Bologna ndodo kugwetsa nsomba mu panopa, nsomba njira

Ndodo ya nsomba ya Bologna ndi imodzi mwa zida zamakono komanso zosunthika. Anawonekera m'chigawo cha Italy cha Bologna, komwe kuli fakitale ya Reglass rod mpaka lero.

Kwinakwake m'zaka za m'ma 1980, ndodo za telescopic za fiberglass zidawonekera pamashelefu a masitolo aku Soviet, zomwe zidasintha lingaliro la njira yauXNUMXbuXNUMXb usodzi pakati pa asodzi osaphunzira aku Soviet. Ngakhale ndodozi sizinali zochokera ku Italy, koma ndi mapangidwe awo zinapereka malingaliro okhudza ndodo ya Bologna.

Kuthana ndi mawonekedwe

Nsomba ya Bologna ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Galasi - kapena kaboni fiber yopanda kanthu, yochokera ku 5 mpaka 8 mita kutalika, yokhala ndi mapindikidwe angapo, pomwe koyiloyo imaperekedwa mwadongosolo kuti ikwezedwe.
• Kukhalapo kwa koyilo ya inertial kapena inertialess. Zonse zimadalira momwe nsomba zimakhalira.
• Mzere waukulu. Monga momwe zingathere kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha nsomba.
• Yandani ndi zogontha kapena zomangira zotsetsereka.
• Seti ya sinkers, leash ndi mbedza.

Mapangidwe a ndodo angaphatikizepo kuchokera ku 4 mpaka 8 mawondo, omwe ali ndi mphete yotsogolera. Bondo lomaliza likhoza kukhala ndi mphete zowonjezera 1-2 kuti zigawike mofanana mphamvu.

Ndodoyo idapangidwa kuti ikhale yayitali, ngakhale ndizitsulo zoyandama ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa usodzi wamakono. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupha nsomba mozama komanso pamtunda wamamita 30 kuchokera kugombe. Kuti athe kupanga zotayira zazitali, zoyandama zolemetsa zimayikidwa pa ndodo ya usodzi. Zitha kuphatikizidwa molimba komanso kutha kuyenda motsatira mzere waukulu wa usodzi.

Mbali ya ntchito

Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asodzi amasewera komanso asodzi osangalatsa, pamadzi okhala ndi mafunde, komanso pamadzi ndi m'nyanja pomwe kulibe madzi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pausodzi wakale, komanso kupanga zolemba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Momwe mungasankhire ndodo

Ndodo imasankhidwa potengera makhalidwe awa:

• Zinthu zopangira.
• Kutalika kwakukulu.
• kumanga.
• Mayeso.

Opanga ndodo zamakono akuyesera kuti akhale olimba, koma opepuka, kotero amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Monga lamulo, galasi fiber imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imayikidwa ndi zigawo zingapo zamagulu kapena carbon fiber. Ndodo za carbon fiber ndizopepuka, pomwe ndodo za fiberglass ndizolimba. Choncho, muyenera kusankha ndodo kutengera zikhalidwe za usodzi.

Ngati zikhalidwe zimafuna kuti musalole ndodoyo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti njira yabwino kwambiri ndi kaboni fiber yopanda kanthu. Ngati ndi kotheka kukhazikitsa zida pa choyimira, ndiye kuti mutha kusankha fiberglass. Posodza m'ngalawa, ndodo yayitali sifunikira, koma powedza pamphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi yayitali, ndi yabwino. Kwa izi, ndodo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutalika kwa 6-7 metres.

Kachitidwe ka ndodo kumasonyeza momwe ingapindire. Chifukwa chake, amagawidwa kukhala:

• Kuchita movutikira kapena kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pomwe nsonga ya ndodo ndi yopindika.
• Zochita zapakatikati - gawo lachitatu lapamwamba la ndodo likhoza kupindika.
• Zochita zapakatikati - ndodo imapindika kuchokera pakati.
• Kuchita kwa Parabolic (pang'onopang'ono) - kuthekera kwa ndodo kupindika kutalika kwake konse.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndodo zolimba kapena zolimba. Kusankha uku kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga ma wiring osiyanasiyana komanso mabala anthawi yake.

Mphamvu ya ndodo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mayeso ake, zomwe zimadalira zinthu zambiri, monga kuya kwa posungira, mtunda woponyera, etc. Ndodo za nsomba ndi mtanda kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 20 g ndizofala.

