Kashiamu (Ca)

Kulongosola mwachidule

Calcium ndi mchere wachisanu kwambiri m'thupi, zoposa 5% zake zomwe zili m'mafupa ngati molekyulu yovuta ya calcium phosphate. Mcherewu umapereka mphamvu ya mafupa, kuyenda, komanso kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Calcium ndi mafupa abwino, mitsempha ya magazi, kagayidwe kake ka mahomoni, mayamwidwe azinthu zomwe zimafalitsa komanso kufalitsa kwa zikhumbo zamitsempha. Kagayidwe kake kamayendetsedwa ndi mayendedwe atatu akulu: mayamwidwe am'matumbo, kubwezeretsanso aimpso ndi kagayidwe kamapapo[1].

Mbiri yakupeza

Chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16, madotolo achi Dutch adazindikira kuti mafupawo ndi minofu yolimba, yotengera mahomoni ndipo amatha kukonzanso moyo wawo wonse. Kupeza kwina kofunika m'mbiri ya calcium kunapangidwa pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo pomwe Sidney Ringer adazindikira kuti kupindika kwa minofu yamtima kudalimbikitsidwa ndikusungidwa powonjezera calcium ku madzi amadzimadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kwawonetsedwa kuti ntchito ya calcium imathandizira m'maselo ena amthupi.[3].

Zakudya zokhala ndi calcium

Ananena pafupifupi kupezeka kwa mg mu 100 g ya mankhwala[3]:

Zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku

Palibe kuyerekezera kotsika kashiamu kuti adye tsiku lililonse. Kupatula pazosiyanitsa zochepa, monga kusala kudya kwambiri kapena hyperparathyroidism, kuzungulira kwa calcium m'magazi kumakhalabe kokwanira ngakhale ndi kuperewera kwakanthawi, chifukwa thupi limagwiritsa ntchito calcium m'mafupa kuti likhale ndi thanzi. Chifukwa chake, chofunikira cha calcium tsiku ndi tsiku chimatengera kuwerengera kokhudzana ndi anthu athanzi opanda matenda okhalitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kumeneku kukuwonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa calcium pang'ono ndikokwanira kwa anthu ena.

Pakati pa mimba, mafupa a amayi sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osungira zosowa za fetus calcium. Mahomoni olamulira a calcium amayang'anira mayamwidwe amchere mayi kuti calcium yomwe imadya mukamakhala ndi pakati sayenera kuwonjezeka kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa kudya kashiamu sikungapewe kutaya kashiamu m'mafupa a amayi panthawi yoyamwitsa, koma calcium yomwe yatayika imabwezeretsedwanso pambuyo posiya kuyamwa. Chifukwa chake, zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku za calcium mwa amayi omwe akuyamwitsa ndizofanana ndi amayi osayamwitsa.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kudya kwa calcium kumatha kuganiziridwa ngati:

  • ndi amenorrhea: chifukwa chakulimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena anorexia, amenorrhea imabweretsa kuchepa kwa calcium yosungidwa, kuyamwa kwake kofooka, komanso kuchepa kwa mafupa;
  • Menopausal: Kuchepetsa kupanga kwa estrogen pakutha kwa thupi kumalumikizidwa ndi kufulumira kwa mafupa pazaka 5. Maseŵera otsika a estrogen amatsagana ndi kuyamwa kashiamu kochepa komanso kuchuluka kwa mafupa.
  • chifukwa cha kusalolera kwa lactose: Anthu amene salola lactose ndipo amapewa mkaka akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo cha kuchepa kwa calcium. Ndizosangalatsa kuzindikira kuti ngakhale kusagwirizana kwa lactose, calcium yomwe imapezeka mu mkaka imatengedwa bwino;
  • ndi zamasamba kapena zamasamba: kupezeka kwa calcium kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi zakudya zamasamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma oxalic ndi phytic acid, omwe amapezeka m'masamba ambiri ndi nyemba;
  • mukamadyetsa ana angapo: Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mkaka wa m'mawere mukamadyetsa ana angapo, madotolo angaganize zowonjezera calcium ndi magnesium panthawi yoyamwitsa[2].

