Ma mota aboti

Kusankha injini ya boti sikophweka monga momwe zimawonekera poyamba; pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa, zimakhala zovuta kusankha mtundu woyenera kwambiri. Maboti amoto ali ndi mitundu yambiri, mikhalidwe yofunikira imathandizira kuzindikira izi. Kuti chitsanzo chosankhidwa chigwirizane bwino ndi bwato lamadzi, m'pofunika kuphunzira za assortment pasadakhale ndikuphunzira momwe mungachotsere zosankha zosafunikira. Malamulo osankhidwa akukambidwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Mitundu yama motors akunja

Asodzi akamapita kunyanja kapena kumalo osungira madzi, nthawi zambiri amazindikira kuti mabwatowo ndi amene akusowa. Ndipo iwo omwe ali ndi zopalasa m'manja mwawo sangathe kusambira kutali, adzayenera kugwira ntchito zambiri pa izi, koma nyengo yamakono ndi nyengo zimatha kupanga zosintha zawo pakuyenda kwa chombo chamadzi.

Kuyika galimotoyo kudzathandiza kupulumutsa mphamvu, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, m'kanthawi kochepa, msodzi adzakhala pamalo abwino ndipo adzatha kuthera nthawi yambiri pazochitika zake zomwe amakonda. Ulendo wopita ku sitolo kwa galimoto ya ngalawa nthawi yoyamba sungakhale kugula bwino, malo ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amapereka kusankha kwakukulu kwa zinthu izi. Kuti kugula kukule msanga, muyenera kudziwa zingapo zofunika kwambiri, kuyambira pomwe amasankha.

Choyamba, muyenera kusankha injini yoyenera mtunduwo. Maboti amakono amakulolani kuti muyike mitundu iwiri, mafuta ndi magetsi, omwe aliyense adzakhala ndi mbali zabwino ndi zoipa. Kuonjezera apo, chinthu chofunika kwambiri mwa aliyense wa iwo chidzakhala mapangidwe omwe amachititsa kuti ntchitoyo isunthe.

wononga

Kwa ma propellers, kusuntha kumachitika pozungulira chowongolera. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yonse yamayendedwe amadzi, zimakhala ndi mapangidwe osavuta komanso otsika mtengo.

Mapangidwe awa amayamikiridwa kwambiri pakuya, madzi osaya si ofunikira kwa iwo. Pakuya kwambiri, zowononga zimatha kugwira zomera, ming'alu, pansi ndikuthyoka.

Yambani

Mapangidwe a turbine amagwira ntchito mosiyana pang'ono, zomangirazo zimabisika mwa iwo. Botilo limayendetsedwa ndi madzi akuyamwa mbali imodzi ndikukankhira mbali inayo ndi propeller.

Magalimoto amtunduwu amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale mozama, kuyambira 30 cm. Kuyendetsa kwa turbine sikuwopa madzi oipitsidwa, nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa pa mabwato pamagombe, kusefukira kwamadzi kumachitika kokha ndi mapangidwe otere.

Kusintha kwa screw dip

Kumizidwa kosakwanira kwa propeller sikungathe kulola luso kuti liziyenda bwino m'madzi, ngakhale propeller yamphamvu imakwawa ngati kamba. Ngati wonongayo itamizidwa pansi pazabwinobwino, izi zipanga katundu wowonjezera pagalimoto. Kuti mupewe zovuta, ma motors amagetsi amakhala ndi zosintha popanda kupendekeka, pomwe ma mota a petulo amayendetsedwa ndi kupendekeka komwe kumayenderana ndi ma axis opingasa.

Magawo athupi

Pali zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kusankha kwa injini ya ngalawa. Ndikofunikira kuwaganizira, chitetezo chakuyenda ndi zina zambiri zimadalira iwo.