Posankha ndodo, muyenera kumvetsera ubwino wa ntchitoyo, ndodo yokhayokha komanso otsogolera.. Mphete sayenera kukhala ndi roughness, apo ayi zidzakhala zovuta kuchita zazitali zazitali. Ndodo zapamwamba zimakhala ndi mphete zokhala ndi ma porcelain liners. Udindo wofunikira umasewera ndi kutalika kwa miyendo ya mphete zowongolera. Akakhala apamwamba, ndiye kuti mzere waukulu umakhala wocheperako kumamatira ku ndodo yopanda kanthu.

Kusankha koyilo

Kwa ndodo yosodza ya Bologna, ma reel omwe amakwaniritsa izi ndi oyenera:

• Makhalidwe a reel ayenera kufanana ndi mawonekedwe a ndodo.
• Mzere wa reel uyenera kukhala osachepera 100 m.
• Kukhalapo kwa ntchito ya kumbuyo kukangana brake.
• mlingo wina wa zida.

Ndodo ya Bologna imatha kukhala ndi chozungulira kapena chozungulira, koma chozungulira chimakhala chosavuta. Kukula kwa reel kuyenera kukhala kolingana ndi kukula kwa ndodo. Kutengera kutalika kwa ndodo yopanda kanthu, kukula kwa reel kumatha kukhala kosiyanasiyana 1000-4000. Ngati ndodo yayitali ya 7-8 mita ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti 3500 size reel ndi yabwino ngati makulidwe a mzere ali mkati mwa 0,2 mm.

Kukhalapo kwa clutch yakumbuyo ndikofunikira pogwira anthu akuluakulu. Ndi kusintha koyenera, kudzakuthandizani kulimbana ndi chitsanzo chachikulu popanda mavuto.

Chiŵerengero cha magiya chili mkati mwa 5,7:1. Titha kunena kuti izi ndizomwe zimafunikira posankha cholumikizira cha ndodo yophera machesi. Lamuloli limagwiranso ntchito potola ndodo ya Bolognese.

Kusankhidwa kwa chingwe cha nsomba

Pa chipangizo cha ndodo ya nsomba ya Bologna, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chausodzi cha monofilament kapena fluorocarbon, ndi mainchesi a 0,14 mpaka 0,22 mm. Kusodza komwe kulibe nkhalango komanso kulibe algae, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yophera nsomba ndi gawo la 0,14 mpaka 0,18 mm, komanso m'malo omwe muli tchire kapena nsabwe - chingwe cha usodzi kuchokera ku 0,18 mpaka 0,22. ,100 mm. Osachepera mamita XNUMX a chingwe cha usodzi ayenera kuvulazidwa pa spool. Izi ndizofunikira kuti pakagwa nthawi yopuma, mutha kukonza mwachangu cholumikizira. Kukhalapo kwa chingwe chophatikizira chophatikizika chotere kudzalola kuponya mtunda wautali. Ndizofunikira kuti spool idzazidwe kwathunthu. Izi zichepetsa mwayi woti mzere ugwire pa spool panthawi yamasewera.

Kusankha zoyandama

Kuyandama mu ndodo ya Bologna kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Siziyenera kuwonedwa ndi nsomba, koma ziyenera kuwonedwa patali kwambiri. Komanso, iyenera kukonzedwa bwino. Ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa chingwe chachikulu chopha nsomba molimba kapena ndi mwayi wotsetsereka pamphepete mwa nsomba. Zonse zimadalira mikhalidwe ya usodzi. Kumangirira kosasunthika kwa zoyandama kumamveka ngati kuya kwa nsomba sikuchepera kutalika kwa ndodo ndi mita imodzi.

Kwenikweni, zoyandama za mafomu otsatirawa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Thupi la choyandamalo liri ngati dontho (thupi la choyandamacho limakula kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi).
• Fusiform (gawo lapansi ndi lopapatiza kuposa lapamwamba).
• Ndi thupi lathyathyathya (malo ogwirira ntchito a float amawoneka ngati disk).

Zoyandama zokhala ngati dontho zitha kutchedwa zoyandama zapadziko lonse lapansi. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakali pano komanso m'madzi okhazikika. Zoyandama zooneka ngati spindle zokhala ndi tinyanga zopanda kanthu zadziwonetsa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zoyandama zooneka ngati lathyathyathya zomwe zimawoneka ngati diski ndizofunikira kwambiri pamafunde amphamvu. M'madzi momwe mulibe madzi, zoyandama ziyenera kukhala zoyandama. M'kati mwa maphunzirowa, zoyandama zokhala ndi zizindikiro zolumwa zozungulira zimawonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri.