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe zambiri za Calcium (Ca) pamalo ogulitsa pa intaneti akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pazinthu zachilengedwe. Pali zinthu zopitilira 30,000 zokonda zachilengedwe, mitengo yowoneka bwino komanso kukwezedwa pafupipafupi, kosalekeza 5% kuchotsera ndi nambala yampikisano CGD4899, kutumiza kwaulere padziko lonse lapansi kulipo.

Zothandiza zimatha kashiamu ndi zotsatira zake pa thupi

Thupi la munthu wamkulu lili ndi pafupifupi 1200 g ya calcium, yomwe ndi pafupifupi 1-2% ya kulemera kwa thupi. Mwa izi, 99% imapezeka m'matumba amchere monga mafupa ndi mano, komwe imapezeka ngati calcium phosphate ndi calcium calciumate yaying'ono, yomwe imapangitsa kuti mafupa akhale olimba. 1% imapezeka m'magazi, madzi owonjezera, ma minofu ndi ziwalo zina. Imathandizira kuthana ndi kupindika kwa mitsempha ndi kupumula, kupindika kwa minofu, kuwonetsa mitsempha, komanso kutulutsa kwaminyewa.[5].

Kudya kashiamu wokwanira kuli ndi maubwino ambiri mthupi. Calcium imathandiza:

  • kuonetsetsa kuti mafupa ndi mano akukula bwino;
  • kuthandiza ntchito ya zimakhala, maselo amene nthawi zonse amafuna kotunga ake - mu mtima, minofu ndi ziwalo zina;
  • ntchito ya mitsempha ndi mitsempha pakufikitsa zikhumbo;
  • phatikizani zinthu monga mavitamini D, K, magnesium ndi phosphorous;
  • sungani njira za mapangidwe a thrombus;
  • sungani ntchito yabwinobwino yama enzymes am'mimba[4].

Kashiamu amatengedwa ndi yogwira zoyendera ndi kungokhala chete kufalikira kudzera m'matumbo mucosa. Kuyendera kwa calcium yogwira ntchito kumafuna mtundu wokangalika wa vitamini D ndipo kumapereka mayamwidwe ambiri a kashiamu pamlingo wochepera kapena wocheperako, komanso munthawi yakufunika mwachangu monga kukula, mimba, kapena kuyamwitsa. Kufalikira kwapang'onopang'ono kumakhala kofunika kwambiri ndi kudya kokwanira komanso kokwanira kwa calcium.

Ndi kuchepa kashiamu, kuyamwa kwa calcium kumawonjezera (komanso mosemphanitsa). Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa kuyamwa kwa calcium nthawi zambiri sikokwanira kubweza kuchepa kwa calcium yomwe imachitika ndikuchepa kwa chakudya cha calcium. Kuyamwa kwa calcium kumachepa ndi msinkhu mwa amuna ndi akazi. Calcium imatulutsidwa mumkodzo ndi ndowe[2].

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuphatikiza ndi calcium

  • Kashiamu + InulinInulin ndi mtundu wa fiber womwe umathandiza kulinganiza mabakiteriya abwino m'matumbo. Kuphatikiza apo, zimathandiza kulimbikitsa mafupa polimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa calcium. Inulin imapezeka muzakudya monga artichokes, anyezi, adyo, anyezi wobiriwira, chicory, nthochi, tirigu wonse, katsitsumzukwa.
  • Kashiamu + Vitamini DZinthu ziwirizi ndizogwirizana. Thupi limafunikira vitamini D wokwanira kuti atenge calcium[6].
  • Calcium + MagnesiumMagnesium imathandizira kuyamwa kwa calcium kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku mafupa. Popanda magnesium, calcium metabolism ndizosatheka. Magwero abwino a magnesium ndi masamba obiriwira, broccoli, nkhaka, nyemba zobiriwira, udzu winawake, ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana.[7].

Kuyamwa kwa calcium kumadalira kudya kwa vitamini D komanso udindo wake. Mphamvu ya kuyamwa ikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za thupi pa calcium ndipo zimadalira mulingo wake. Zakudya zoletsa kuyamwa kwa calcium zimaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimapanga zovuta m'matumbo. Mapuloteni ndi sodium amathanso kusintha kupezeka kwa calcium, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa calcium kumapangitsa kukodza kwamikodzo. Ngakhale kuchuluka komwe kumalowa m'matumbo kumawonjezeka, kumapeto kwake kumatha kuchepa kwa calcium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi thupi. Lactose, kumbali inayo, imalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa calcium.[8].

