Cholera
Zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi
  1. kufotokozera kwathunthu
    1. Zimayambitsa
    2. zizindikiro
    3. Mavuto
    4. Prevention
    5. Chithandizo cha mankhwala wamba
  2. Zakudya zothandiza ku kolera
    1. chikhalidwe
  3. Zowopsa komanso zovulaza
  4. Magwero azidziwitso

Kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa matendawa

 

Ichi ndi pachimake m'mimba matenda, amene anatsagana ndi kuwonongeka kwa m'matumbo yaing'ono, electrolyte vutoli, madzi m'thupi ndi, chifukwa, kuledzera kwa thupi. Matenda oopsa opatsiranawa amatha kupha ngati sanalandire mwachangu.

Cholera nthawi zambiri imafalikira ngati mliri[4]… Matenda oopsawa atha kuwonedwa ngati chida chachilengedwe. Chaka chilichonse, anthu 4 miliyoni omwe amatenga matendawa amalembedwa padziko lapansi. Osatetezeka kwambiri pankhaniyi amawerengedwa kuti ndi gulu la anthu okhala m'malo opanda ukhondo. Chifukwa chake, malo opezeka kwambiri amapezeka ku Latin America, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi South Africa. Zomwe zimachitika pachimake nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yophukira.

Poyamba, India anali malo opatsirana opatsirana, koma m'zaka za zana la 19, ndi chitukuko cha malonda, kolera inafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, anthu agwedezeka nthawi ndi nthawi ndi kufalikira kwa kolera. Kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 19, mkati mwa mliri woyamba, anthu akufa ndi kolera anali mamiliyoni. Mliri wachiwiriwu udatenga pafupifupi zaka 20 ndikusesa Japan, United States ndi Europe. Mliri wachitatu umadziwika kuti ndi woopsa kwambiri. Asayansi aku Britain adayamba kufufuza zomwe zimayambitsa kufalikira kwa kolera ndikupanga njira zochizira. Ngakhale izi, mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, matenda owopsawa adapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.[3]… Tsopano matendawa siofala, koma miliri ya kolera imalembedwa nthawi ndi nthawi m'maiko osatukuka.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kolera

Choyambitsa chitukuko cha kolera ndi kolera vibrio, yomwe imapezeka m'zomera zamadzi ambiri. Koma apa chiwerengero cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono pamadzi chimagwira gawo lofunikira. Kwa kachilombo, osachepera miliyoni vibrios ayenera kumeza.

 

Vibrio cholera sagonjetsedwa ndi hydrochloric acid, chifukwa chake ngati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tingalowe m'mimba, titha kufa. Ndi asidi wochepa, kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokwanira matenda a kolera kumatsika kangapo. Thirakiti la m'mimba limakhala njira yolandirira matenda, kolera vibrios imatha kufika pamenepo motere:

  • kukhudzana-banja;
  • kudzera m'manja odetsedwa;
  • tikumeza madzi posambira m'madamu omwe muli madzi owonongeka;
  • mukamadya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosasamba;
  • pokhudzana ndi munthu wodwala matendawa;
  • mukamadya nsomba (mussels, shrimps) ndi nsomba zouma zomwe sizinapangidwepo kutentha koyenera

Matenda owopsawa amakhudza akulu ndi ana, nthawi zambiri m'miyezi yotentha. Zitha kutenga kuchokera pa maola 10 mpaka masiku asanu pakati pakumwa kwa Vibrio cholera komanso asanawonekere zizindikiro zoyambirira, koma nthawi yayitali nthawi yokwanira imakhala masiku 5-2.

Zizindikiro za kolera

Kutengera ndi matenda, kolera imagawidwa ngati:

  1. 1 mawonekedwe achotsedwa - amadziwika ndi matumbo amodzi omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino. Ndiye zizindikilozo zimawonekera kwambiri - pali chidwi chofuna kukachita chimbudzi, odwala amadandaula za zotchinga zamadzi komanso kusapeza bwino m'mimba;
  2. 2 mawonekedwe osavuta - mipando yotayirira imakhala mpaka kasanu patsiku, matendawa samatha masiku awiri, pomwe thanzi la wodwalayo ndilokwanira, amadandaula pang'ono za kutopa ndi ludzu;
  3. 3 kolera kuopsa kozama, m'zinthu zina amatchedwanso kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kwa digiri yachiwiri. Ndi mtundu wa matendawa, kolera imapita patsogolo mwachangu, kuwonjezera pamatumbo pafupipafupi, wodwalayo ali ndi nkhawa ndi kusanza, komwe sikumatsagana ndi nseru. Pali zisonyezo zoonekeratu zakusowa kwa madzi m'thupi, monga ludzu losapiririka, khungu limachepa, nembanemba zimatuluka, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumachepa kwambiri. Poterepa, matumbo amadzi amawoneka mpaka katatu patsiku, kukokana kwa mikono ndi miyendo, tachycardia pang'ono komanso kuwomba kwa mawu ndizotheka. Kolera yamtunduwu imatha pafupifupi masiku asanu;
  4. 4 mawonekedwe owopsa kapena kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kumadziwika ndi zizindikilo zowopsa: mabatani omasuka obwereza komanso kusanza. Khunyu m'mimba ndi miyendo, mawu amafooka, osamveka. Khungu la mapazi ndi mitengo ya kanjedza limakhala ndi makwinya, nkhope imawola pankhope: diso limagwera, cyanosis yamakutu ndi milomo imawonedwa. Tachycardia imafika kumenyedwa 3 pamphindi. Kugunda kumakhala ngati ulusi, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepa;
  5. 5 mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri amadziwika kuti kukula kwa kolera, komwe kumayamba nthawi yomweyo ndikusanza kosalekeza ndi zotchinga. Kwenikweni m'maola ochepa, kutentha kwa thupi la wodwalayo kumatsikira mpaka madigiri 35. Pali kufooka kwakukulu, kupuma pang'ono ndi anuria, kuwodzera kumatha kukhala chikomokere. Khungu limakhala lonyansa, thupi limangokhalira kupundana, m'mimba mumakokedwa, mawonekedwe amakhala osasunthika.

Zovuta za kolera

Pazovuta zazikulu, kukula kwa zovuta zina ndizotheka:

  • cholera typhoid imadziwika ngati diphtheria colitis, pomwe zotupa zimatheka pakhungu, monga chikuku;
  • chlorohydropenic uremia, amene nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kulephera aimpso.

Mavuto osadziwika a kolera amabwera pamene matenda achiwiri aphatikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri, kolera imavuta chifukwa cha chibayo. Ngati madzi ambiri atayika, kudodometsa kumatha kuchitika.

Ndi mankhwala osayembekezereka, kolera imapha anthu ambiri

Kupewa Cholera

Kolera yomwe yasamutsidwa siyisiya chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa chake, kutenganso matenda ndikotheka. Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera ndi izi:

  • imwani madzi oyera okha kapena owiritsa;
  • osasambira m'madzi akuda kapena osadziwika;
  • sambani m'manja mwanu mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi musanaphike chakudya;
  • Katemera wa anthu pakuphulika kwa kolera;
  • kufalitsa uthenga pakati pa anthu zakomwe kuli malo azithandizo zadzidzidzi m'malo omwe matenda ayamba;
  • kugwira ntchito zomwe zikufuna kufalitsa zida zothandizira kupewa kolera;
  • pamene matumba a kolera akupezeka, mwamsanga ndipo nthawi yomweyo yankhani ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana.

Chithandizo cha kolera m'mankhwala ovomerezeka

Cholera imatha kuchira mwachangu ndikapita kwa dokotala kwakanthawi. Patsiku loyamba, kuti alipire kutayika kwakukulu kwa madzi, odwala amapatsidwa malita 6 amchere obwezeretsanso m'kamwa. Kwa odwala kwambiri, kuti apewe kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi, amalowetsedwa m'mitsempha yolimbitsa thupi pamlingo wa 1 litre pa 10 kg ya kulemera kwa wodwalayo. Mankhwala opha tizilombo nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Komanso ma enterosorbents amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pochizira.

Zakudya zothandiza ku kolera

Wodwala kolera yemwe amatsekula m'mimba komanso kusanza amataya madzi ambiri, amafufuza zinthu, mavitamini ndi mapuloteni, kotero kuti zakudya zizikhala ndi:

  1. 1 kukondoweza kwa chitetezo cha thupi;
  2. 2 kuchotsa zizindikiro za kuledzera;
  3. 3 kuchepetsa katundu pa mundawo m'mimba;
  4. 4 chindapusa cha zovuta zamagetsi.