Pankhani ya matanthwe aatali, zoyandama zokhala ndi tinyanga zazitali komanso zokhuthala zimafunika kuti ziwonekere patali mpaka 30 metres. Kwa zida za Bolognese, zoyandama zokhala ndi keel yayitali ndi mlongoti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso m'thupi, lomwe lili ndi dzenje lomwe chingwe chachikulu chosodza chimakokera. Zoyandama zoterezi zimatha kukhala ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 4 mpaka 20 ndipo zimasankhidwa malinga ndi momwe nsomba zimakhalira. Zoyandama zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito, kulemera kwake komwe kungasinthidwe. Pa zoyandama zotere pali chizindikiro chofanana, mwachitsanzo 8 + 4. Izi zikutanthauza kuti choyandamacho chimakhala ndi kulemera kwa 8 g, koma mukhoza kuwonjezerapo 4 g.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zoyandama za Bolognese:

• Ndi kusala mu mfundo imodzi.
• Ndi kusala mu mfundo ziwiri.

Zosavuta - uwu ndi mtundu woyamba wa zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powedza pamadzi. Choyandamacho chimamangiriridwa kumunsi kwa keel. Imakhala yowongoka pamadzi, chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake bwino. Ndizosavuta kuponya pamtunda wautali.

Kuyika zida

Zida za Bologna zimaphatikizapo kukweza zoyandama ndi katundu umodzi kapena zingapo. Zonse zimatengera mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimachitika. M'madzi osasunthika, makina ophatikizira ophatikizika angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, 60% ya kulemera kwake imamangiriridwa pafupi ndi zoyandama, ndipo 40% imagawidwa pakati ndipo imamangiriridwa mu masentimita 20 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.

Pamaso pa mphamvu yofooka, unyolo wa pellets umagwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe uli pamtunda wa 10-15 masentimita imodzi pambuyo pa imzake. Pakatikati, ma pellets amaikidwa pafupi ndi mbali, pamtunda wa masentimita 70 kuchokera ku leash. Pamaso pa liwiro lothamanga, mtundu wotsetsereka wa sink ndi woyenera.

Ikapakidwa bwino, mlongoti woyandama wokha uyenera kuwoneka pamwamba pamadzi. Kuti mupange kukweza kwapamwamba, ndi bwino kuchita ntchitoyi pasadakhale, kunyumba. Kusodza kogwira mtima, kumatengera kuyika zida zolondola.

Kugwirizana kwa leash

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mzere wa monofilament kapena fluorocarbon monga mtsogoleri, ngakhale mzere waukuluwo utakulungidwa. Kutalika kwa chingwe cha nsomba kumatha kusiyana pakati pa 0,12-0,14 mm. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti fluorocarbon si yodalirika monga chingwe cha nsomba ndipo m'mimba mwake ukhoza kukhala waukulu. Kutalika kwa leash kungakhale kosiyana, malingana ndi mikhalidwe ndi njira yopha nsomba. Monga lamulo, pali leash pazitsulo za Bologna, pafupifupi 60 cm. Pamene kusodza kumachitika mu waya, kumatha kufupikitsidwa mpaka 40 cm.

Kusankha mbedza

Kukapha nsomba, msodzi amatenga mbedza zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Njira yabwino ndikutenga zitsogozo zingapo zokonzeka zautali wosiyanasiyana kuti musawaluke panthawi yosodza. Kukula kwa mbedza kumasankhidwa malinga ndi kukula kwa nsomba ndi nyambo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati nyambo yaying'ono ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga mphutsi, bloodworm, etc., ndiye mbedza za kukula kwake No. 14-No. 18 ndi oyenera, ndipo ngati nyongolotsi, nsawawa kapena chimanga zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbedza mpaka nambala 12.

Chombo chotsetsereka

Bologna tackle, monga ina iliyonse, imatha kukhala ndi zoyandama zoyandama komanso zozama.

Njira yosonkhanitsa ndodo ya Bolognese yokhala ndi choyandama chosunthika imakhala ndi izi.