Kutsekemera kwa calcium pamatumbo kumachitika kudzera pa vitamini D komanso njira yodziyimira pawokha ya vitamini D. Duodenum ndiye gwero lalikulu la kuyamwa kwa calcium, ngakhale matumbo onse ang'ono ndi akulu nawonso amathandizira. Pafupifupi 60-70% ya calcium imabwezeretsedwanso mu impso mothandizidwa ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe chimapangidwa pakubwezeretsanso kwa sodium ndi madzi. Wina 10% amatenga maselo a nephron[9].

Malamulo ophika

Kafukufuku wambiri wachitika pofuna kudziwa momwe kukonzekera chakudya kumakhudzira kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi mavitamini m'zakudya. Monga mchere wina, calcium imaphwanyidwa ndi 30-40 peresenti poyerekeza ndi zakudya zosaphika. Zowonongeka zinali makamaka zamasamba. Mwa njira zosiyanasiyana zophikira, kutayika kwa mchere kunali kwakukulu kwambiri pamene akufinya atawiritsa ndi kuviika m'madzi atasenga, kenako nkukazinga, kukazinga, ndi kuotcha. Komanso, zotsatira zake zinali zofanana pophika kunyumba komanso kupanga zambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kashiamu panthawi yophika, amalangizidwa kuti azidya zakudya zophika ndi msuzi, kuwonjezera mchere pang'ono pophika, osaphika chakudya, ndikusankha njira zophika zomwe zimasunga zopindulitsa za chakudya momwe mungathere. .[10].

Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala

Calcium ndiyofunikira pakukula ndi kusamalira mafupa ndi mano athanzi. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti, makamaka akaphatikiza ndi vitamini D, calcium imatha kuchepetsa kufooka kwa mafupa. Osteoporosis ndi matenda omwe amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Amakonda kwambiri akazi pa nthawi yoleka kusamba. Pali njira zingapo zochepetsera kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa mafupa komwe kumakhudzana ndi kufooka kwa mafupa, kuphatikiza kukulitsa mafupa ndikuchepetsa mafupa pambuyo pake m'moyo. Pachifukwa ichi, calcium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa vitamini D kumatsimikizira kuyamwa kwa calcium m'thupi.

Pali njira zingapo zopezera mafupa apamwamba, kuphatikiza masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kuthamanga ndi kulimbitsa thupi kuphatikiza ndi calcium yokwanira (1200 mg / tsiku) ndi vitamini D (600 IU / tsiku) ali mwana. Ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kuyenda, kusambira, ndi kupalasa njinga kumathandizanso paumoyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafupa atayike ndizochepa.

Calcium, monga micronutrients ina, imatha kukhala ndi vuto pa khansa ya m'matumbo. Kuwonjezera 1200-2000 mg ya calcium patsiku pa zakudya zawonetsedwa kuti zimapangitsa kuchepa pang'ono kwa khansa ya m'mimba m'mayesero azachipatala. Ophunzira omwe ali ndi calcium yokwanira kwambiri (1087 mg / tsiku kuchokera pazakudya ndi zowonjezera) anali 22% ocheperako kudwala khansa, poyerekeza ndi omwe amadya kwambiri (732 mg / tsiku). M'maphunziro ambiri, kuchepa pang'ono pangozi kudadziwika ndi calcium supplementation. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndimachitidwe osiyanasiyana kashiamu mwa anthu osiyanasiyana.[4].

Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti kumwa calcium zowonjezera zowonjezera kumatha kuthandizira kupewa kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa amayi apakati ndi preeclampsia. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pa sabata la 20 la mimba, pomwe mayi wapakati amatenga matenda oopsa komanso mapuloteni owonjezera mumkodzo. Ndicho chomwe chimayambitsa kufala kwa amayi ndi makanda komanso kufa, komwe kumakhudza pafupifupi 5-8% ya mimba ku United States mpaka 14% ya mimba padziko lonse lapansi. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti calcium supplementation panthawi yoyembekezera imachepetsa chiopsezo cha preeclampsia, koma maubwino awa amangowonekera m'magulu omwe alibe calcium. Mwachitsanzo, pakuyesa kwamankhwala kwa azimayi 524 athanzi ku India omwe ali ndi calcium m'munsi mwa 314 mg / tsiku, 2000 mg ya calcium tsiku ndi tsiku yochokera m'masabata 12-25 atabereka mpaka kubereka yachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha preeclampsia ndi preterm labor poyerekeza ndi placebo. …. Kafukufuku wofanananso ku United States (komwe kudya kashiamu tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala koyenera) sikuwonetsa zotsatira. Zotsatira zazikulu kwambiri zinali mwa azimayi omwe amadya calcium osakwana 900 mg patsiku.[11].

Amakhulupirira kuti amayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito calcium zowonjezera zakudya ndikusankha zakudya zoyenera amakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa chazakugunda zaka 14. Komabe, madokotala amachenjeza kuti pamenepo chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtima chikuwonjezeka.[4].

Calcium panthawi yoyembekezera

Mabungwe angapo aukadaulo amalimbikitsa kuti pakhale ma calcium owonjezera pa nthawi ya mimba kwa amayi omwe amamwa kashiamu yochepa kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha preeclampsia. Mwachitsanzo, American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) imanena kuti calcium zowonjezera tsiku lililonse za 1500-2000 mg zimatha kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa preeclampsia mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi calcium yosakwana 600 mg / tsiku. Momwemonso, bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) limalimbikitsa 1500-2000 mg wa calcium kwa amayi apakati omwe amadya zakudya zochepa za calcium, makamaka omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda oopsa a gestational. WHO imalimbikitsa kugawa mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku kukhala katatu, womwe uyenera kutengedwa ndi chakudya, kuyambira sabata la 20 la mimba mpaka pobereka. WHO imalimbikitsanso kugawa zakudya za calcium ndi ayironi kwa amayi apakati m'magulu angapo kuti achepetse kulepheretsa kwa calcium pamayamwidwe a iron. Koma ofufuza ena amatsutsa kuti kuyanjana kumeneku kuli ndi zofunikira zochepa zachipatala ndipo amanena kuti opanga motero amalepheretsa odwala kugawanitsa zowonjezera kuti achepetse regimen ndikuthandizira kutsata. Bungwe la Canada Working Group on Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy, International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnant Women ndi Society of Obstetric Medicine ya Australia ndi New Zealand apereka malangizo ofanana.[11].

Calcium mu mankhwala achikhalidwe

Mankhwala achikhalidwe amazindikira kuti calcium ndi mchere wofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi la mafupa, minofu, mano ndi mtima. Maphikidwe ambiri a anthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa mafupa - pakati pawo kugwiritsa ntchito mazira, mankhwala a lactic acid (mwachitsanzo, otchedwa "kefir diet", momwe wodwalayo amamwa magalasi 6 a kefir yamafuta ochepa patsiku kuti apewe matenda oopsa. matenda a shuga mellitus, atherosulinosis). Kuwonjezeka kwa calcium kudya kumalangizidwanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB. Kuphatikiza apo, maphikidwe a anthu amaganiziranso zotsatira za kudya kwambiri kwa calcium, monga mwachitsanzo, miyala ya impso. Ndi matendawa, amalangizidwanso, kuwonjezera pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusintha zakudya. Ndibwino kuti muphatikizepo mkate wa wholemeal muzakudya, kupewa zakudya zoyengeka, shuga ndi mkaka[12].

