Kodi nkhuku zimakula bwanji? Sindikunena za nkhuku zomwe zimaweta dzira, koma zomwe zimaweta kuti zipange nyama. Mukuganiza kuti akuyenda pabwalo ndikukumba udzu? Kuyendayenda m’munda ndi kukhamukira m’fumbi? Palibe chonga ichi. Broilers amasungidwa m'nkhokwe zocheperako za 20000-100000 kapena kupitilira apo ndipo chomwe angawone ndi kuwala kwa kuwala.
Tangoganizani nkhokwe yaikulu yokhala ndi bedi la udzu kapena matabwa, komanso opanda zenera limodzi. Anapiye ongobadwa kumene akaikidwa m’khola ili, zikuwoneka kuti muli malo ambiri, tinthu tating’ono tambirimbiri tomwe timayenda mozungulira, kudya ndi kumwa kuchokera ku zodyera zokha. M'nkhokwe, kuwala kowala kumayaka nthawi zonse, kumazimitsidwa kwa theka la ola kamodzi patsiku. Nyaliyo ikazima, nkhuku zimagona, ndiye kuti nyaliyo ikayatsidwa mwadzidzidzi, nkhuku zimachita mantha ndipo zimatha kuponderezana mpaka kufa chifukwa cha mantha. Patapita milungu isanu ndi iwiri, kutangotsala pang'ono kuikidwa pansi pa mpeni, nkhuku zimanyengedwa kuti zikule mofulumira kuposa momwe zimakhalira mwachibadwa. Kuunikira kowala kosalekeza ndi gawo la chinyengo ichi, chifukwa ndi kuwala komwe kumawapangitsa kukhala maso, ndipo amadya nthawi yayitali komanso kudya kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Chakudya chimene amapatsidwa chimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndipo chimalimbikitsa kunenepa, nthawi zina chakudyachi chimakhala ndi zidutswa za nyama zophikidwa kuchokera ku nkhuku zina. Tsopano lingalirani khola lomwelo likusefukira ndi nkhuku zazikulu. Zikuwoneka zodabwitsa, koma munthu aliyense amalemera makilogilamu 1.8 ndipo mbalame iliyonse yachikulire imakhala ndi malo olingana ndi sewero la kompyuta. Tsopano simungapeze bedi la udzu lija chifukwa silinasinthidwepo kuyambira tsiku loyamba lija. Ngakhale kuti nkhuku zakula mofulumira kwambiri, zimalirabe ngati anapiye ndipo zili ndi maso abuluu omwewo, koma zimaoneka ngati mbalame zazikulu. Mukayang'anitsitsa, mungapeze mbalame zakufa. Ena samadya, koma amakhala ndi kupuma movutikira, zonsezi chifukwa chakuti mitima yawo simatha kutulutsa magazi okwanira kuti apereke thupi lawo lonse lalikulu. Mbalame zakufa ndi kufa zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi kuwonongedwa. Malinga ndi kunena kwa magazini a pafamu Poultry Ward, pafupifupi 12 peresenti ya nkhuku zimafa motere—72 miliyoni chaka chilichonse, nthaŵi yaitali zisanati aphedwe. Ndipo chiwerengerochi chikukulirakulira chaka chilichonse. Palinso zinthu zimene sitingathe kuziona. Sitikuona kuti chakudya chawo chili ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amene amafala mosavuta m’nkhokwe zodzaza kwambiri. Sitingathenso kuona kuti mbalame zinayi mwa zisanu zili ndi mafupa othyoka kapena opunduka miyendo chifukwa mafupa awo alibe mphamvu zokwanira kuti azitha kulemera. Ndipo, ndithudi, sitikuwona kuti ambiri a iwo ali ndi zilonda zamoto ndi zilonda pamiyendo ndi pachifuwa. Zilondazi zimayamba ndi ammonia mu manyowa a nkhuku. Sikuli kwachibadwa kuti nyama iliyonse ikakamizidwe kuthera moyo wake wonse itaima pa ndowe zake, ndipo zilonda ndi chimodzi mwa zotsatira za kukhala m’mikhalidwe yoteroyo. Kodi munayamba mwakhalapo ndi zilonda zapamalirime? Zimakhala zowawa kwambiri, sichoncho? Choncho nthawi zambiri zatsoka mbalame yokutidwa ndi iwo kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumapazi. Mu 1994, nkhuku zokwana 676 