Kugwira anangumi opha: njira zogwirira costa-whip ndi killer whale-skripuna

Banja la killer whale ndi la gulu la catfish. Banja ili lili ndi mibadwo 20 ndi mitundu 227. Ambiri a iwo amakhala ku Africa ndi ku Asia. Nsomba zonse zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofanana, koma palinso kusiyana kwakukulu, maonekedwe ndi moyo. Pazinthu zodziwika bwino za morphological, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kusakhalapo kwa mamba, thupi lamaliseche limakutidwa ndi ntchofu; kukhalapo kwa zipsepse za adipose, pamphuno ndi pamphuno pali zipsepse zakuthwa; tinyanga zimatchulidwa bwino pamutu, mumitundu yambiri muli ma 4 awiriawiri. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti spikes pa zipsepse za anamgumi akupha osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala ndi utali wosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, ndipo amateteza makamaka. Kuphatikiza apo, ma spikes ali ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa poizoni, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala ndi zinsomba zonse zakupha. Nsomba zonse za m'banja zimadziwika ndi thermophilicity. Izi zimawonetsedwa makamaka pokhudzana ndi nthawi yoberekera. Pa gawo la Russian Federation, mumtsinje wa Amur, pali mitundu 5 ya anamgumi akupha, koma otchuka kwambiri ndi awiri: chinsomba chakupha ndi chinsomba chakupha. Dzina lachi Russia lakuti "whale whale" limachokera ku mawu a Nanai akuti "kachakta", omwe anthu ammudzi amawatcha nsomba zosiyanasiyana.

Creaking killer whale ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zomwe zafala kwambiri ku Amur. Thupi la nsomba ndi lalitali lalitali ndipo limakutidwa ndi villi (mu nsomba zazikulu). Chipsepse chapamwamba kwambiri chokhala ndi msana wakuthwa; chipsepse cha adipose ndi chocheperako kuposa chipsepse cha kumatako. Zipsepse za pachifuwa zokhala ndi misana yopindika. Chipsepse cha mchira chili ndi chozama chakuya. Pakamwa ndi theka-otsika, maso ali ndi khungu, chikope. Mtunduwu umayendetsedwa ndi mdima, wakuda-wobiriwira, mimba ndi yachikasu, yakuda ndi mikwingwirima yowala imathamanga thupi lonse ndi zipsepse. Nsombayi inatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa chokhoza kupanga phokoso pogwiritsa ntchito zipsepse za pachifuwa. Kukula kwakukulu sikudutsa 35 cm. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zimagwidwa zosaposa 400 gr. Izi ndi nsomba zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri pakatikati ndi m'munsi mwa Amur. M'nyengo yotentha, imamatira kumalo omwe ali ndi mphepo yamkuntho, njira, osaya, ndi zina zotero. Imakonda pansi pamatope kapena dongo. M'nyengo yozizira, imapita mozama kwambiri, pamtsinje wa Amur, komanso m'nyanja ndi ngalande. Skripuny wosusuka kwambiri, amadyera m'madzi osiyanasiyana. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama zam'madzi, komanso tizilombo tating'ono ta m'madzi ndi mphutsi zawo. Anangumi akuluakulu amadya ana a nsomba zina. Chiwerengero cha anamgumi akupha chimachira msanga pakagwidwa kapena mliri.

