Bream: chiŵerengero cha kukula ndi kulemera

Bream amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba zamtendere zomwe zimapezeka ku banja la carp; ngati mungafune, mutha kuzipeza m'madzi osiyanasiyana, kum'mwera komanso kumpoto kwa dziko lathu komanso kupitirira apo. Owotchera omwe ali ndi chidziwitso amaphatikizanso anthu oyambira 1,5 kg kapena kupitilira apo kupita ku ziwonetsero zamasewera, koma amangocheperako. Anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe bream imakulirakulira, tidzafanizira miyeso ndi kulemera kwake malinga ndi zomwe talandira.

Malo ogawa

Musanadziwe kuti bream imalemera bwanji pazaka zosiyanasiyana, muyenera kumvetsetsa komwe kulembetsa kwake kuli, malo osungira omwe amakonda komanso zida zomwe ndimakonda kuzigwira. Koma zinthu zoyamba poyamba, ndiyeno tiyeni tiyambe ndi malo okhala.

Mukhoza kupeza woimira cyprinids mu mitsinje ndi nyanja zambiri, ndipo sanganyansidwe ndi nyanja. Asayansi amatcha madera achilengedwe omwe amagawira mabeseni a nyanja zotere:

• Wakuda;
• Baltic;
• Caspian;
• Kumpoto.

Pano, ngakhale makolo athu akale adagwira bream yolemera kwambiri pa zida zakale kwambiri masiku ano. Usodzi woterewu udapangidwanso m'nyanja ya Karelia, kumpoto chakumadzulo komanso m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko lathu. Koma mu nkhokwe za Urals ndi Western Siberia, ichthyoga anabweretsedwa ndi mphamvu, kwa nthawi yaitali izo anaŵetedwa chongopeka, chifukwa, tsopano pali bream zambiri m'madera amenewa, ndipo nthawi zambiri mukhoza kukumana chimphona chenicheni. Iye ndi mpikisano wokhazikika pa mbedza pakati pa asodzi pa Iset ndi Tobol, koma madzi a m'nyanja samamuwopsyeza nkomwe.

Food

Bream imaonedwa kuti ndi yovuta kwambiri, imadya mafuta mwachangu pakangotha ​​​​kubereka ndipo isanazime, m'chilimwe zilakolako zake zimachepa pang'ono, koma osati nthawi zonse.

Habitat imakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe azakudya:

• nsomba zochokera kumpoto adzapereka mmalo mitundu nyama, crustaceans ang'onoang'ono, mphutsi nyama, molluscs, mphutsi ndi maziko, nthawi zina munthu wamkulu akhoza kuyendetsa mozungulira m'madzi ndi mwachangu anthu ena nsomba;
• m'madera akum'mwera m'madzi ofunda kwa woimira cyprinids, njira yabwino kwambiri yodyera chakudya ndi masamba, mizu, mphukira zazing'ono za zomera za m'madzi sizidzamusiya iye wopanda chidwi, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa madzi kudzakankhira nsomba ku zakudya zowonjezera nyama.

Nyengo iyeneranso kuganiziridwa, m'madzi ozizira, nsomba zimakhala ndi zokonda chimodzi, koma m'madzi ofunda zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri.

Makhalidwe obereketsa

Malingana ndi malo okhala ndi maonekedwe a madzi, kukula kwa bream kudzakhala kosiyana kwa zaka zambiri, kukula ndi kulemera kwake kumadaliranso mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi awiri:

• semi-anadromous, chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chimakhala mayendedwe ofunikira makamaka panthawi yoberekera;
• zogona, imene nsomba sasuntha kwambiri mtunda.

Ndi chinthu ichi chomwe chimakhudzanso kutha msinkhu, oimira mawonekedwe okhalamo adzatha kubereka ali ndi zaka 3-4, koma omwe ali ndi ma anadromous ayenera kuyembekezera izi kwa zaka zingapo.

Oimira carps amitundu yonse amapita kumalo oberekera pokhapokha madzi akatenthedwa mpaka madigiri 16-18, mitengo yotsika idzachedwetsa njirayi. Oimira theka-anadromous kubereka ana akhoza kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita 100, kusamuka yaitali amapangidwa ndi okhala m'nyanja Ladoga ndi anthu ochokera m'munsi mwa Dnieper.

Kuswana kumachitika m'malo oyenera kwambiri, omwe amadziwika ndi:

• kuya kwakuya;
• zomera zambiri.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, malingana ndi dera, ndondomekoyi ikhoza kuchitika nthawi imodzi kapena m'magulu. Anthu akuluakulu nthawi yomweyo amalowa kuswana, kutsatiridwa ndi apakati, ndipo oimira ang'onoang'ono ndi omwe amamaliza. M'mbuyomu, amasokera m'makola, koma nsomba zikachuluka, zimachepa.

Mbali za moyo

Ndizovuta kunena kuti bream imakula bwanji, zoweta m'chilimwe ndi nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo oimira akuluakulu ndi nsomba zazing'ono.

Makhalidwe a moyo amakankhira woimira cyprinids kuti asochere m'magulu, koma chiwerengero cha anthu chimadalira zizindikiro zambiri:

• m'chilimwe, anthu okhala kum'mwera akuyenda m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kuti akhale malo okhazikika amasankha malo okhala ndi zomera zochepa, koma malo otsika kwambiri amatha kukhala mchenga ndi dongo, nthawi zambiri amatuluka kuti adyetse usiku ndi usiku. nthawi yoyamba;
• anthu akumpoto amachita mosiyana pang'ono, sadzakhala nthawi zonse m'malo opanda phokoso ndikuyang'ana pang'onopang'ono chakudya, nthawi zambiri oimira ma cyprinids kumpoto kwa madzi amapita kumadera omwe ali ndi mphepo yamkuntho, nthawi zina ngakhale ku fairway.

Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madzi, anthu ochokera kumadera onse a madzi amasonkhana pamodzi ndikupita kumalo akuya kuti azizizira, amatchedwanso maenje a wintering. Apa bream ili ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana.

Kulemera kwa kukula kwake

Kodi bream imakula bwanji? Sikophweka nthawi zonse kuyankha funsoli, nthawi zina ang'onoting'ono amakoka oimira mpaka mita imodzi, pamene kulemera kwawo kumakhala kochititsa chidwi. Kulemera kwa bream kutalika kwake kudzakuthandizani kudziwa tebulo, lomwe tikudziwitsani pansipa:

Trophy bream yolemera kuposa 2 kg imakula kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu ndi zitatu.

Pambuyo pophunzira deta, zinadziwika kwa aliyense kufunika komasula nsomba zazing'ono. Pokhapokha m'pamene tidzatha kuyang'ana zowona zenizeni za nsomba zamtendere, komanso zolusa m'madamu athu.

Kodi bream imakula bwanji mpaka 3 kg inadziwika bwino, kuti akwaniritse kulemera kwake, ayenera kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zosachepera khumi, pamene chakudya chake chiyenera kukhala chokwanira.

Tidapeza kuchuluka kwa bream 35 cm kutalika kwake, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa kutalika kumathandizira wowotchera kuti akhazikitse zaka zachitsanzo chogwidwa popanda mavuto. Komabe, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti oimira chigawo cha kumpoto ali ndi miyeso yochepetsetsa; ali ndi zaka 10, chitsanzo cha Lake Onega sichidzalemera makilogalamu 1,2.