miliyoni zinaphedwa ku UK, ndipo pafupifupi zonse zinkakhala m’malo oipa kwambiri chifukwa anthu ankafuna nyama yotsika mtengo. Zinthu zilinso chimodzimodzi m’maiko ena a European Union. Ku US, nkhuku za nkhuku zokwana 6 biliyoni zimawonongedwa chaka chilichonse, 98 peresenti ya zomwe zimalimidwa mofananamo. Koma kodi munafunsidwapo ngati mukufuna kuti nyama ikhale yocheperapo poyerekeza ndi phwetekere ndikutengera nkhanza zotere. Tsoka ilo, asayansi akuyang'anabe njira zopezera kulemera kwakukulu mu nthawi yaifupi kwambiri. Nkhuku zikamakula mofulumira, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa iwo, koma alimi amapeza ndalama zambiri. Sikuti nkhuku zimathera moyo wawo wonse m'nkhokwe zodzaza ndi anthu, momwemonso nkhuku ndi abakha. Ndi ma turkeys, ndizoyipa kwambiri chifukwa amakhalabe ndi zidziwitso zachilengedwe, kotero kugwidwa kumawavutitsa kwambiri. Ndikusilira kuti m'malingaliro anu, turkey ndi mbalame yoyera yoyenda ndi milomo yonyansa kwambiri. Mbalameyi ndi yokongola kwambiri, yokhala ndi mchira wakuda ndi nthenga za mapiko zomwe zimanyezimira mofiira mobiriwira komanso zamkuwa. Nkhuku zakutchire zimapezekabe kumadera ena ku USA ndi South America. Zimagona m’mitengo ndi kumanga zisa zawo pansi, koma uyenera kukhala wothamanga kwambiri ndi wofulumira kugwira ngakhale imodzi, chifukwa zimatha kuuluka mtunda wa makilomita 88 pa ola ndipo zimatha kusunga liŵiro limenelo kwa kilomita imodzi ndi theka. Nkhumba za Turkey zimayendayenda kufunafuna njere, mtedza, udzu, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokwawa. Nyama zazikulu zonenepa zomwe zimaŵetedwa makamaka kuti zidye sizingawuluke, zimangoyenda; iwo anaŵetedwa makamaka kuti apereke nyama yochuluka monga momwe kungathekere. Sianapiye onse a Turkey omwe amakulira m'malo opangira broiler. Zina zimasungidwa m'mashedi apadera, momwe muli kuwala kwachilengedwe ndi mpweya wabwino. Koma ngakhale m’mashedi amenewa, anapiye amene akukula alibe pafupifupi malo aulere ndipo pansi pamakhala chimbudzi. Zomwe zimachitika ndi turkeys ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi nkhuku za broiler - mbalame zomwe zikukula zimavutika ndi kutentha kwa ammonia komanso kukhudzana ndi maantibayotiki nthawi zonse, komanso matenda a mtima ndi kupweteka kwa mwendo. Mikhalidwe ya kuchulukana kosapiririka kumakhala chifukwa cha nkhawa, chifukwa chake, mbalamezi zimangojomphana wina ndi mnzake chifukwa chotopa. Opanga atulukira njira yotetezera mbalame kuti zisavulazane - pamene anapiye, omwe ali ndi masiku ochepa okha, amadula nsonga ya mlomo wawo ndi tsamba lotentha. Zovuta kwambiri za turkeys ndi zomwe zimaŵetedwa kuti zisunge mtundu. Amakula mokulirapo ndipo amalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 38, manja awo ndi opunduka kwambiri moti sangathe kuyenda. Kodi sizikuwoneka zachilendo kwa inu kuti anthu akakhala patebulo pa Khrisimasi kuti alemekeze mtendere ndi chikhululukiro, amayamba kupha munthu pomudula khosi. Pamene “abuula” ndi “ahh” n’kunena kuti ndi nyama yankhuku yokoma bwanji, amanyalanyaza ululu wonse ndi dothi limene moyo wa mbalameyi wadutsamo. Ndipo akatsegula bere lalikulu la Turkey, samazindikira n’komwe kuti nyama yaikuluyi yasandutsa Turkey kukhala chinthu chodabwitsa. Cholengedwa chimenechi sichingathenso kunyamula mkazi wake popanda thandizo la munthu. Kwa iwo, chikhumbo cha "Khrisimasi Yosangalatsa" chimamveka ngati chipongwe.