Kulemera ndi kukula kwake

Chifukwa chiyani zizindikirozi zimafunikira, woyambitsayo sangamvetse, zizindikiro zolemera ndizofunikira powerengera kuchuluka kwa ntchitoyo ndi mphamvu zake zonyamula. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kulemera kwa injini ya mafuta kumasonyezedwa popanda kuganizira za thanki yamafuta. Kuonjezera apo, miyeso iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi kukula kwa bwato.

Ma injini amagetsi amalemera kwambiri kuposa ma injini a petulo.

Kulemera kwa injini kumadalira mphamvu, mahatchi ambiri amabisika mkati, chinthucho chidzakhala cholemera kwambiri ndipo miyeso yake idzakhala yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Kulemera kwa injini kumachokera ku 3 mpaka 350 kg, pamene kulemera kumadalira mphamvu ya akavalo motere:

• 6 akavalo amalemera mpaka 20 kg;
• mahatchi 8 mpaka 30 kg;
• 35 ndiyamphamvu imasanduka 70 kg.

Kutalika kwa Transom

Transom ili kumbuyo, injini imayikidwa pamenepo. Kuti kuyikako kukhale kopambana komanso wononga kuti ikhale pakuya komwe mukufuna, ndikofunikira kusankha mota yoyenera molingana ndi chizindikiro ichi. Kutchulidwa kwa chizindikiro ichi mu pasipoti ya boti ndi galimoto ikuchitika mu zilembo zachilatini, kusindikiza kumafunika:

• S amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza transom mu 380-450 mm;
• L imayimira 500-570 mm;
• X ikufanana ndi kutalika kwa 600-640 mm;
• U ali ndi mtengo wokwanira, womwe ndi 650-680 mm kutalika.

Mbali ya anti-cavitation ya injini yakunja ndi pansi pa transom iyenera kukhala ndi kusiyana kwa 15-25 mm.

Mitundu yokwera

Kuyika injini ku lusoli nakonso ndikofunikira, mitundu inayi tsopano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• njira yovuta idzakonza galimotoyo pa transom mwamphamvu, sikungatheke kuyitembenuza;
• rotary imalola injini kuyenda motsatira mbali yoyima;
• njira yopindayi imadziwika ndi kuyenda kwa mota mozungulira;
• swing-out imalola injini kuyenda mopingasa komanso molunjika.

Mtundu womaliza wa fastener umathandizira kwambiri kasamalidwe ka luso.

Kukweza motere

Nthawi zina pamadzi zimafuna kukweza injini; Kuyika m'malo osaya popanda izi sikungatheke. Pali njira ziwiri zowonjezera injini:

• kukwezedwa pamanja ndi tiller, makina oterowo ali pamabwato ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi injini zopepuka, ma mota olemera komanso amphamvu sangathe kukwezedwa motere;
• makina opangira ma electro-hydraulic amakweza injini pakugwira batani, sizotsika mtengo, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamagetsi amphamvu a mabwato akulu.

Galimoto yomwe ili pamalo okwera panthawi yoimika magalimoto kwa nthawi yayitali sichikhala ndi dzimbiri, zomwe zidzatalikitsa ntchito yake.

Ma injini oyatsira mkati

Nthawi zambiri, injini zoyaka zamkati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu yayikulu ndipo, motero, kuyenda mwachangu pamadzi; iwo yodziwika ndi ntchito madzi mafuta. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma motors otere, koma palinso makhalidwe omwe amafanana.

Chiwerengero cha masilindala

Ma motors amafuta amadzimadzi amagwira ntchito chifukwa chakuyenda kwa pistoni mkati mwake. Pali injini ziwiri zowongoka ndi zinayi, chipangizo choyamba ndi choyambirira, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekeretsa mabwato ang'onoang'ono mtunda waufupi. Mikwingwirima inayi ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo imasiyana kukula ndi achibale awo aang’ono.

Galimoto yamasilinda awiri imakhala ndi mapangidwe osavuta, omwe amapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwira ntchito. Ndiotsika mtengo, koma sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupi ndi magombe kapena m'malo omwe ali ndi chilengedwe chocheperako.

