Carp nsomba: makhalidwe ndi moyo

Nsomba zamtundu wambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi nsomba za crucian, zomwe zimakhala zamadzimadzi, zopezeka paliponse, zokoma komanso zokondedwa ndi ambiri. Mutha kulipeza mu dziwe lililonse, ngakhale laling'ono kwambiri, pomwe kuligwira nthawi zambiri kumachitika pa zida zakale kwambiri. Kenako, timapereka kuphunzira zonse za carp kuyambira A mpaka Z.

Kufotokozera

Crucian carp ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa anthu okhala m'madera a ichthy; imapezeka m'nyanja ndi maiwe omwe ali ndi madzi osasunthika, komanso m'mitsinje yoyenda bwino. Ndi wa gulu la nsomba za lecheperid, kuyitanitsa ma cyprinids, ma cyprinids a banja. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana, popeza malo ogawa ndi aakulu kwambiri. Sizovuta kuzisiyanitsa ndi anthu ena onse a m'madzi, chifukwa izi ndi zokwanira kungowona ndi maso anu.

Ichi ndi "umunthu" wosaiŵalika, kufotokozera kumaperekedwa bwino mu mawonekedwe a tebulo:

Kutalika kumatha kufika 60 cm, ndi kulemera nthawi yomweyo mpaka 5 kg.

Kodi crucian amakhala zaka zingati? Kutalika kumadalira pazifukwa zambiri, zomwe mitunduyo ndi yofunika kwambiri. Wamba amakhala ndi nthawi ya zaka 12, koma siliva ndi wocheperapo kuposa izi, osapitilira zaka 9.

Habitat

Oimira a cyprinids ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri, ndi oyenera pafupifupi madzi aliwonse okhala ndi moyo. Mutha kuzipeza popanda mavuto m'mitsinje yoyera bwino, m'mayiwe okhala ndi silt ndi zomera zambiri. Mitsinje yamapiri ndi nyanja zokha zomwe sizimakonda, m'malo amadzi oterowo samazika mizu konse.

Tsopano ndizovuta kudziwa komwe nsomba zodziwika bwino zimachokera, zimadziwika m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa anthu. Zochita zachuma zidamupangitsa kuti afalikire ku:

• Poland
• Germany;
• Italy;
• Portugal;
• Hungary;
• Romania;
• Great Britain;
• Belarus;
• Kazakhstan;
• Mongolia;
• China;
• Korea.

Malo osungira kumpoto ndi chimodzimodzi, madzi ozizira a Siberia, Kolyma, Primorye akhala pafupifupi mbadwa kwa woimira banja la carp. Carp samatengedwa ngati chidwi ku USA, Thailand, Pakistan, India ndi mayiko ena achilendo kwa ife.

zakudya

Woimira cyprinids uyu amaonedwa kuti ndi omnivorous, chifukwa palibe mankhwala osadyedwa. Komabe, zomwe amakonda zimasiyana malinga ndi siteji ya chitukuko ndi zaka:

• mwachangu, yomwe yangowonekera kumene kuchokera ku dzira, imagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili mu chikhodzodzo cha yolk kwa moyo wabwinobwino;
• daphnia ndi buluu wobiriwira algae kukoma kwa anthu omwe akupitirizabe kukula;
• mwezi umadutsa ku mphutsi zamagazi ndi mphutsi zina zazing'ono za mtsinje;
• akuluakulu ali ndi tebulo losiyanasiyana, izi zimaphatikizapo annelids, crustaceans yaing'ono, mphutsi za tizilombo, mizu ya zomera za m'madzi, zimayambira, duckweed, algae.

Ena mwa oimirawo amakhala ma gourmets enieni, chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa anthu, tirigu wophika, zinyenyeswazi za mkate, mtanda ndi batala wakhala pafupifupi chizolowezi kwa iwo. Ikugwiritsa ntchito izi kuti mutha kugwira kuchuluka kwa ichthyite iyi. Komabe, crucian carp nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda mphamvu, tsiku lomwelo pamtsinje womwewo imatha kutenga nyambo zosiyana kwambiri.

mitundu

Carp predator kapena ayi? Woimira cyprinids uyu amatchulidwa ngati nsomba zamtendere, komabe, nthawi zina anthu akuluakulu amatha kudya zokazinga zamtundu wawo. Koma si aliyense amene angathe kuchita zimenezi, mitundu ina ya mtundu ndi herbivores kwathunthu.

Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo, iliyonse yomwe imasiyana ndi wachibale wake mawonekedwe. Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri mwatsatanetsatane.

Golide kapena wamba (Carassius carassius)

Ichi ndi chiwindi chachitali pakati pa mtundu wake, munthu wamkulu amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 5, pomwe malinga ndi magawo amatha kufikira:

• kutalika - 50-60 cm;
• kulemera mpaka 6 kg.

Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pa zaka 3-4, pamene wamba kapena golide ali ndi izi:

• thupi limapangidwa mozungulira, lozungulira komanso lalitali;
• chipsepse chapamphuno ndi chokwera, chamtundu wa bulauni mofanana ndi caudal;
• kuthako limodzi ndi pamimba zophatikizana zimakhala ndi utoto wofiyira;
• mamba ndi akulu, amakhala ndi utoto wamkuwa;
• palibe mtundu wa pigment pamimba, koma kumbuyo kuli ndi mtundu wa bulauni.

Ali ndi malo okhala ku Europe, pomwe kufalikira kumayambira kumadzi ozizira a Britain, Norway, Sweden ndi Switzerland, ndikutha ku Italy, Spain, Macedonia, Croatia. Ndikosavuta kukumana ndi crucian carp yamtunduwu ku Asia, China ndi Mongolia imachokera kwa iwo, komanso gawo la Asia la Russia, lomwe ndi maiwe ang'onoang'ono.

Siliva (Carassius gibelio)

Poyamba ankakhala m'nyanja ya Pacific, kuswana kwa crucian carp wa zamoyo zimenezi, anayamba pakati pa chikhulupiriro cha 20, anamuthandiza kusamukira ku mtunda wamakhalidwe abwino. Tsopano woimira siliva wa cyprinids angapezeke mu:

• Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
• China;
• India;
• Siberia;
• Far East;
• our country;
• Poland;
• Belarus;
• Lithuania;
• Romania;
• Germany;
• Italy
• Portugal.

Siliva ali ndi milingo yocheperako poyerekeza ndi wachibale wake wagolide:

• kutalika mpaka 40 cm;
• kulemera kwake sikuposa 4 kg.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 8-9, kawirikawiri pali anthu omwe amatha zaka 12.

Kusiyana kwakunja kwa siliva ndi motere:

• mawonekedwe a thupi ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mamembala ena amtundu;
• mamba amakhalanso aakulu, koma ali ndi mtundu wa silvery kapena wobiriwira pang'ono;
• zipsepsezo zimakhala zowonekera, zimakhala ndi pinki, azitona, zotuwa.

Redfin carp ndi ya mtundu uwu, wa siliva amangotha ​​kusintha momwe zimakhalira posungiramo madzi ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake pang'ono.

Mitunduyi imagwirizana bwino ndi malo aliwonse okhala, nthawi zina amasintha maonekedwe ake, ichi chinali chifukwa chosankha ngati maziko a chatsopano, chomwe chinapangidwa mwachinyengo.

Nsomba zagolide (Carassius auratus)

Mitundu iyi idawetedwa mongopanga, siliva idatengedwa ngati maziko. Pali mitundu yopitilira mazana atatu, pafupifupi yonse ndi yoyenera kuswana m'madzi am'madzi.

Goldfish idzasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• kutalika kwa 2 cm mpaka 45 cm;
• thupi lathyathyathya, ovoid, elongated, spherical;
• mtundu ndi wosiyana kwambiri, pali nsomba zamitundu yonse ya utawaleza;
• zipsepse zazitali zazitali, zomwe zikukula ngati gulugufe, zophimbidwa;
• maso onse ali aang'ono kwambiri ndi aakulu, otukumuka.

Ndi mtundu uwu womwe umatchedwa Chinese crucian carp, womwe umadziwika kwambiri mdziko muno, koma mayiko ena padziko lapansi akuugula ngati chokongoletsera chokongoletsera chilichonse chosungira.

Chijapani (Carassius cuvieri)

Zidzakhala zotheka kupeza oimira zamtunduwu m'madzi a Japan ndi Taiwan. Ilibe mawonekedwe apadera osiyanitsa, kupatula kuti thupi lake ndi lalitali pang'ono kuposa la siliva.

Kutalika kwakukulu kwa nsomba kumafika 35-40 cm, koma kulemera kwake sikudutsa 3 kg.

Posachedwapa, asodzi amanena kuti zambiri zawonekera pamadzi pa nthawiyi. Maonekedwe, crucian carp si yosiyana ndi anthu ochokera ku dziwe kapena nyanja, koma kugwidwa kwake kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri.

Kuswana

Kukhwima pakugonana, ndiko kuti, kutha kubereka, mu crucian carp kumachitika ali ndi zaka 3-4. Panthawi ina, yaikazi, pafupifupi, imatha kuikira mazira 300, ndipo kuti ikhale ndi umuna, safunikira kukhala ndi carp yamphongo pafupi. Koma, zinthu zoyamba, choyamba.

Nthawi yoberekera imayambira pakatikati pa Meyi-kuyambira kwa Juni, chizindikiro chachikulu apa ndi kutentha kwa madzi. Kubereketsa kudzatha kokha pa madigiri 17-19 Celsius, ndondomeko yokha imachitika maulendo angapo, nthawi zomwe sizikhala zosachepera masiku 10.

