Zamkatimu
Kuyambira kale, njira yophika yotereyi yafika kwa ife monga kuphika… Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale amakhulupirira kuti anthu akale ndi amene anayambitsa mwambowu ataphika pamoto ndi kuwotcha phulusa. Maulendo ambiri ofukula zinthu zakale ndi ethnographic adakwanitsa kukhazikitsa njira yomwe anthu akale amaphika chakudya chawo. Zinapezeka kuti chifukwa cha izi adagwiritsa ntchito miyala yokhala ndi vuto, momwe madzi amathiridwamo ndikuyika zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kuphika, ndipo moto unapangidwa mozungulira mwala. Komanso, miyala yotenthedwa pamoto inali kuphikidwa, ndipo kenako ankaiviika m’mbale zamatabwa, zodzaza ndi madzi.
Mabuku ophika amati kuphika ndiyo njira yophikira chakudya mumadzi amtundu uliwonse kapena mpweya, kupatula mafuta. Nthawi zambiri madzi awa ndi madzi, nthawi zina mkaka, madzi.
Kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa njirayo
Kuwiritsa ndi imodzi mwanjira zachikhalidwe zophikira. Mwanjira iyi, soups, compotes zakonzedwa, masamba, zipatso, nsomba, nyama yophika. Njirayi ndi yolumikizira pakati pazomata zipatso, masamba ndi nyama zamzitini. Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo ya njirayi: njira yachikhalidwe, kuphika mwachangu, kuphika kozizira, kuzizira, ndi kuphika nthunzi.
Njira yachikhalidwe… Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku pokonzekera maphunziro oyamba ndi ambiri. Pofuna kuphika chakudya, m'pofunika kutsitsa zakudya zomwe zakonzedwa kale (masamba, zipatso, bowa kapena nyama) m'madzi ozizira kapena otentha. Zina zonse za mbale yomwe yasankhidwa zimawonjezeka panthawi yokonzekera, kutengera nthawi yofunikira kukonzekera kwawo.
Chifukwa chake masamba ndi bowa nthawi zambiri amaphika kwa mphindi 25 mpaka maola 1,5 (mwachitsanzo, mbatata ndi beets); dzinthu kuyambira mphindi 15 mpaka 50 (kutengera mitundu); nkhuku, abakha, turkeys, atsekwe kuyambira mphindi 45 mpaka 90, motsatana, nyama, pafupifupi, imaphika kuyambira ola limodzi mpaka maora 1.
Zimakhulupirira kuti pokonzekera maphunziro oyambirira ndi compotes, ndi bwino kuchepetsa zinthu zofunika m'madzi ozizira (mavitamini onse adzakhalabe mu msuzi); pokonzekera maphunziro achiwiri kuchokera ku masamba ndi chimanga, madzi obweretsedwa kwa chithupsa ndi abwino. Zimakhulupirira kuti pamenepa, mavitamini ambiri adzasungidwa muzinthu zomwezo.
Nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa ndikuwiritsa pamoto wapakati. Ndikofunika kuti chophika chophimbidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi madzi ochepa kuti muzisunga michere yambiri. Chifukwa chake wiritsani nkhuku, muyenera kuthira madzi ozizira, omwe angaphimbe mbalameyo masentimita 0.5 okha, kuti mukhale nyama muyenera 1 sentimita. Poterepa, musaiwale kuchotsa thovu mukatentha.
Kuphika mwachangu… M'zaka za m'ma 30 za m'zaka zapitazi, njira yophika mothandizidwa ndi zophikira zaphikira idafalikira. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwira mwachangu nyama, masamba, ndi nsomba zam'chitini ndi nyama. Tithokoze chifukwa chodziyimira pawokha, nthawi yophika yazakudya zingapo m'maphikidwe ochepetsa amachepetsa kwambiri, ndipo mafupa omwe amapezeka munyama ndi nsomba amadya.
Kuphika kozizira… Mu 1977 ku Sweden, chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa asayansi, chida chophikira mwachangu m'madzi ozizira chidapangidwa. Kuyambira pamenepo, a ku Sweden akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zida zawo kukonzekera magulu akulu azakudya zaku zipatala, malo ogulitsira zakudya komanso masukulu. Madzi ozizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wochititsa kuphika koteroko. Chifukwa cha ichi, mavitamini ochulukirapo amasungidwa mchakudya.
matenda… Njirayi imayimira kuphika mu uvuni waku Russia. Kuyambira 1980, tafalitsa zida zatsopano zamagetsi kukhitchini - ophika chete. Chakudya, mothandizidwa, chimaphika pang'onopang'ono, kwa maola 5-6. Koma ndi njira yophikayi yomwe chakudya chimatha kuwulula kukoma kwake.
Kuphika nthunzi... Imatengedwa njira yopindulitsa kwambiri kuphika. Mwa njira iyi, masamba, mtanda ndi kanyumba tchizi, mbale za nyama zimakonzedwa. Mwachitsanzo, tonse timadziwa cutlets nthunzi ndi meatballs. Ubwino wophika nthunzi ndikuti zakudya zophikidwa motere zimakhala zofewa m'mimba.
Zothandiza za zinthu zophika
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi maphunziro oyamba, omwe ali othandiza kwa pafupifupi aliyense. Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kulemera bwino, aku France amalimbikitsa kudya msuzi wosadya nyama, ndipo ndibwino ngati uwu ndi msuzi wawo wotchuka wa anyezi.
Madziwo amadzaza ndikumadzaza m'mimba osadzaza nthawi yam'mimba madzulo. Kuphatikiza apo, makamaka ngati maphunziro oyamba ndi azamasamba komanso mafuta ochepa, metabolism imalimbikitsidwa.
Maphunziro oyamba amawonetsedwa kwa aliyense popewa zovuta m'matumbo, ndipo amafunikiranso kukhalabe ndi madzi abwino mthupi.
Zakudya zophika zimawonetsedwa pazilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba, chifuwa, dysbiosis, zimaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe afooka atadwala, amaphatikizidwa ndi zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za omwe ali ndi moyo wathanzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, msuzi, chimanga, nyama yowonda yophika imakhala maziko azakudya zabwino, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa aliyense amene amasamala zaumoyo. Izi ndichifukwa choti tikamadya chakudya chouma, m'mimba mwathu mumakhala mchere wambiri wam'mimba, komanso kudya msuzi wosiyanasiyana, broths ndi borscht kumachepetsa kwambiri ziwengo zam'mimba.
Katundu wowopsa wa chakudya chophika
Tsopano pali malingaliro olakwika pa njira iyi yophika. Ena amakhulupirira kuti njirayi ndi yopanda ntchito, chifukwa imawononga mpaka 70% ya vitamini C, komanso 40% ya mavitamini a B.
Mwina pali chowonadi m'mawu otere, koma musaiwale kuti pophatikiza njira zophika, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi moyenera, mutha kukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso choyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, pamatenda ena am'mimba, njira yophikirayi imawonedwa kuti ndiyofatsa komanso yothandiza kuchira mwachangu kwa odwala.