Calcium mu kafukufuku waposachedwa wasayansi

  • Ofufuza apeza kuti calcium yochulukirapo m'maselo aubongo imatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale masango owopsa omwe amadziwika ndi matenda a Parkinson. Gulu lapadziko lonse lotsogozedwa ndi University of Cambridge lapeza kuti calcium imatha kuyanjanitsa kulumikizana pakati pamagulu ang'onoang'ono am'mimbamo mkati mwa mathero omwe ndiofunikira pakuwonetsa ma neuronal muubongo ndi alpha-synuclein, puloteni yokhudzana ndi matenda a Parkinson. Kuchuluka kwa calcium kapena alpha-synuclein kumatha kuyambitsa unyolo womwe umayambitsa kufa kwama cell amubongo. Kuzindikira udindo wa alpha synuclein muzochita zathupi kapena zamatenda kumatha kuthandizira kukhazikitsa chithandizo chatsopano cha matenda a Parkinson. Mwachitsanzo, pali kuthekera kwakuti mankhwala omwe adapangidwa kuti atseke calcium mu matenda amtima amathanso kuthana ndi matenda a Parkinson.[15].
  • Kafukufuku watsopano wasayansi woperekedwa ku American College of Cardiac Science Sessions a Intermountain Institute of Public Health ku Salt Lake City akuwonetsa kuti kuzindikira kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa calcium m'mitsempha yamitsempha kumatha kuthandizira kudziwa kuopsa kwa matenda amtima. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu amatha kuchitidwa osati kungodziwa matenda amtsogolo, komanso ngati zizindikilo zilipo kale. Kuyesaku kunakhudza odwala 5547 omwe alibe mbiri yamatenda amtima omwe adapita kuchipatala ndi kupweteka pachifuwa pakati pa Epulo 2013 ndi Juni 2016. Adapeza kuti odwala omwe anali ndi calcium yamatenda pamiyeso anali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala mtima mkati mwa masiku 90 poyerekeza ndi odwala omwe analibe calcium pa CT. Ofufuzawo apezanso kuti odwala omwe ali ndi calcium amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda owopsa amitsempha, revascularization, ndi / kapena zovuta zina zoyipa zamtima mzaka zotsatira.[14].
  • Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi calcium yambiri kapena kuidya monga mankhwala owonjezera zakudya sikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kuchepa kwa macular okalamba, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa US National Eye Institute. Matendawa ndi omwe amachititsa kutayika kwamaso ndi khungu pakati pa anthu azaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo ku United States. Zotsatirazo zidasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya JAMA Ophthalmology. Zotsatirazi zikutsutsana ndi kafukufuku wakale wosonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwama calcium kambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kufalikira kwa kuchepa kwa macular okalamba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumatsimikizira kuti calcium, m'malo mwake, imateteza pankhaniyi.[13].

Kugwiritsa ntchito calcium mu cosmetology

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa thanzi la mafupa, mano ndi ziwalo za thupi, calcium ndiyofunikanso pakhungu. Ambiri mwa iwo amapezeka pakatikati pakhungu (epidermis), pomwe calcium yawonetsedwa kuti ndiyomwe ikubwezeretsanso zotchinga ndi homeostasis (njira yodzichiritsira momwe kuchuluka kwa magawo pakhungu kumathandizira nambala ya maselo otayika). Keratinocytes - maselo a epidermis - amafunikira kuchuluka kwa calcium m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kusinthidwa kwatsopano (pafupifupi masiku 60 aliwonse, epidermis imasinthidwa kwathunthu, m'malo mwa ma keratinocyte opitilira 80 biliyoni mthupi la munthu wamkulu), khungu lathu pamapeto pake limayamba kukalamba, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa ma keratinocyte kumachepa kwambiri. Kukalamba kumalumikizidwa ndi kupatulira kwa epidermis, elastosis, kuchepa kwa zotchinga, komanso kutayika kwa melanocytes. Popeza kusiyanitsa kwa keratinocytes kumadalira kwambiri calcium, kumathandizanso pakukalamba pakhungu. Zawonetsedwa kuti khungu la khungu la khungu, lomwe limalimbikitsa kukula kwa ma keratinocyte ndikulola kusiyanasiyana kwawo, limatayika pakukalamba pakhungu.[16].

Kuphatikiza apo, calcium oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cosmetology ngati chowongolera cha acidity komanso choyamwa. Amapezeka muzinthu monga zodzoladzola, mchere wosambira, thovu lometa, mankhwala osamalira pakamwa ndi tsitsi.[17].

