Calcium (Ca) - kufotokozera za mchere. Zaumoyo ndi zovulaza

Kufotokozera

Kashiamu ndi gawo la gulu lalikulu II la gulu IV la periodic dongosolo la zinthu mankhwala DI Mendeleev, ali atomiki nambala 20 ndi atomiki misa 40.08. Dzina lovomerezeka ndi Ca (kuchokera ku Latin - Calcium).

Mbiri ya Calcium

Calcium inapezedwa mu 1808 ndi Humphrey Davy, yemwe, mwa electrolysis ya slaked laimu ndi mercury oxide, anapeza calcium amalgam, chifukwa cha ndondomeko ya distilling mercury kumene chitsulo, chotchedwa calcium, chinatsalira. M'Chilatini, laimu amamveka ngati calx, ndipo linali dzina limeneli lomwe linasankhidwa ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku England kuti likhale lotseguka.

Mankhwala ndi mankhwala

Kashiamu ndi chitsulo chosunthika, chofewa, choyera-choyera cha alkali. Chifukwa cha kuyanjana ndi okosijeni ndi carbon dioxide, zitsulo zachitsulo zimakula, choncho calcium imafunika njira yapadera yosungirako - chidebe chotsekedwa mwamphamvu chomwe chitsulo chimatsanuliridwa ndi wosanjikiza wa parafini wamadzimadzi kapena palafini ndiyofunikira.

Zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku za calcium

Calcium ndiye chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu, chofunikira tsiku lililonse kuyambira 700 mpaka 1500 mg kwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi, koma chimawonjezeka pa nthawi yapakati ndi kuyamwitsa, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndipo calcium iyenera kupezeka. mawonekedwe a kukonzekera.

Mu chilengedwe

Calcium imakhala ndi zochita zambiri zamakhemikhali, chifukwa chake sizichitika mwachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe ake aulere (woyera). Komabe, ndi yachisanu kwambiri padziko lapansi, mu mawonekedwe a mankhwala amapezeka mu sedimentary (laimu, choko) ndi miyala (granite), anorite feldspar imakhala ndi calcium yambiri.

Zamoyo ndizofala mokwanira, kupezeka kwake kumapezeka muzomera, nyama ndi anthu, komwe kumakhala makamaka m'mano ndi mafupa.

Zakudya zokhala ndi calcium

Gwero la calcium: mkaka ndi mkaka (gwero lalikulu la calcium), broccoli, kabichi, sipinachi, mpiru masamba, kolifulawa, katsitsumzukwa. Calcium ilinso ndi dzira yolk, nyemba, mphodza, mtedza, nkhuyu (calorizator). Njira ina yabwino ya calcium ya zakudya ndi mafupa ofewa a salimoni ndi sardines, nsomba zilizonse za m'nyanja. Mpikisano wa calcium ndi sesame, koma watsopano.

Calcium iyenera kulowa m'thupi mu chiŵerengero china ndi phosphorous. Chiŵerengero choyenera cha zinthu izi chimatengedwa kuti ndi 1: 1.5 (Ca: P). Choncho, ndikoyenera kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mchere wambiri nthawi imodzi, mwachitsanzo, chiwindi cha ng'ombe ndi chiwindi cha nsomba zamafuta, nandolo zobiriwira, maapulo ndi radishes.

Mayamwidwe a calcium

Cholepheretsa kuyamwa kwabwino kwa kashiamu kuchokera ku chakudya ndikudya chakudya chamafuta mu mawonekedwe a maswiti ndi alkalis, omwe amalepheretsa hydrochloric acid m'mimba, yomwe ndiyofunikira pakutha kwa calcium. Njira yophatikizira kashiamu ndizovuta kwambiri, kotero nthawi zina sizokwanira kuzipeza ndi chakudya chokha, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chinthu chotsatira.

Kuyanjana ndi ena

Kupititsa patsogolo kuyamwa kwa calcium m'matumbo, vitamini D imafunika, yomwe imathandizira kuyamwa kwa calcium. Mukatenga kashiamu (mu mawonekedwe a zowonjezera) mukudya, kuyamwa kwachitsulo kumatsekedwa, koma kutenga ma calcium owonjezera mosiyana ndi chakudya sikumakhudza izi mwanjira iliyonse.

Zothandiza zimatha kashiamu ndi zotsatira zake pa thupi

Pafupifupi calcium yonse ya m'thupi (kuyambira 1 mpaka 1.5 kg) imapezeka m'mafupa ndi mano. Calcium imakhudzidwa ndi kusangalatsa kwa minofu yamanjenje, kukomoka kwa minofu, kuphatikizika kwa magazi, ndi gawo la phata ndi nembanemba ya maselo, madzi am'ma cell ndi minofu, imakhala ndi antiallergic ndi anti-yotupa, imalepheretsa acidosis, imayambitsa zingapo. ma enzymes ndi mahomoni. Calcium imagwiranso ntchito pakuwongolera ma permeability a cell membranes, imakhala ndi zotsatira zotsutsana ndi sodium.

Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa calcium

Zizindikiro za kusowa kwa calcium m'thupi ndi izi, poyang'ana koyamba, zizindikiro zosagwirizana:

• mantha, kuwonongeka kwa maganizo;
• mtima;
• kupweteka, dzanzi la miyendo;
• kukula mochedwa ndi ana;
• kuthamanga kwa magazi;
• delamination ndi fragility wa misomali;
• kupweteka m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, kutsitsa "malo opweteka";
• kusamba kwambiri.
• Zifukwa za kuchepa kwa calcium

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa kashiamu zingakhale zakudya zopanda malire (makamaka kusala kudya), calcium yochepa m'zakudya, kusuta komanso kulakalaka khofi ndi zakumwa za caffeine, dysbiosis, matenda a impso, chithokomiro, mimba, kuyamwitsa ndi kusintha kwa thupi.

Zizindikiro za calcium yambiri

Kashiamu wochulukirachulukira, womwe ukhoza kuchitika ndi kumwa mopitirira muyeso wa mkaka kapena kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosalamulirika kwa mankhwala, umakhala ndi ludzu lalikulu, nseru, kusanza, kusafuna kudya, kufooka, ndi kukodza kowonjezereka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito calcium m'moyo wanthawi zonse

Kashiamu wapeza ntchito mu metallothermic kupanga uranium, mu mawonekedwe a mankhwala achilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira kupanga gypsum ndi simenti, monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo (odziwika bwino bulitchi).