi. Izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti malamulo a m’mayiko ena mwachizoloŵezi sakhala ochezeka kwa ogula ndipo samakakamiza opanga kuti aulule momwe amapangidwira. Kungoti nthawi zonse amakhala ndi "mawu ofunikira" omwe amakulolani kusiyanitsa azitona zachinyengo kuchokera ku zakuda zenizeni, zakupsa kumtundu wotere pamtengo. Ndipo mawu ofunika awa ndi iron gluconate kapena E579. Ndi mtundu wokhazikika womwe umalepheretsa azitona oxidized kuti asatembenukenso wobiriwira.

Izi zikuchokera mmenemo azitona: azitona, madzi, mchere, ferrous gluconate. Opanga nthawi zambiri amawonjezera lactic kapena citric acid, viniga, ndi zina zopangira acid ndikuziwonetsa momwe zimapangidwira. Opanga ku Mediterranean amatha kutcha mankhwalawa azitona, azitona zakuda, maolivi osankhidwa makamaka. Koma, ziribe kanthu zachinyengo zomwe opanga amagwiritsa ntchito, ngati zomwe zili ndi iron gluconate, ndiye kuti azitona zakuda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu adawasonkhanitsa obiriwira, opangidwa ndi alkali, "opaka utoto" ndi okosijeni, ndipo mtundu wawo udakhazikika ndi chinthu ichi.

Zabwino kudziwa

Kuphatikiza apo, maolivi achabechabe ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa, ngakhale atagulitsidwa ndi kulemera, ndipo kapangidwe kake sanatchulidwe kulikonse. Zimakhala zakuda kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zonyezimira. Mtundu uwu si wachilengedwe. Maolivi akuda achilengedwe amakhala obiriwira komanso obiriwira. Anthu nthawi zambiri amaipaka utoto mosiyanasiyana: mbiya yoyang'ana dzuwa imakhala yowala komanso yakuda - imacha msanga, ndipo yomwe yabisala mumthunzi ndiyopepuka. Izi ndi "zolakwika" m'maonekedwe, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti azitona ndi zachilengedwe. Munthu amatha kuwawona bwino mumitsuko yamagalasi kapena akagulitsidwa ambiri.

Njira zachikhalidwe

Zida zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe (zopanda mankhwala) zitha kukhala zakuda kapena zobiriwira komanso zakuda kapena zobiriwira komanso zapinki, zofiirira pang'ono, kapena zofiirira. Izi ndi zakuthwa-pakati kapena mitundu yapadera ya azitona yomwe imada mdima pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, maolivi achi Greek a Kalamata ndi ofiirira osati akuda.

Maolivi amtundu waku Turkey

Palinso mtundu wina wa azitona zachikhalidwe popanga omwe opanga sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ngakhale brine. Awa ndi mawonekedwe achi Turkey; sagulitsidwa mu brine (monga zonsezi pamwambapa); anthu amawathira m'mazitini kapena amawanyamula m'matumba apulasitiki. Nthawi zambiri anthu amawathira mafuta pang'ono. Kunja, ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina - zipatso zawo ndizofota, zouma. Kukoma kwawo kulinso kosiyana - ndi owawa pang'ono, koma ambiri amawakonda.

Chidziwitso ndi mphamvu

"M'mayiko a Mediterranean, pafupifupi kulikonse komwe azitona amalima, ndawonapo mobwerezabwereza chizolowezi china chosangalatsa - ena amadya azitona zingapo ndikudya," akutero a Anatoly Gendlin, katswiri wazikhalidwe zamayiko azakudya. - Pali chikhulupiliro chofala kuti ndichopindulitsa komanso chimateteza ku khansa. Komabe, madokotala akumaloko samatsimikizira kuti izi ndizothandiza.

Kudya kwa mafupa

Ena amati mafupa akamagaya chakudya amatulutsa zakudya. Ndinayesa kugawaniza maenje a azitona ndikuonetsetsa kuti ndi olimba, ndipo mwina, ndilolimba kwambiri kwa michere ya m'mimba. Kumbali inayi, maolivi amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zothandiza m'maso - zomwe zili pafupi ndi mbewu zilizonse, kaya ndi mtedza kapena mbewu, zimakhala zolemera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mwina ndibwino kudula maenje azitona ngati mtedza? Mwamwayi, kwa ambiri, mafupa alibe vuto. Komabe, mwa anthu omwe amamatira, kudzimbidwa, komanso matumbo aulesi, amatha kukhala "malo okula" komwe bezoar imapanga - thupi lachilendo m'mimba ndi m'matumbo. Nthawi zina izi zimabweretsa mavuto ndi chimbudzi, mpaka kutsekeka kwamatumbo.

Ndipo samalani mawonekedwe a njere; mumitengo ina ya azitona, imatha kumapeto ndipo imatha kupweteka nembanemba. Mwa njira, zakudya za ku Mediterranean ndizabwino kwambiri motero zimateteza ku khansa ndi matenda ena mwa izo zokha.
Akatswiri ena azakudya amakhulupirira kuti chakudya cha ku Mediterranean sichabwino kwenikweni kwa nzika zakumayiko ozizira, kuphatikiza Russia. Njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo ndi chakudya cha ku Norway.