Masilinda anayi adzakhala amphamvu kwambiri, koma amatenganso malo ochulukirapo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda.

Ntchito voliyumu

Mphamvu ya injini pa petulo imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chipinda choyaka moto. Chipinda chogwirira ntchito chimakhala chachikulu, mafuta amadyedwa kwambiri komanso mphamvu ya injini ikukwera.

Mafuta

Mphamvu ya injini mwachindunji zimadalira kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amadyedwa, chiŵerengero cha mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ola limodzi la ntchito chidzakhala chizindikiro ichi. Posankha mota, muyenera kulabadira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mphamvu yomweyo imatha kudya mosiyanasiyana.

mtundu wamafuta

Mtundu wamafuta ndi wofunikira kuti injini igwire bwino ntchito. Ziwerengero zamphamvu zidzakhala pamwamba nthawi zonse ngati mafuta okhala ndi octane osachepera omwe atchulidwa agwiritsidwa ntchito. Mafuta okhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito, izi sizingakhudze magwiridwe antchito agalimoto.

Mtundu wa lubrication system

Popanda mafuta, injiniyo sichitha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, mphamvu yochulukirapo, mafuta ochulukirapo amafunikira. Kupaka mafuta kungatheke m'njira ziwiri:

• Bukuli limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe osavuta, kusakaniza kumakonzedwa ndi manja, chifukwa chake dzinali. Kuphika kudzafuna chidwi chachikulu, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kuwonedwa mosamalitsa.
• Osiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yotsika mtengo ya injini, mafuta amatsanuliridwa m'chipinda chake, ndipo mafuta amawathira m'malo mwake. Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi yogwira ntchito, makinawo amawongolera kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amayenera kuperekedwa.

Njira yotsirizayi sidzalola kuti iwonongeke, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti galimotoyo idzagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali popanda zolephera.

kumasulidwa

Njira zitatu zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambitsa injini yakunja:

• njira yamanja imakhala ndikungogwedeza chingwe, zomwe zimabweretsa galimotoyo kuti igwire ntchito. Iyi ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yothandiza yomwe ndalama zowonjezera sizikufunika.
• Njira yamagetsi imatanthawuza kukhalapo kwa choyambira chomwe chimayendetsedwanso ndi batri. Njira zoterezi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi malo ofunikira.
• Mtundu wosakanikirana umaphatikizapo njira zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi. Kawirikawiri, choyambira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, koma ngati mwadzidzidzi, chingwe chozungulira chidzakhala chothandizira kwambiri.

Dongosolo losakanikirana limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabwato kuchokera ku 25-45 akavalo.

Magetsi

Kuchita kwa mota yoyendetsedwa ndi batire kumayesedwa mosiyana pang'ono, kumawonetsa kukankhira. Gawoli likuwonetsedwa kwa ogula mu kilogalamu, kuti musankhe mota yoyenera, muyenera kuphunzira kaye tebulo ndi zizindikiro zamtundu uliwonse wa bwato ndi gulu lolemera.

Mabatire amagwira ntchito ngati gwero lamagetsi, mota iliyonse idapangidwa kuti ipange voliyumu yake. Nthawi zambiri, mabatire amatulutsa ma volts 12, kotero kuti pagalimoto yokhala ndi mayamwidwe a 24-volt, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi zida ziwiri zotere zolumikizidwa mndandanda.

Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imadalira pazida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe kuti injiniyo igwire ntchito moyenera, kutulutsa kwa batire kwanthawi yayitali kuyenera kupitilira kuchuluka komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi injini ndi 15% -20%.

Zinthu zofunika

Posankha injini ya boti, chidwi chimakopeka ku chilichonse, koma kodi ndi zolondola? Ndi zizindikiro ziti zofunika kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe omwe angakhudze ntchito ya luso? Posankha injini, chidwi chimayang'ana pa mfundo zingapo. Kenako, tiwona mwatsatanetsatane.

mphamvu

Chizindikirochi chimayezedwa ndi mphamvu zamahatchi, kuchuluka kwawo kukakhala kokulirapo, m'pamenenso chombo chamadzi chimatha kuyenda mwachangu m'malo osungiramo madzi. Galimoto yamphamvu imayikidwanso pa zombo zolemera, mphamvu zonyamula ndizofunikanso pano.

Kusintha kwadzidzidzi

Ntchitoyi ndi yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ngati munthu akwera pamwamba, bwato limakhala lopanda mphamvu. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kudzakuthandizani kupewa zotsatira zoyipa muzochitika izi. Asanalowe m'madzi, mtundu wa chibangili chokhala ndi chomangira chapadera chimayikidwa pa dzanja. Munthu akakoka chingwe mwamphamvu, injini imayima, bwato limayima.

Mtengo RPM

Kuthamanga kwa chotengera kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha zosinthika, chiwerengero chachikulu chomwe chiri bwino kuti chisapitirire. Ziyenera kumveka kuti ntchito yapamwamba imapezeka mwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa phokoso. Nthawi zambiri, pofuna kupewa kulemetsa, dongosolo lochepetsera limamangidwa, lomwe silingalole kutenthedwa.

Chiwerengero chothamanga

Ma injini a petulo ali ndi liwiro la 2 mpaka 5, lomwe limasinthidwa ndi gearbox. Kwa ma motors amagetsi, kusintha kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta.

Kuziziritsa kwagalimoto ya bwato

Ma motors akunja amagwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwazinthu ziwiri zoziziritsira:

• mpweya umaonedwa kuti ndi wosagwira ntchito, motere ma motors mpaka 15 mahatchi amatha kukhazikika;
• madzi amagwiritsa ntchito madzi osungiramo madzi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumakhala kovuta m'mitsinje ndi nyanja zoipitsidwa kapena m'mayiwe omwe ali ndi zomera zambiri.

Madzi ndi otchuka kwambiri, ndi okwera mtengo komanso ogwira ntchito.

Kutumiza

Njira yopatsirana imayesa liwiro ndikuwongolera momwe chotengeracho chimayendera. Magiya atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muyezo:

• kutsogolo kumapita patsogolo ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi maulendo angapo;
• kumbuyo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha chotengera kumbuyo, zitsanzo zotsika mtengo sizingakhalepo konse;
• kusalowerera ndale kumapangitsa kuti bwato likhalepo ndi injini ikuyenda.

Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa injini ndikuzimitsa giya, apo ayi injiniyo idzadzaza.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya machitidwe

Kulamulira kwa chombo ndikofunikanso; kwa mabwato ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, tiller amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa amphamvu kwambiri, makina owongolera akutali amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Palinso mtundu wophatikizana wowongolera, wokhawokhawo sanayikidwe pamitundu yonse ya mabwato. Musanasankhe kuwongolera, muyenera kufunsa kaye ngati izi ndizotheka paboti lanu.

Machitidwe akutali

Kuwongolera kumaphatikizapo mitundu itatu:

• makina amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zomwe zimayikidwa pambali. Kutembenuza chiwongolero kumalimbitsa kapena kumasula zingwe, zomwe zimakonza kuyenda.
• Hydraulic imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabwato okhala ndi mahatchi opitilira 150. Mtengo wokwera ndi wokhawokha, apo ayi kasamalidwe kabwino. Ndi zotheka kulumikiza autopilot.
• Njira yamagetsi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi makina, chingwe chokha chimayikidwa m'malo mwa zingwe. Njirayi imatha kuwongolera zida zingapo nthawi imodzi.

Machitidwe akutali ndi ophweka, safuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndipo kulamulira kwa tiller popanda kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse sikutheka.