Coffee amadziwika kuyambira kale; idachokera ku Ethiopian Kaffa komwe idachokera komanso dzina lake. Mumzinda umenewu munapezeka mbewu za khofi, zomwe mbuzi za m’deralo zinkakonda kudya. Mbewuzo zinawalimbikitsa kwambiri, ndipo mwamsanga abusawo anakonza nkhaniyo mwa iwo okha, pogwiritsa ntchito khofi kuti amveke bwino. Mbewu zopatsa mphamvu zinkagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi anthu osamukasamuka omwe amadutsa ku Ethiopia.
Khofi inayamba kulimidwa m'zaka za m'ma 7 ku Yemen yamakono. Poyamba, njerezo ankaziphika, kuzipondaponda, n’kuziwonjezera pa chakudya monga zokometsera. Kenaka adayesa kupanga ma tinctures pa nyemba za khofi yaiwisi, kupangira zamkati - zakumwazo zinali geshir, tsopano njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga khofi ya Yemeni.
M'mbiri yakale, pamene Aarabu anafika ku mayiko aku Ethiopia, ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zipatso za mitengo ya khofi unadutsa kwa iwo. Poyamba, Aarabu sanabwere ndi chirichonse chatsopano momwe angagayire mbewu zosaphika, kuzisakaniza ndi batala, kuzikulunga mu mipira ndi kuzitengera panjira kuti zikhalebe ndi mphamvu. Komabe, akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi chotero anali wathanzi ndi chokoma, chifukwa yaiwisi nyemba khofi ndi katundu wa mtedza, ndipo kuwonjezera mosangalala, chakudya ichi mwangwiro amakhutitsa njala wapaulendo.
Zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake, nyemba za khofi potsirizira pake zapeza mmene angawotchere, kupera ndi kukonzekera chakumwacho monga tikudziŵira lerolino. Zaka za m'ma 11 zimatengedwa kuti ndizoyambira kupanga zakumwa za khofi. Khofi wa ku Arabia anakonzedwa ndi zitsamba ndi zonunkhira - ginger, sinamoni, ndi mkaka.
Khofi waku Turkey
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 15, khofi anagonjetsa Turkey. Ochita Bizinesi aku Turkey samaphonya mwayi wopanga bizinesi pa khofi ndikutsegula malo ogulitsira khofi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa nyumba za khofi, akuluakulu a tchalitchi mpaka anatemberera chakumwa ichi m'dzina la mneneri, kuyembekezera kulingalira okhulupirira ndi kuwabwezera ku akachisi kukapemphera, m'malo mokhala kwa maola ambiri pamwambo wa khofi.
Mu 1511, kugwiritsa ntchito khofi kunali koletsedwanso ku Mecca ndi lamulo. Koma ngakhale kuletsedwa ndi kuopa chilango, khofi anali ataledzera mochuluka ndipo nthawi zonse ankayesa kukonzekera ndi kukonza zakumwa. Patapita nthawi, mpingo unasintha kuchoka ku mkwiyo n’kukhala wachifundo.
M'zaka za m'ma 16, akuluakulu a boma la Turkey anayambanso kuda nkhawa ndi chilakolako cha khofi. Zinkawoneka kuti khofi inali ndi zotsatira zapadera kwa iwo omwe amamwa, ziweruzo zinakhala zolimba mtima komanso zaufulu, ndipo anayamba miseche za ndale nthawi zambiri. Malo ogulitsira khofi adatsekedwa ndipo khofi idaletsedwanso, mpaka kuphedwa, omwe adabwera ndi chilichonse chotsogola komanso chapamwamba. Choncho, malinga ndi kunena kwa asayansi, munthu wokonda khofi akhoza kusokedwa ali moyo m’thumba la khofi n’kuponyedwa m’nyanja.
Komabe, luso la khofi likukulirakulira, nyumba wamba momwe zakumwa zimapangidwira zidayamba kusandulika kukhala malo ogulitsira khofi, maphikidwe adasinthidwa, achulukirachulukira, mautumiki owonjezera adawonekera - ndi kapu ya khofi mutha kupumula pa sofa yabwino, kusewera chess. , sewerani makhadi kapena kungolankhula mochokera pansi pamtima. Malo ogulitsira khofi woyamba adawonekera ku 1530 ku Damasiko, zaka 2 pambuyo pake ku Algeria ndi zaka 2 pambuyo pake ku Istanbul.
Nyumba ya khofi ya Istanbul imatchedwa "Circle of Thinkers", ndipo ndikuthokoza, pali lingaliro, kuti masewera otchuka a mlatho adawonekera.
Mlengalenga wa nyumba za khofi, kumene kunali kotheka kuchita misonkhano, kukambirana mofulumira, zokambirana, zasungidwa mpaka lero.
Khofi ya ku Turkey imakonzedwa kale m'chombo - Turk kapena cezve; imakoma mwamphamvu komanso yowawa. Iye sanazike mizu monga choncho ku Russia. Apa iye anaonekera mu nthawi ya Peter I, amene ankakhulupirira kuti kumwa khofi kumathandiza kupanga zisankho zofunika ndi kukakamiza gulu lake lonse kutero. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kumwa khofi kunayamba kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kukoma kwabwino, ndipo ena adayenera kupirira kukoma kwake chifukwa cha udindo komanso kutsata mafashoni atsopano.
Mitundu ya khofi
Pali mitundu inayi yayikulu yamitengo ya khofi padziko lapansi - Arabica, Robusta, Exelia ndi Liberica. Mitundu yamitengo Arabic kufika kutalika kwa mamita 5-6, zipatso zimapsa mkati mwa miyezi 8. Arabica imamera ku Ethiopia, ina imabzalidwa ndi amalonda akumaloko, ndipo zokolola zina zimakololedwa m'minda yolimidwa kuthengo.
Wamphamvu - khofi wokhala ndi kafeini wapamwamba kwambiri, amawonjezeredwa kuti azitha kuphatikizika kuti akhale wamphamvu, koma nthawi yomweyo, robusta ndi wocheperako komanso wocheperako kuposa Arabica. Polima, mitengo ya robusta imakhala yochepa kwambiri ndipo imafuna kusamalidwa bwino, komabe, zokolola zake zimakhala zambiri.
African liberica kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, choncho n'zosavuta kukula izo. Zipatso za Liberia zimapezekanso muzosakaniza za khofi.
Kofi ya Excelsa - mitengo yotalika mpaka 20 metres! Mtundu wa khofi wodziwika kwambiri, mwina, wodziwika bwino komanso wosagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Khofi wa Instant adawonekera mu 1901 ndi dzanja lowala la American Japanese Satori Kato. Poyamba, chakumwacho chinali chonunkhira pang'ono komanso chosakoma, koma chosavuta kukonzekera, chifukwa chake anthu adayamba kuzolowera kusakhazikika kwake. Mwachitsanzo, m'magulu ankhondo khofi yotereyi inali yosavuta kukonzekera, ndipo caffeine, komabe, inkagwira ntchito yake tonic.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, Chinsinsi cha khofi yomweyo anasintha, mu 30s, kukoma khofi potsiriza anakumbukiridwa mu Switzerland, ndipo choyamba, anakhala wotchuka kachiwiri pakati pa asilikali ankhondo.
Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 20, njira yatsopano yopangira khofi ndi makina a khofi inawonekera - espresso. Njira imeneyi inapangidwa ku Milan kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19. Chifukwa chake, kukonzekera khofi weniweni wokoma komanso wamphamvu kunapezeka osati m'nyumba za khofi zokha, pakubwera makina a khofi apanyumba, chakumwa cholimbikitsa ichi chakhazikika pafupifupi m'nyumba iliyonse.