Caviar ya woimira cyprinids ndi yachikasu ndipo imakhala yolimba kwambiri, ndiye chizindikiro chomaliza chomwe chimathandiza kuti ipeze zomera zapansi pamadzi kapena mizu. Kukula kwina kumadalira makamaka amuna, osati kuchokera ku mtundu womwewo.

Kuti apitilize mtunduwo pakalibe crucian carp yamwamuna wokhwima pakugonana, akazi amatha kubereketsa mazira:

• bream;
• carp;
• carp;
• roach.

Mkaka wa nsomba za golide ungathenso kutenga nawo mbali pa umuna, ngakhale kuti sudzatha. Chifukwa cha gynogenesis, ili ndilo dzina la ndondomekoyi, akazi okha ochokera ku mazira omwe amaikidwa adzabadwa.

Kubzala mbewu kumatha kupitilira mpaka Ogasiti.

Makhalidwe a khalidwe

Carp kuthengo amakula pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi kuswana kochita kupanga, chifukwa cha izi ndi zakudya. M'malo achilengedwe, nsomba sizingalandire zonse zomwe zimafunikira mulingo woyenera, zimafunikira kudziyang'anira okha chakudya. Ndi kulima chakudya chopanga, pali zambiri zokwanira, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochulukirapo, makamaka kuti oimira cyprinids amakula mofulumira ndikulemera.

Kodi crucian carp imakula bwanji m'dziwe? Kukula kwachilengedwe kumawoneka motere:

• m'chaka choyamba cha moyo, nsomba imapeza 8 g;
• Pakutha kwachiwiri, akulemera kale pafupifupi 50 g;
• ali ndi zaka zitatu, munthu amakhala ndi thupi lolemera 100 g.

Chikho chachikulire cha msodzi wochokera ku dziwe lakutchire chimalemera 500 g. Ndipo wamkulu pa kudyetsa zambiri kufika 5 kg pa msinkhu womwewo.

Makhalidwe amaphatikizapo:

• kuthekera kwa kubereka popanda mwamuna wamtundu womwewo;
• kukhala pamalo olakwika mu silt;
• kusintha kwabwino kwa pafupifupi mikhalidwe iliyonse yamoyo;
• omnivorous.

Kodi crucian carp imakula zaka zingati m'dziwe, ndipo ndi njira ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zigwire?

Njira zophera nsomba

Gwirani carp zonse ndi zina. N'zotheka kugwira nsomba zotere ngakhale ndi zida zakale kwambiri, komabe, zochepa zamakono zapangidwa kuti zikhale ndi crucian carp. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn gwiritsani ntchito:

• bulu wokhala ndi cholumikizira cha rabara (gulu la elastic);
• zoyandama;
• carp wakupha kwa chiwerengero chosiyana cha odyetsa.

Msodzi amakwera aliyense wa iwo m'njira yakeyake, titero kunena kwake, kwa iyemwini. Pali njira zambiri ndi zosankha, m'tsogolomu tidzakuuzani mwatsatanetsatane za aliyense wa iwo.

Ndizovuta kupeza woimira cyprinids uyu kuchokera ku ayezi. Kodi carp yozizira bwanji? Imangokumba mumatope panyengo yachisanu kwambiri mpaka kuya kwa 0,7 m ndikudikirira pamenepo kuti pakhale zovuta, kuphatikiza chilala chowopsa.

Zosangalatsa za crucians

Ngakhale chiweto chathu chimadziwika ndi ambiri, chili ndi zinsinsi zake ndi zinsinsi zake, zomwe tiwulula pang'ono:

• pogwira, madontho a adyo kapena anise nthawi zambiri amawonjezedwa ku nyambo, fungo ili limakopa ngakhale carp yaulesi ya crucian ndi kujowina kwathunthu;
• anayamba kuswana ku China, ndipo izi zinachitika m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri AD;
• nsomba za golide nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asayansi pazifukwa za sayansi, zinali zoyamba kukhala nsomba kupita kumlengalenga;
• fungo lawo ndi labwino kwambiri, nyambo yonunkhira kwambiri imatha kukopa chidwi cha nsomba zakutali, zomwe zili patali kwambiri;
• chiwalo chokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mzere wotsatira, ndiye amene adzauza crucian za chakudya, malo omwe angakhale oopsa, pafupifupi mtunda wopita ku chinthu china.

Carp nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima mopanga, maiwe ambiri omwe amalipidwa amakhala ndi mtundu uwu. Carp imakula mwachangu ndikukula ndi chakudya choyenera, m'zaka zingapo zitha kugwira zoyamba.

Nsomba za carp ndizofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya carp, ambiri akuphatikizidwa pano, palinso red crucian carp. Amagwidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo yemwe ali wopambana kwambiri amatsimikiziridwa ndi angler mwiniwake.