Squid ndi gulu lalikulu la ma cephalopods okhala ndi zida khumi. Kunja, mitundu yambiri ya nyamayi imakhala yofanana, koma kukula kwake kumasiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale mitundu yofala kwambiri nthawi zambiri imafikira 0.5 m. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu amitundu ikuluikulu amatha kukula kuposa 16 m. Squid ali ndi thupi looneka ngati torpedo, purlin, mapeyala asanu a tentacles, omwe amatha kusiyana muutali ndi malo omwe amayamwa. Agologolo amapumira ndi mawere a chisa. Ziwalo zamaganizo ndi maso, ziwalo zoyamba za bwino, ndi zinthu zina zapakhungu. Kumva sikumakula. Mwa mawonekedwe a morphological, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa chinthu chodziwika bwino cha thupi, chotchedwa. "gladius" - muvi wa cartilaginous womwe umayendetsa thupi lonse la squid, komanso kukhalapo kwa mitima itatu. Luso losazolowereka la squids ndi kusinthika kwa ziwalo.
Nyamayo imayenda mothandizidwa ndi jeti. Squids ndi achangu, amanyamula adani. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zazikulu ndi nsomba zazing'ono, komanso zakudya zikuphatikizapo zooplankton ndi anthu osiyanasiyana a m'munsi mwa nyanja. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya squid imatha kukhazikika pazakudya zamtundu wina kapena kusintha moyo ndi zakudya m'nyengoyi. Squid amatha kukhala mozama mosiyanasiyana. Kuzama kwenikweni kwa malo a nyamayi sikudziwika, koma kumatha kupitirira 8000 m. Poganizira kuti squids okha ndi chakudya cha nyama zambiri zam'madzi, ndi bwino kutchula chipangizo chawo chotetezera - "bomba la inki". Nyamayi wogwidwa akhoza kuwomberanso msodzi ndege yamadzimadzi. Komanso, panthaŵi ya ngozi, nyama zina zimatha kudumpha m’madzi, zikuuluka mtunda wautali mumlengalenga. Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo, ndi bwino kunena zomwe zimagwidwa ndi asodzi amateur: Pacific, Commander, Argentina, wamba (European). Mitundu monga giant and colossal (Antarctic) colmar imakhala ndi mbiri ya cephalopod yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imatha kukhala yowopsa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ikuluikulu ya nyamayi imakonda kupha nyambo zophera nsomba, pomwe palibe mwayi woigwira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamasewera. Mitundu ina imadziwika ndi kudyetsa ndi kusamuka kwa mbewu.
Njira zophera nsomba
M'gawo la Russia, nsomba za nyamakazi zimapezeka ku Far East. Njira yaikulu yogwirira nkhonozi ndi kuwedza pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana ndi kugwedera. Kuphatikiza apo, zolemba zofulumira zopingasa komanso zoyima zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, njira yabwino kwambiri yolumikizirana ndi ndodo zamphamvu zam'madzi zokhala ndi ma reel ndi zingwe zoyenera. Mbali ina ya nyamayi ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito ku zida zoyenda mwachangu. Nyambo zambiri zapadera zimakhala ndi "zisa" zachitsulo m'malo mwa mbedza zomwe zimakhazikika. Kusakhalapo kwa zovala zamkati kumafuna, pokoka nyamayi wokokedwa, kuchita waya mwachangu popanda kutsitsa ndi kuyimitsa. Zonsezi zikutanthawuza kugwiritsa ntchito ma coils akuluakulu okhala ndi chiŵerengero cha magiya apamwamba. Ndodo zokhala ndi ma inertial reel okhala ndi ng'oma yayikulu m'mimba mwake zimakhala ndi mwayi. Koma kusodza nawo kumafuna luso ndi chidziwitso. Ndi zonsezi, kukula kwa mitundu yambiri ya nyamayi sikutanthauza zida zamphamvu kwambiri. Posankha zida zoyenera, m'malo mwake ndiyenera kupitilira pa mfundo yodalirika komanso yabwino posodza m'sitima. Kupha nsomba za squid kumachitika, nthawi zambiri madzulo komanso usiku. Nyama zimakopeka ndi kuwala. Pachifukwa ichi, nyali zosiyanasiyana kapena zida zokhala ndi zinthu zodzikundikira zowunikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zambiri mwazinthu zoterezi zimapangidwa. Atha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, ndipo nthawi zina achilendo, koma amangoyang'ana chinthu chimodzi chokha - kukopa gulu la squid. Kusodza kumatha kuchitika bwino masana, pomwe zinthu zowala sizikufunika.
Nyambo
M'mbuyomu, ndipo ngakhale tsopano, anthu okhala ku Primorye adagwira ndikugwirabe nyamayi pa ma spinner wamba. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito nyambo zachikhalidwe, monga jig. M'zaka zaposachedwa, osodza ambiri osachita masewera, kuphatikiza a ku Europe, amakonda nyambo zapadera zomwe zimapangidwira usodzi wotero. Amapangidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'maiko ambiri aku Asia: Korea, Japan, China ndi ena. Chofunika kwambiri posankha nyambo ndi zida ndi mawonekedwe a squids kuti asinthe mtundu chifukwa cha kutulutsa magetsi. Awa ndiye maziko a njira zophera nsomba ndi nyambo pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowala. Nyambo zapadera ndizo zomwe zimatchedwa "squid". Uwu ndi mtundu wosiyana wa nyambo, womwe ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndi wanthawi zonse kwa anthu ambiri aku Russia omwe amawotchera kapena kugwedezeka kwamakono, ma analogue a pilkers ndi zosintha zawo.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Squid amakhala m'madera ambiri a nyengo, koma amapezeka kwambiri kumadera otentha komanso otentha. Mitundu ina yakumpoto ndi yaying'ono ndipo, monga lamulo, sizimasiyana mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu Nyanja Yakuda, mulibe nyamayi, monga ma cephalopods ena, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mchere wamadzi. M'madzi aku Russia, nyamayi wodziwika kwambiri amakhala m'madzi a m'chigawo cha Pacific. Apa mutha kugwira nkhono ngakhale m'madzi achilimwe a Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Ku Primorye, magulu a nyamakazi amawonekera kumapeto kwa Julayi. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayi zimakhala m'nyanja zambiri zomwe zimatsuka ku Ulaya, kuyambira kumpoto mpaka ku Adriatic. Kugwira nyamayi m'nyanja ya Mediterranean ndikotchuka kwambiri komanso kumachita maulendo osodza.
Kubalana
Kuweta nyamayi kuli ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasiyanitsa banja ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi. Kukhwima pakugonana mumitundu yambiri ya molluscs kumatha kuchitika pakatha chaka chimodzi. Nyengo zoberekera nyamayi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala zosiyana, kuphatikiza, chifukwa cha komwe amakhala. Komanso, pakhoza kukhala angapo a iwo pachaka, mwachitsanzo, mu kasupe ndi autumn, monga nyamayi wa mkulu. Azimayi amayika makapisozi a dzira. Iwo akhoza ananamizira mu mawonekedwe a soseji kapena maliboni, komanso vymetyvaya payokha. Kutengera ndi mitundu, imatha kuchitika m'mphepete mwamadzi kapena kumangiriza pansi.