Calcium ya kuchepa thupi

Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti calcium supplementation ingathandize kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Lingaliro limeneli linachokera pa mfundo yakuti kudya kashiamu wambiri kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kashiamu m'maselo amafuta, kumachepetsa kupanga kwa hormone ya parathyroid ndi mawonekedwe a vitamini D. mafuta ndikuletsa kudzikundikira kwamafuta m'maselo awa. Kuonjezera apo, calcium yochokera ku zakudya kapena zowonjezera zimatha kumanga mafuta ochepa a zakudya m'mimba ndikusokoneza kuyamwa kwa mafutawo. Zakudya za mkaka, makamaka, zingakhale ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kulemera kwa thupi kusiyana ndi zomwe zingayembekezere kuchokera ku calcium. Mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni ndi zigawo zina za mkaka zimatha kusintha mahomoni omwe amawongolera chilakolako cha kudya.

Kafukufuku wopangidwa mwachisawawa wa 2014 wa anyamata athanzi 15 adapeza kuti zakudya zokhala ndi mkaka wambiri kapena tchizi (zopatsa 1700 mg / tsiku la calcium) zimachulukitsa kutulutsa kwamafuta m'chimbudzi poyerekeza ndi zakudya zowongolera zomwe zimapatsa calcium 500 mg / tsiku. Komabe, zotsatira za mayesero a zachipatala omwe anafufuza zotsatira za calcium pa kulemera kwa thupi zinali zoipa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, 1500 mg / tsiku supplementation adafufuzidwa mwa akuluakulu 340 onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri omwe amamwa calcium 878 mg / tsiku (gulu lachipatala) ndi 887 mg / tsiku (gulu la placebo). Poyerekeza ndi placebo, calcium supplementation kwa zaka 2 inalibe zotsatira zachipatala pa kulemera.

Mfundo Zokondweretsa

  • Kashiamu yake yoyera, yoyera ndi chitsulo chofewa chamchere chamchere. Ndikofunika kuzindikira, komabe, kuti calcium siyipezeka konse m'chigawo chokhachi, koma imakhalapo ndi mankhwala. Mankhwala a calcium amapezeka mumchere wosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza miyala yamwala (calcium carbonate), gypsum (calcium sulfate), ndi fluorite (calcium fluoride). Calcium amapanga pafupifupi 4,2 peresenti ya kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi polemera.
  • Pofuna kupatula calcium yoyera, electrolysis imagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi molunjika kuti ipatule zinthu kuchokera kuzinthu zawo zachilengedwe. Pambuyo pa kudzipatula, calcium imayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo ikakumana ndi mpweya imapanga zokutira zoyera ndi zoyera za nitride.
  • Calcium oxide, yomwe imatchedwanso laimu, imatulutsa kuwala kowala kwambiri ikakumana ndi lawi la oxygen-hydrogen. M’zaka za m’ma 1800, magetsi asanayambe kupangidwa, gululi linkagwiritsidwa ntchito pounikira malo ochitira masewera. Kuchokera apa m'Chingerezi pamabwera mawu oti "in the limelight" - "kukhala pamalo owonekera."
  • Akatswiri azakudya ambiri amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa calcium ya 2: 1 mpaka magnesium. Koma ngakhale thupi lathu limafunikira calcium yambiri, timakhala osowa kwambiri mu magnesium. Izi ndichifukwa choti matupi athu amakonda kusunga ndikusintha calcium, pomwe magnesium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kutulutsidwa mthupi ndipo imayenera kudzazidwanso tsiku lililonse.[19].

Contraindications ndi kusamala

Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa calcium

Kuperewera kwa calcium nthawi yayitali kumatha kubwera chifukwa chodya moperewera kapena kuyamwa kwamatumbo. Komanso, kulephera kwa impso, kuchepa kwa vitamini D komanso kuchepa kwa magnesium yamagazi kumatha kuyambitsa. Pakuchepa kwakanthawi kashiamu, mcherewo umayamwa kuchokera m'mafupa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino, motero zimafooketsa mafupa. Zotsatira zake, kuchepa kwa calcium kambiri kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa mafupa ndi kufooka kwa mafupa. Zotsatira zakusowa kwa calcium ndi osteopenia, kufooka kwa mafupa komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha mafupa.[2].

Zizindikiro za hypocalcemia zimaphatikizapo kufooka kwa zala, kukokana kwa minofu, kugwedezeka, kufooka, kusowa njala, komanso nyimbo zosadziwika bwino. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo mwachangu, kuchepa kwa calcium kumatha kupha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala ngati mukuganiza kuti mulibe calcium.[4].