Chifukwa chiyani maolivi ndi othandiza

Mafuta ochokera azitona zakuda ndi zobiriwira amapanga maziko azakudya zaku Mediterranean, zomwe anthu ambiri amazindikira kuti ndizabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Maolivi ali ndi zinthu zopitilira 100, sizinthu zonse zomwe zaphunziridwa pano.

• Gulu lapadera la zinthu zitatu za phenolic: zosavuta phenols (hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol); oleuropein, aglycones; alireza.
• Squalene - amateteza pakukula kwa khansa yapakhungu.
• Mafuta a monounsaturated, vitamini E, amathandiza kuchepetsa cholesterol yoyipa ndikuwonjezera cholesterol yabwino, kuteteza mitsempha yamagazi ku atherosclerosis.
• Oleokanthal - odana ndi kutupa ndi analgesic kwenikweni.
• Oleic acid - imalepheretsa kukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere.

Mphatso yochokera kumwamba

Anthu nthawi zonse amagwirizanitsa mtengo wa azitona ndi china chake chaumulungu. Agiriki akale ankakhulupirira kuti azitonawa adachokera kwa mulungu wamkazi Athena, chifukwa chake nthambi ya azitona idachita nzeru ndi kubereka kwa iwo. Aigupto amatchula azitona kwa mulungu wamkazi Isis ndipo anali otsimikiza kuti mtengo uwu unali chizindikiro cha chilungamo. Akhristu amakhulupirira kuti nkhunda yomwe ili ndi nthambi ya azitona pamlomo pake idabweretsa uthenga wamtendere pakati pa Mulungu ndi anthu pambuyo pa Chigumula. Mwina kulemekeza mitengo ya azitona kumachitika chifukwa cha kutalika kwawo. Maolivi amakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mitengo ina yazaka zoposa XNUMX. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti maolivi samwalira ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi moyo kosatha.

Zina mwazinthu zina

Zipatso za mtengo "wamuyaya" sizingafanane konse. Mitundu ina imakhala yofanana ndi yamatcheri, pomwe ina imakhala ngati maula. Mtundu umasintha nthawi yakukhwima. Maolivi obiriwira amakhala ndi bulauni wonyezimira pakapita nthawi, ndipo akatha kupsa, amasanduka akuda.

Koma mitundu yonse ya azitona yakuda ndi yobiriwira ili ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - simuyenera kudya yatsopano. Zipatso zomwe zadulidwa pamtengo ndizolimba kwambiri, ndipo ngati mungakwanitse kuluma chidutswa chaching'ono, mkwiyo wosaneneka ukuyembekezerani. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze chotupitsa, maolivi akuda ndi obiriwira amafunika kuthira kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako anthu amamwa mchere kapena kuwutola. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, zipatso zamchere zimakhala zolimba kuposa zonunkhira.

Pofuna kuti tisakalambe

Wotchuka Avicenna ankawona azitona ngati chithandizo cha pafupifupi matenda onse. Dokotala wodziwika sanali wolakwika kwambiri, chifukwa zipatsozi ndizothandiza mthupi lathu. Maolivi akuda ndi obiriwira amakhala ndi mavitamini B ambiri (omwe amatithandiza kwambiri muubongo ndi manjenje), vitamini A (yofunikira kuti athe kuwona bwino), vitamini D (yofunikira pamafupa olimba ndi mano athanzi), ascorbic acid (imalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi ), vitamini E (amateteza ku zovuta zachilengedwe, amaletsa matenda amtima, kukalamba msanga komanso zotupa zoyipa).

Komabe, chuma cha azitona chambiri ndi mafuta. Zomwe zili mu zipatso zimatha kuyambira 50 mpaka 80%. Komanso, maolivi amene amathyola zipatso, m'pamenenso mumakhala mafuta ambiri.

Mafuta a azitona ndi chinthu chapadera kwambiri. Lili ndi mafuta ambiri osakwaniritsidwa. Ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse cholesterol wopezeka m'magazi, kuteteza dongosolo lathu lamtima, komanso kupewa atherosclerosis. Mafuta omwe ali mu azitona amathandiza kuti chimbudzi chikhale bwino komanso amadzutsa chilakolako chofuna kudya. Ichi ndichifukwa chake azitona nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa chotupitsa asanadye chakudya chamadzulo. Ndipo ngati mumadya azitona 10 tsiku lililonse, mutha kudziteteza ku chitukuko cha gastritis ndi zilonda zam'mimba.