M'masiku oyamba 1-2 a matenda, kusala ndi kumwa madzi ambiri kumawonetsedwa. Ma compotes ovomerezeka kuchokera ku maapulo ndi mapeyala, madzi akuda a currant, decoction wa ziuno zouma zouma, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zovuta zina.

Pambuyo pa kukhazikika kwa chopondapo, chakudya cha apulo chikuwonetsedwa, muyenera kudya 1-1,5 makilogalamu a maapulo obiriwira obiriwira popanda peel mu Mlingo wa 5-6 masana. Tsiku lotsatira, mutha kuwonjezera zakudya zomwe sizikwiyitsa matumbo pazakudya: semolina, mpunga kapena oatmeal yophika m'madzi, tchizi tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, mkaka wopanda mafuta ochepa, timadziti tatsopano, ma jellies a mabulosi.

Kenako, wodwalayo akamachira, zakudya za wodwalayo zimawonjezedwa ndi nsomba yophika, nyama zam'madzi ndi ma cutlets otentha, tirigu wosenda, mafuta ochepa komanso tchizi wofatsa. Chakudya chiyenera kukhala chotentha, chakudya chochepa komanso pafupipafupi.

Njira za anthu zochizira kolera

  • imwani mkaka wofunda wokhala ndi mbewu za katsabola;
  • Thirani 300 g wa masamba a birch ndi ½ l wa vodka, tengani 30 g iliyonse mpaka kusanza kutasiya[1];
  • kumwa masana monga kulowetsedwa tiyi wa katsabola, timbewu tonunkhira ndi chamomile;
  • ochiritsa akale ankakhulupirira kuti lamba wofiira wofiira pamimba amatha kuteteza matenda a kolera;
  • n`zotheka kuthetsa khunyu ndi madzi m'thupi kwambiri pa tsiku loyamba mwa kusisita miyendo ya wodwalayo ndi camphor mowa;
  • kuti achire wodwalayo atha kupatsidwa vinyo wofiira wouma pang'ono pang'ono[2];
  • Imwani magalasi angapo a decoction wa zitsamba zowuma za chicory masana;
  • Sungunulani makala a birch m'madzi ndikumulola wodwalayo amwe pang'ono pang'ono.

Zakudya zoopsa komanso zovulaza kolera

Ndikofunikira kupatula zolimbikitsa zachinsinsi cha m'mimba komanso m'mimba yonse yazakudya za wodwalayo, komanso zinthu zomwe zili ndi cholesterol, chifukwa chake, siyani:

  • masamba ndi zipatso monga magwero a fiber;
  • adyo ndi anyezi;
  • nyemba, kupatula nyemba za katsitsumzukwa;
  • zipatso zowawa ndi zipatso;
  • nyama ndi msuzi wa nsomba;
  • kuchepetsa kudya mchere;
  • kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito yolks dzira;
  • mkaka woyera;
  • zamzitini ndi kuzifutsa zakudya;
  • mitanda yolemera;
  • zakudya zokazinga ndi zamafuta;
  • koloko.
Magwero azidziwitso
  1. Mankhwala azitsamba: maphikidwe agolidi azachipatala / Comp. A. Markov. - M.: Eksmo; Forum, 2007. - 928 p.
  2. Buku la Popov AP Herbal. Chithandizo ndi zitsamba zochiritsira. - LLC "U-Factoria". Yekaterinburg: 1999. - 560 p., Ill.
  3. Geographic Information Systems, gwero
  4. Cholera, gwero
Kusindikizanso kwa zinthu

Kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chilichonse popanda chilolezo cholemba kale sikuletsedwa.

Malamulo achitetezo

Oyang'anira sakhala ndiudindo pakayesedwe kalikonse kogwiritsa ntchito chinsinsi, upangiri kapena zakudya, komanso sikutsimikizira kuti zomwe zanenedwa zikuthandizani kapena kukuvulazani. Khalani anzeru ndipo nthawi zonse muzifunsira kwa dokotala woyenera!

Chenjerani!

Otsogolerawo sali ndi udindo uliwonse poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa, ndipo sizikutsimikizira kuti sizikukuvulazani. Zipangizozo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuperekera chithandizo chamankhwala ndikupanga matenda. Nthawi zonse muzifunsa dokotala wanu!

Chakudya cha matenda ena:

Siyani Mumakonda