Zizindikiro za calcium yowonjezera

Zomwe zilipo pazotsatira zoyipa zakudya kashiamu wochuluka mwa anthu zimachokera makamaka ku maphunziro owonjezera. Zina mwazotsatira zoyipa za calcium yochulukirapo m'thupi, zitatu zomwe zimawerengedwa komanso zofunikira kwambiri mwachilengedwe ndi izi:

  • miyala mu impso;
  • hypercalcemia ndi kulephera kwaimpso;
  • mogwirizana calcium ndi mayamwidwe ena kufufuza zinthu[2].

Zizindikiro zina za calcium yochulukirapo zimaphatikizapo kusowa kwa njala, nseru, kusanza, kusokonezeka, ndi kukomoka.

Malire a calcium ndi 1000-1500 mg / tsiku mwa makanda, 2,500 mg / tsiku mwa ana 1 mpaka 8 wazaka, 3000 mg / tsiku mwa ana azaka 9 komanso achinyamata azaka 18. Akuluakulu, chizolowezi ndi 2,500 mg / tsiku, ndipo patatha zaka 51 - 2,000 mg / tsiku.[4].

Kuyanjana ndi zinthu zina

  • Caffeine. Caffeine imatha kuwonjezera kuchepa kwa calcium ndikuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa calcium. Tisaiwale kuti zotsatira za tiyi kapena khofi amakhalabe ochepa; zotsatirazi zimawonedwa makamaka mwa amayi omwe samadya calcium yokwanira pakutha kwa thupi.
  • Mankhwala enaake a. Kuperewera pang'ono kapena kwakukulu kwa magnesium kumatha kubweretsa ku hypocalcemia. Komabe, malinga ndi kafukufuku wamasabata atatu momwe magnesium idachotsedweratu pazakudya, zidapezeka kuti ngakhale kuchepa pang'ono kwa magnesium komwe kumadya kumatha kubweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa seramu calcium.
  • Oxalic acid imatha kusokoneza kuyamwa kwa calcium. Zakudya za Oxalic acid zimaphatikizapo sipinachi, mbatata, rhubarb, ndi nyemba.
  • Phosphorous. Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous kumatha kusokoneza kuyamwa kwa calcium. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa kashiamu komwe kumadyedwa ndikokwanira, ndiye kuti mwayi wa izi umachepa. Phosphorus imapezeka makamaka mumkaka, kola ndi zakumwa zina zoziziritsa kukhosi, ndi nyama.
  • Phytic asidi. Ikhoza kusokoneza kuyamwa kwa calcium. Amapezeka mu mkate wopanda chotupitsa, nyemba zosaphika, mtedza, mbewu, ndi soya.
  • Mapuloteni. Amakhulupirira kuti zakudya zomanga thupi zimatha kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa calcium mkodzo. Nkhaniyi ikufufuzidwabe ndi asayansi.
  • Sodium. Kudya pang'ono komanso kokwanira kwa sodium chloride (mchere) kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa calcium yomwe imatuluka m'thupi mkodzo. Panali umboni wosadziwika kuti mchere umatha kusokoneza mafupa. Mpaka pano, mulingo woyenera wa calcium wambiri malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere sunasindikizidwe.
  • Nthaka. Calcium ndi zinc zimalowa mu gawo limodzi la matumbo, chifukwa chake zimatha kuthandizira machitidwe amadzimadzi. Mlingo waukulu wa zinc wambiri ukhoza kusokoneza kuyamwa kwa calcium. Makamaka ayenera kulipira izi kwa azimayi okalamba, omwe calcium imadzichepetsera yokha mthupi, ndipo ndikulandila zowonjezera zowonjezera zinc, imatha kutsika kwambiri.
  • Chitsulo. Calcium ikhoza kusokoneza kuyamwa kwa chitsulo m'thupi[3].