Zopindulitsa

Zipatso zimathandizira kusokoneza zinthu zilizonse zowopsa m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, amawerengedwa kuti ndiwowonjezera kuwonjezera pa zakumwa zambiri zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Zipatso zimakhazikitsa bwino zakumwa ndikuteteza kumatenda am'mawa pambuyo paphwando lokoma.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu amakhulupirira kuti azitona zakuda ndi zobiriwira zimawonjezera mphamvu zachimuna. Kaya izi zili chonchi mpaka pano sizikudziwika, koma nzika zakumayiko aku Mediterranean, komwe zipatso zimapezeka tsiku lililonse, ndizotchuka chifukwa cha kutentha kwawo.

Zofunika kwambiri

Mutha kupeza zipatso zokhala ndi anchovy, mandimu, tsabola, pickles, ndi zina zabwino pamashelefu. Koma sizolowera kudzaza maolivi. Kukoma kwawo kwakhala kolemera kale ndipo sikuyenera "kuwonongedwa" ndi zowonjezera zina. "Kudyetsa" kokha komwe kumaloledwa ndi zipatso ndikuchotsa fupa. Komabe, ma gourmets amatsimikiza kuti ntchitoyi imangowononga mtundu ndi kukoma kwa malonda.

Kusankha mtundu wa azitona

Ngati mukufuna kuyika mtsuko womwe mumakonda wa azitona m'thumba lanu, onetsetsani kuti mumvera chidwi chawo. Chizindikiro chimaperekedwa ndi manambala olembedwa ndi kachigawo, mwachitsanzo, 70/90, 140/160, kapena 300/220. Manambalawa akuimira kuchuluka kwa zipatso pa kilogalamu yolemera. Chifukwa chake, ndikukula kwakukulu, maolivi amayenda bwino. Cholembedwacho 240/260 chimati pali maolivi osachepera 240 ndipo osaposa 260 pa kilogalamu. Zipatso zotsekedwa mumtsuko ziyenera kukhala zofananira komanso kukula - izi zikuwonetsa mtundu wa malonda.

Zachidziwikire, mtsukowo suyenera kukhala ndi mapindikidwe, sipangakhale dzimbiri kapena kuwonongeka kwina.

Zosangalatsa

Asayansi apeza chifukwa chomwe azimayi aku Mediterranean samakonda kudwala khansa ya m'mawere. Chizindikiro chake ndi oleic acid: pokhala chopangira chachikulu cha maolivi, chimapezeka muzakudya zambiri zakomweko. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Northwestern University of Chicago akuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa amachepetsa chiwopsezo cha zotupa zoyipa ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya chithandizo ngati chikawoneka.

Asayansi apezanso kuti chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima chimachepa ngati mafuta ambiri a wodwala amachokera ku mafuta osati zakudya zina. Kafukufukuyu adakhudza anthu 342, omwe 171 adapulumuka kale m'mnyewa waminyewa wam'maso.
Ndipo malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, mafuta amathandizanso kuti mutu wanu usapweteke kwambiri kuposa mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'menemo amafanana ndi ibuprofen yomwe ili ndi mankhwala opweteka.

Ndisanayiwale

Ofufuza aku Australia apeza kuti anthu akamadya mafuta azakudya, makwinya amakhalanso ochepa. Oleic acid, yomwe ndi gawo la azitona komanso maolivi owonjezera, imalowa m'matumbo a khungu, ndikuidzaza, zomwe zimapangitsa mizere yabwino ndi makwinya kuti zisawonekere. Kuphatikiza azitona ambiri pazakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku momwe zingathere, gwiritsani ntchito maolivi kuphika, onjezani azitona ku msuzi wa pasitala ndi masaladi - kapena muzidya zonse.

Maphikidwe ochokera azitona

Matalala achisanu ochokera kuzitona

1 akhoza ya azitona zotsekedwa, 50 g wa walnuts osungunuka, 100 g wa tchizi wolimba, 1-2 cloves wa adyo, 3-4 tbsp — supuni ya mayonesi, 100 g ya timitengo ta nkhanu.
Ikani chidutswa cha mtedza mu maolivi aliwonse. Konzani kusakaniza: kabati tchizi pa chabwino grater, kuphwanya adyo, kuwonjezera mayonesi, sakanizani zonse.
Nkhanu ya kabati imagwira pa grater yabwino. Sakanizani maolivi mu chisakanizo cha tchizi-mayonesi ndikuwaza ndi timitengo ta nkhanu.

Saladi wobiriwira ndi nyama ndi nyemba

Saladi - 100 g. Nyama yophika (ng'ombe, nkhumba) - 200 g. Nyemba zophika - 100 g. Anyezi - 100 g. Mafuta a masamba - 50 g. Garlic - 50 g. Azitona zokhomerera. Mchere. Tsabola wotentha.
Dulani anyezi bwino ndi kusunga mafuta a masamba. Dulani nyama mu cubes. Sakanizani saladi wobiriwira, nyemba, anyezi, nyama, yodulidwa, ndikuwonjezera tsabola, adyo wodulidwa, ndi mchere kuti mulawe. Lembani saladi ndi maolivi.

Zowonjezera zathanzi la azitona zimaperekedwa mu kanema pansipa: