Kudula nkhalango: zowona, zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake

Kuwononga nkhalango kukukulirakulira. Mapapo obiriwira a dziko lapansi akudulidwa kuti alande nthaka pazifukwa zina. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, timataya mahekitala 7,3 miliyoni a nkhalango chaka chilichonse, kukula kwake mofanana ndi dziko la Panama.

Вizi ndi mfundo zochepa chabe

  • Pafupifupi theka la nkhalango zamvula padziko lonse zatayika kale
  • Pakali pano, nkhalango zikukuta pafupifupi 30% ya dziko lonse lapansi.
  • Kudula mitengo kumawonjezera kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide pachaka ndi 6-12%
  • Mphindi iliyonse, nkhalango yayikulu ya mabwalo a mpira 36 imasowa Padziko Lapansi.

Kodi nkhalango tikutaya kuti?

Kudula mitengo kukuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, koma nkhalango zamvula ndizomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri. NASA imaneneratu kuti ngati kuwononga nkhalango kupitilirabe, nkhalango zamvula zitha kutha m'zaka 100. Maiko monga Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand, Congo ndi madera ena a Afirika, ndi madera ena a Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu adzakhudzidwa. Choopsa chachikulu chikuwopseza Indonesia. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 15 zapitazi, dziko lino lataya pafupifupi mahekitala XNUMX miliyoni a nkhalango, malinga ndi University of Maryland USA ndi World Resources Institute.

Ndipo pamene kuli kwakuti kudula nkhalango kwawonjezereka m’zaka 50 zapitazi, vutolo likubwerera m’mbuyo. Mwachitsanzo, 90% ya nkhalango zoyambirira za United States zawonongedwa kuyambira 1600s. Bungwe la World Resources Institute linanena kuti nkhalango zikuluzikulu zakhalapobe ku Canada, Alaska, Russia, ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Amazon.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kudula mitengo

Pali zifukwa zambiri zoterozo. Malinga ndi lipoti la WWF, theka la mitengo yomwe yachotsedwa m’nkhalangoyi mosaloledwa ndi boma imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhuni.

Nthawi zambiri, nkhalango zimatenthedwa kapena kudulidwa. Njira zimenezi zimachititsa kuti nthaka ikhalebe yopanda kanthu.

Akatswiri a zankhalango amati kudula momveka bwino ndi “kuvulala kwa chilengedwe komwe sikunafanane ndi chilengedwe, kupatulapo, mwina, kuphulika kwakukulu kwa mapiri”

Kuwotcha nkhalango kumatha kuchitidwa ndi makina othamanga kapena odekha. Phulusa la mitengo yopserera limapereka chakudya kwa zomera kwa kanthawi. Nthaka ikatha ndipo zomera zikusowa, alimi amangopita kumunda wina ndipo ntchitoyo imayambiranso.

Kudula mitengo ndi kusintha kwa nyengo

Kugwetsa nkhalango kumadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikuwonjezera kutentha kwa dziko. Vuto #1 - Kudula mitengo kumakhudza kuzungulira kwa mpweya padziko lonse lapansi. Mamolekyu a gasi omwe amayamwa ma radiation ya infrared amatchedwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kumayambitsa kusintha kwa nyengo. Tsoka ilo, mpweya, womwe ndi wachiwiri kwa mpweya wochuluka kwambiri m'mlengalenga mwathu, suyamwa ma radiation a infrared komanso mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Kumbali imodzi, malo obiriwira amathandiza kulimbana ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Kumbali ina, malinga ndi Greenpeace, chaka chilichonse matani 300 biliyoni a carbon amatulutsidwa m'chilengedwe chifukwa cha kuwotcha nkhuni monga nkhuni.

sindiwo mpweya woipa wokhawo umene umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. ilinso m'gululi. Kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango pakusinthana kwa nthunzi wa madzi ndi mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide pakati pa mlengalenga ndi dziko lapansi ndilo vuto lalikulu kwambiri la nyengo masiku ano.

Kudula nkhalango kwachepetsa kutsika kwa nthunzi padziko lonse lapansi ndi 4%, malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi US National Academy of Sciences. Ngakhale kusintha kwakung'ono kotereku kwa nthunzi kumatha kusokoneza nyengo zachilengedwe komanso kusintha mawonekedwe anyengo omwe alipo.

Zotsatira zambiri za kudula mitengo

Nkhalangoyi ndi chilengedwe chovuta kumvetsa chomwe chimakhudza pafupifupi zamoyo zamtundu uliwonse padziko lapansi. Kuchotsa nkhalangoyi m’chitsanzo chimenechi n’chimodzimodzi ndi kuwononga zachilengedwe m’derali komanso padziko lonse lapansi.

National Geographic inanena kuti 70 peresenti ya zomera ndi zinyama za padziko lapansi zimakhala m’nkhalango, ndipo kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumabweretsa kutha kwa malo okhala. Zotsatira zoyipa zimakumananso ndi anthu am'deralo, omwe akugwira ntchito yosonkhanitsa zakudya zakutchire ndi kusaka.

Mitengo imathandiza kwambiri pa kayendedwe ka madzi. Zimayamwa mvula ndi kutulutsa mpweya wamadzi mumlengalenga. Mitengo imachepetsa kuipitsidwa mwa kutsekereza madzi owononga, malinga ndi North Carolina State University. M’chigwa cha Amazon, madzi opitirira theka la madzi a m’chilengedwechi amachokera ku zomera, malinga ndi kunena kwa National Geographic Society.

Mizu yamitengo ili ngati nangula. Popanda nkhalango, nthaka imakokoloka mosavuta kapena kuwulutsidwa, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zomera. Asayansi akuyerekeza kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nthaka yolimidwa padziko lonse lapansi yawonongeka chifukwa cha kudula mitengo kuyambira m’ma 1960. M’malo mwa nkhalango zakale, mbewu monga khofi, soya ndi mitengo ya kanjedza zimabzalidwa. Kubzala mitundu iyi kumabweretsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka chifukwa cha kamizu kakang'ono ka mbewuzi. Zomwe zikuchitika ku Haiti ndi Dominican Republic ndi zowonetsera. Mayiko onsewa ali pachilumba chimodzi, koma Haiti ili ndi nkhalango zochepa. Zotsatira zake, dziko la Haiti likukumana ndi mavuto monga kukokoloka kwa nthaka, kusefukira kwa madzi komanso kugumuka kwa nthaka.

Kutsutsa kudula mitengo

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mitengo yambiri iyenera kubzalidwa kuti vutoli lithe. Kubzala kumatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kudula mitengo, koma sikungathetse vutolo.

Kuphatikiza pa kubzalanso mitengo, njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Global Forest Watch idayambitsa ntchito yothana ndi kudula mitengo mwachidziwitso. Bungweli limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa satelayiti, ma data otseguka komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu kuti azindikire ndikuletsa kudula mitengo. Anthu omwe amakhala nawo pa intaneti amapemphanso anthu kuti afotokoze zomwe adakumana nazo - ndi zotsatira zotani zomwe adakumana nazo chifukwa chakutha kwa nkhalango.

Siyani Mumakonda