1. Reel imamangiriridwa ku ndodo pogwiritsa ntchito mpando wa reel.
2. Mzere waukulu umalumikizidwa mu mphete zonse zowongolera.
3. Pambuyo pake, pafupifupi 100 mita ya chingwe chopha nsomba imadulidwa pa spool ya reel.
4. Chingwe cha nsomba chimapangidwa pafupifupi mamita 2 ndikudulidwa.
5. Pamtunda wa 1 m kuchokera kumapeto kwa mzere wosodza, choyimitsa mphira kapena silicone chimayikidwa.
6. Pambuyo pake, mkanda umayikidwa pa chingwe chachikulu chophera nsomba ndikukokedwa mpaka choyimitsa.
7. Kenako choyandamacho chimalumikizidwa.
8. Pambuyo pa kuyandama, mkanda umayikidwa.
9. Mkandawo umayimitsidwa ndi ma pellets otsogolera, omwe ndi kulemera kwake.
10. Chingwe chimalungidwa kumapeto kwa chingwe cha usodzi, pomwe leash imamangiriridwa.
11. Leash imamangiriridwa ndi clasp ndi swivel.

Kudyetsa ndi kudyetsa njira

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida za Bologna kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza za nyambo zomwe zimapangidwira usodzi pamaphunzirowa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusankha iwo enieni mtundu wa nsomba. Kusasinthasintha kwa nyambo kuyenera kugwirizana ndi momwe nsomba zimakhalira. Groundbait ikhoza kugulidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa nsomba kapena mutha kupanga nokha ndi zosakaniza zoyenera. Pakuwedza kamodzi, mumafunika mpaka 4 kg ya nyambo, ndikuwonjezera pafupifupi 2 kg ya dongo, ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwake.

Musanayambe kusodza, ndi bwino kuyang'ana kachulukidwe ka nyamboyo pogubuduza mpira ndikuuponya m'madzi. Ngati mpirawo ukupitiriza kugwira mawonekedwe ake m'madzi, ndiye kuti kachulukidwe ka nthaka ndipamwamba kwambiri. Sichigwira ntchito zake, ndipo simuyenera kudalira kusodza kopambana. Pansi, mipira iyenera kusweka, ndikupanga malo akumbuyo kapena njira yakumbuyo. Mukawedza m'madzi, muyenera kupanga njira yakumbuyo kuti muyende motsatira njira iyi.

Pachiyambi choyamba, mpaka 60% ya nyambo imaponyedwa m'madzi, ndipo yotsalayo imaponyedwa mkati mwa nsomba.

Nyambo imaperekedwa kumalo oluma pamanja kapena mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo, monga gulaye, mwachitsanzo. Zonse zimadalira mtunda wochokera kumphepete mwa nyanja. Simungathe kuponya manja pa mtunda wautali.

• Ngati nyamboyo imaperekedwa pamalowo pamanja, ndiye kuti mipira yokhala ndi mainchesi 50 mm imapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo ndikuponyedwa m'madzi ngati kuli kofunikira.
• Pamtunda waukulu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zidule zosiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito gulayeti kapena chipangizo china. Pakalipano, asodzi ochulukirachulukira akugwiritsa ntchito mabwato oyendetsedwa ndi wailesi opangidwa makamaka kuti akwaniritse zosowa za asodzi.

Njira yopha nsomba

Pogwiritsa ntchito chingwechi, nsomba zimagwidwa m'njira zitatu:

• Pothandizira.
• Kulowa mu waya.
• Kusuntha kwaulere.

Chofala kwambiri ndi njira yoyamba. Zina ziwirizo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yoyamba sikugwira ntchito. Njira yogwirira ntchito ndi yakuti chogwiriracho, pamodzi ndi choyandama, chimachepetsedwa pang'ono. Deceleration wa kayendedwe ka zida kunsi kwa mtsinje akhoza kuchitidwa mosalekeza kapena nthawi. Kumamatira kwanthawi ndi nthawi kumapangitsa nsomba kukhala chidwi ndi nyambo yomwe ikudutsa.

Chophimbacho chimaponyedwa patsogolo pang'ono ndi pang'ono kutali ndi mzere wa nyambo. Pambuyo pake, chowongoleracho chimalimbikitsidwa ndikusinthidwa mogwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Kenako chotchingacho chimatulutsidwa, koma nthawi ndi nthawi braking yake imapangidwa. Zotsatira zake, nyamboyo imakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo a nsomba, zomwe zimawonjezera kulumidwa.

Njira yophera nsombayi imafuna chidziwitso ndi luso, popeza kugwira zida pafupipafupi komanso kwanthawi yayitali kumakweza nyambo muzambiri zamadzi poyerekezera ndi pansi, ndikuichotsa ku nsomba.