Kuyanjana ndi mankhwala

Mankhwala ena amatha kusokoneza kagayidwe kake ka calcium, makamaka pakukulitsa kashiamu wamikodzo motero kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa calcium. Amadziwika kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya glucocortisoids pakupezeka kwa kufooka kwa mafupa ndi kutayika kwa mafupa, mosasamala zaka ndi jenda. Corticosteroids imakulitsa kashiamu osati mumkodzo wokha, komanso pampando, ndipo chifukwa chake, zimasokoneza calcium.

Tasonkhanitsa mfundo zofunika kwambiri za calcium mu fanizoli ndipo tikhala othokoza ngati mutagawana chithunzichi pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kapena pa blog, yolumikizana ndi tsambali:

Magwero azidziwitso
  1. Weaver CM, Peacock M.. Kupita patsogolo kwazakudya zabwino (Bethesda Md.), 2 (3), 290-292. onetsani: 10.3945 / an.111.000463
  2. Jennifer J. Otten, Jennifer Pitzi Hellwig, ndi Linda D. Meyers. "Kashiamu". Zolemba Zakudya Zakudya: Buku Lofunika Kwambiri Pazofunikira Za Zakudya. 2006. 286-95.
  3. Kipple, Kenneth F, ndi Orneals, Kriemhild Conee. "Kashiamu". Mbiri Yapadziko Lonse ya Chakudya ku Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2012. 785-97. Mbiri Yapadziko Lonse ya Chakudya ku Cambridge.
  4. Gwero la Zowona za Nutri
  5. Cashman, K. (2002). Kudya kwa calcium, bioavailability ya calcium komanso thanzi la mafupa. Briteni Journal of Nutrition, 87 (S2), S169-S177. onetsani: 10.1079 / BJN / 2002534
  6. Zakudya Zapamwamba Kwambiri za 7, gwero
  7. Zakudya ndi Malangizo a Akazi,
  8. SJ Fairweather-Tait, S. Southon. (Adasankhidwa) Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Kope Lachiwiri), 2003.
  9. MBUYA Clarkson, CN Magee, BM Brenner. Pocket Companion kwa Brenner ndi Rector's Impso. Kutulutsa Kwachiwiri, 2.
  10. Kimura M., Itokawa Y. Kuphika kwakuchepa kwa mchere m'zakudya komanso kufunika kwake m'thupi. Zolemba pa Nutritional Science Vitaminol. 1990; 36. Wowonjezera 1: S25-32; zokambirana S33.
  11. Ma National Institutes of Health. Ofesi Yowonjezera Zakudya. Calcium. Zolemba za Othandizira Zaumoyo. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheers/Calcium-HealthProfessional/#h7
  12. Uzhegov, G. Mankhwala achikhalidwe: Buku latsatanetsatane kwambiri. 2007 chaka.
  13. Alanna K. Tisdale, Elvira Agrón, Sarah B. Sunshine, Traci E. Clemons, Frederick L. Ferris, Emily Y. Chew. Mgwirizano wa Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zam'madzi Ndi Kusintha Kwazaka Zambiri Zazaka. JAMA Ophthalmology, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0292
  14. Malo Ochipatala a Intermountain. "Kashiamu m'mitsempha amawonetsedwa kuti amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha odwala chodwala matenda a mtima." Sayansi Tsiku ndi Tsiku. Marichi 16, 2019. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190316162159.htm
  15. Janin Lautenschläger, Amberley D. Stephens, Giuliana Fusco, Florian Ströhl, Nathan Curry, Maria Zacharopoulou, Claire H. Michel, Romain Laine, Nadezhda Nespovitaya, Marcus Fantham, Dorothea Pinotsi, Wagner Zago, Paul Fraser, Anurag Tandon, Peter St George- Hyslop, Eric Rees, Jonathan J. Phillips, Alfonso De Simone, Clemens F. Kaminski, Gabriele S. Kaminski Schierle. C-terminal calcium kumanga kwa α-synuclein modulates synaptic vesicle kulumikizana. Kulumikizana Kwachilengedwe, 2018; 9 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03111-4
  16. Ubwino Wamagulu a Calcium Skincare - Kukonza Khungu Lakale - L'Oréal Paris,
  17. Calcium oxide, gwero
  18. Zowonjezera Zakudya Zochepetsa Kunenepa. Pepala Loyenera la Akatswiri azaumoyo,
  19. Zambiri Zokhudza calcium, gwero
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