Nangumi wakupha chinsomba kapena chinsomba cha Ussuri ali ndi thupi lalitali, makamaka caudal peduncle. Msana pa dorsal fin ndi utali wofanana ndi wa pa pectoral zipsepse ndipo uli ndi notch. Maso ndi aang'ono, palibe khola lakhungu. Mtundu wa nsomba ndi monophonic, monga lamulo, wachikasu-imvi, wopepuka pamimba. Mitundu iyi ya orcas imakhala ndi dimorphism yodziwika bwino yogonana (zosiyana). Thupi la amuna ndi lalitali komanso lafulati. Mbalame yotchedwa whip killer whale imatha kukula mpaka theka la mita m'litali. Nthawi zambiri amapeza nsomba zolemera mpaka 600-800 g. Mbalame zamtundu uwu ndizodziwika kwambiri ndi gawo la mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri, m'chigwa cha Amur amapanga anthu osiyana, odzipatula ndipo samasamuka kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nsomba zimakhalanso m'nyanja, mwachitsanzo, ku Khanka. Mofanana ndi chinsomba chakupha, chinsomba chophwanyika chimakhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatha kudya m'madzi onse, kuphatikizapo pafupi ndi pamwamba. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi imadziwika ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale kuti lash killer whale imakula mofulumira kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'madzi. Nsomba zimafika kukula kwa 50 cm ndi zaka 10 zokha. Chikhalidwe cholusa cha whip killer whale sichimakula kwambiri kuposa cha creaker. M'nyengo yozizira, sichisiya kudyetsa, ngakhale kuti ntchito imakhala yochepa kwambiri.

Njira zophera nsomba

Asodzi a m’derali amakhala ndi maganizo olakwika ponena za anamgumi akupha. Makamaka kwa woyimba zeze. Chifukwa cha kususuka kwawo komanso kupezeka paliponse, amasokoneza kugwira nsomba zamitundu ina, zomwe zimakwiyitsa asodzi. Kuonjezera apo, akagwira nsomba, amadzetsa mavuto ambiri akamadula mbedza chifukwa cha misana yakuthwa komanso yapoizoni. Asodzi ambiri akumeneko sagwira anangumi opha anthu, ndipo akagwidwa, ambiri amanyamula magolovesi ndi zida kuti athe kuluma mingayo. Killer whales amakhala achangu kwambiri m'chilimwe. Kugwira nsombazi sikovuta, ndipo palibe chifukwa cha zida zapadera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndodo zoyandama ndi pansi ndizoyenera izi. Kuphatikizapo zosavuta, monga ma donoks, theka-donks ndi zokhwasula-khwasula. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mitundu yonse iwiri imakhala pansi, koma chinsomba chopha nyama nthawi zambiri chimakhala pafupi ndi gombe.

Nyambo

Pogwira anamgumi akupha, nyambo zambiri zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu iwiriyi ndi yolusa kwambiri. Owotchera nsomba ambiri amakhulupirira kuti poyang'ana nsombazi, chiwerengero cha mbedza pazitsulo ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa nyambo kuti apambane. Ndi kuluma kogwira, mbedza zingati - nsomba zambiri zomwe zimagwidwa mumtundu umodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, creaker imaluma ngakhale pamene mitundu ina ilibe chidwi ndi nyambo. Amadziwika kuti squeaky killer whales amachitiranso nyambo zamasamba monga phala kapena mkate, koma nthawi zambiri mphutsi, magawo a nsomba, ndi tizilombo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira.

Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala

Kwa mitundu yonse iwiri ya namgumi wakupha, mtsinje wa Amur ndiye malire akumpoto a malo awo. Amapezekanso kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa China, pa Peninsula ya Korea. Nangumi wakupha amadziwikiratu m'mitsinje ina kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Sakhalin komanso kumwera kwa zilumba za Japan (Hondo ndi Shikoku). M'chigwa cha Amur, amaimiridwa kwambiri. Palibe ku Mongolia.

Kuswana

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya anangumi opha anthu amakula msinkhu ali ndi zaka 3-4. Nthawi yobereketsa imachitika m'chilimwe, nthawi zambiri mu June-Julayi. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti mitundu yonse iwiriyi imakumba maenje pansi pamatope ndi kuteteza miyalayo. Nthawi yoberekera ya squeaker whales imawerengedwa bwino chifukwa chakuti nsomba zimakhala pafupi ndi gombe. Pakuswana, nsomba zimapanga magulu akuluakulu. Malo omwe amamanga zisa amafanana ndi mchenga wa martin.

Siyani Mumakonda