Pogwiritsa ntchito waya, mumafunika zida zazikulu. Pachifukwa ichi, siker imatambasula pansi ndipo chowongoleracho chimayenda pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi kayendedwe ka madzi. Ndi njirayi, zoyandama zazikulu zooneka ngati dontho zimagwira ntchito bwino. Koma apa ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musapitirire ndi katunduyo, kotero kuti braking ikhale yochepa, apo ayi zoyandama zimayamba kukokera pansi pamadzi ndipo waya wamba sangagwire ntchito.

Njira yosavuta, yomwe sikutanthauza luso lapadera, ndikumasula zida zonse pamene liwiro lake likufanana ndi liwiro lamakono. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito pamaso pa oyenda pang'onopang'ono. Koma njira iyi si yothandiza, ngakhale imapezeka kwa aliyense, ngakhale wodziwa ng'ombe.

Ndodo ya Bologna itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pausodzi wamba, makamaka m'madzi akadali. Ndi njira iyi ya nsomba, palibe chifukwa chokhalira ndi ndodo m'manja mwanu. Ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa malo aliwonse.

Mukamagula ndodo ya bolognese, muyenera kulabadira izi:

• Simuyenera kusankha njira yotsika mtengo kuti ndodo yophera nsomba ikhale yayitali momwe mungathere.
• Poganizira zenizeni za usodzi, ndi bwino kusankha ndodo yofewa yofewa, chifukwa cha katundu wochepa pamanja.
• Ngati mumagula ndodo zingapo zomwe zimasiyana kutalika, kuchita ndi kuyesa, ndiye kuti izi zikuthandizani kuti muzitha kusodza zilizonse.
• Chifukwa chakuti kusodza kumachitika pamtunda wina kuchokera kumphepete mwa nyanja, choyandamacho chimasankhidwa ndi mlongoti wautali komanso wandiweyani.
• Ngati choyandamacho chili chovuta kuchiwona patali, ndiye kuti gawo la chubu lazakudya limatha kumamatirapo.
• Mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito nsonga ya inertial ngati mukuwedza m'ngalawa. Pankhaniyi, ndi yabwino.
• Kuti usodzi ukhale wopambana, muyenera kutenga mitundu ingapo ya nyambo ndi inu.
• Kwa maulendo ataliatali, ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito mzere woluka, popeza uli ndi mphamvu yosweka kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mukhoza kusankha mzere wokhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono kuti mukhale ndi kukana kochepa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo ya Bolognese powedza pamadzi kumafuna luso linalake. Popanda kuphunzitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, nsomba zamtunduwu sizingatheke kuphunzira. Inde, ndipo ndodo iyi yophera nsomba imafuna zida zapadera, chifukwa sizingatheke kuti zitheke kuponya zida wamba pamtunda wautali, makamaka ngati pali mphepo yam'mbali. Kuchokera pa izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ndodo yophera nsomba iyenera kukhala ndi zida zamakono zokha, komanso zofunika kwambiri, zogulidwa. Popeza kuti chogwiriracho chiyenera kugwiridwa m'manja nthawi zonse, ndodo iyenera kukhala yopepuka. Ikhoza kukhala ndodo ya carbon (zinthu zamakono kwambiri), koma ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo si aliyense amene angakwanitse. Choncho, posankha nsomba zamtundu uwu, muyenera kukonzekera kuti mudzayenera kulipira ndalama zambiri, zomwe sizili zoyenera nthawi zonse. Kupatula apo, pano simugwiritsa ntchito zoyandama wamba, monga popha nsomba ndi ndodo ya ntchentche. Kukhalapo kwa zoyandama kumapangitsa kuti zida izi zisakhale zapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka popeza nsomba zambiri zimakhala ndi moyo wotsikirapo ndipo ndi bwino kuzigwira pazida zapansi zomwe zilibe zoyandama, zomwe zimawonjezera kuponya kwa zida, komanso kwambiri. Kuchokera pa izi tikhoza kunena kuti ndodo ya Bologna singagwiritsidwe ntchito kulikonse, ndipo nthawi zina izi sizolondola.

Ndipo komabe, kusankha kumakhalabe ndi munthu wina yemwe ali mumikhalidwe ina. Izi zitha kukhala nkhokwe imodzi kapena ina momwe ikuyenera kupha nsomba.