Anthu akhala akudya nyama kuyambira nthawi ya Ice Age. Zinali nthawi imeneyo, monga momwe akatswiri amanenera, munthu anachoka ku zakudya za zomera n’kuyamba kudya nyama. "Chizoloŵezi" ichi chakhalapo mpaka lero - chifukwa cha kufunikira (mwachitsanzo, pakati pa Eskimos), chizolowezi kapena moyo. Koma nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake ndi kusamvetsetsana. Kwa zaka makumi asanu zapitazi, akatswiri odziwika bwino a zaumoyo, akatswiri a zakudya, ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zamoyo apeza umboni wosatsutsika wakuti simuyenera kudya nyama kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, makamaka, zakudya zomwe zimaloledwa kwa adani zimatha kuvulaza anthu. Tsoka, zamasamba, zochokera pazigawo za filosofi, kawirikawiri zimakhala njira ya moyo. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tisiye mbali ya uzimu yokonda zamasamba pakadali pano - zolemba zambiri zitha kupangidwa pankhaniyi. Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo zenizeni, kunena kwake titero, “zachikunja” zokomera kusiya nyama. Tiyeni tikambirane kaye zomwe zimatchedwanthano ya protein“. Izi ndi zomwe zikukhudza. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe anthu ambiri amapewa kudya zamasamba ndi kuopa kuyambitsa kuchepa kwa mapuloteni m'thupi. "Mungapeze bwanji mapuloteni onse abwino omwe mungafune kuchokera ku zomera, zakudya zopanda mkaka?" anthu otero amafunsa. Tisanayankhe funsoli, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti puloteni kwenikweni ndi chiyani. Mu 1838, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Netherlands Jan Müldscher anapeza mankhwala okhala ndi nayitrogeni, carbon, haidrojeni, okosijeni ndi, mocheperapo, maelementi ena a mankhwala. Pagulu ili, lomwe limayambitsa zamoyo zonse pa Dziko Lapansi, wasayansi wotchedwa "primary". Pambuyo pake, kufunikira kwenikweni kwa mapuloteni kunatsimikiziridwa: kuti chikhale chamoyo chilichonse, kuchuluka kwake kumayenera kudyedwa. Monga momwe zinakhalira, chifukwa cha izi ndi amino acid, "magwero oyambirira a moyo", omwe mapuloteni amapangidwa. Pazonse, 22 amino acid amadziwika, 8 omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi ofunikira (sapangidwa ndi thupi ndipo ayenera kudyedwa ndi chakudya). Ma amino acid 8 awa ndi: lecine, isolecine, valine, lysine, trypophane, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine. Zonsezi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya zoyenera pazakudya zopatsa thanzi. Mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950, nyama inkaonedwa ngati gwero labwino kwambiri la mapuloteni, chifukwa ili ndi ma amino acid onse 8 ofunikira, komanso moyenerera. Komabe, masiku ano akatswiri a kadyedwe ka zakudya afika ponena kuti zakudya za m’mbewu monga gwero la mapuloteni si zabwino kokha ngati nyama, komanso kuposa izo. Zomera zimakhalanso ndi ma amino acid onse 8. Zomera zimatha kupanga ma amino acid kuchokera mumpweya, m'nthaka, ndi m'madzi, koma nyama zimatha kupeza mapuloteni kudzera muzomera: kaya kudya, kapena kudya nyama zomwe zadya zomera ndikumwetsa zakudya zonse. Choncho, munthu ali ndi chisankho: kuti awatengere mwachindunji kudzera muzomera kapena mozungulira, pamtengo wamtengo wapatali wachuma ndi chuma - kuchokera ku nyama ya nyama. Choncho, nyama ilibe ma amino acid ena kupatulapo omwe nyama zimapeza kuchokera ku zomera - ndipo anthu amatha kuwatenga kuchokera ku zomera. Komanso, zomera zakudya ndi ubwino wina: pamodzi ndi amino zidulo, inu kupeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri mayamwidwe wathunthu wa mapuloteni: chakudya, mavitamini, kufufuza zinthu, mahomoni, chlorophyll, etc. Mu 1954, gulu la asayansi pa Harvard University. anachita kafukufuku ndipo anapeza kuti ngati munthu adya masamba, mbewu monga chimanga, ndi mkaka nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti amangodya zomanga thupi za tsiku ndi tsiku. Iwo anaganiza kuti kunali kovuta kwambiri kusunga zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamasamba popanda kupitirira chiwerengerochi. Patapita nthawi, mu 1972, Dr. F. Stear anachititsa maphunziro akeake okhudza kudya zakudya zomanga thupi ndi anthu osadya masamba. Zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa: ambiri mwa maphunzirowa adalandira maproteni oposa awiri! Chifukwa chake "nthano yokhudzana ndi mapuloteni" idatsutsidwa. Tiyeni tsopano titembenuzire mbali yotsatira ya vuto limene tikukambiranali. Mankhwala amakono amatsimikizira: kudya nyama kumakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri. Matenda a khansa ndi amtima ayamba kukhala mliri m’mayiko amene anthu amadya kwambiri nyama, pamene kuli kocheperako, matenda oterowo ndi osowa kwambiri. Rollo Russell m’buku lake lakuti “On the Causes of Cancer” analemba kuti: “Ndinapeza kuti m’maiko 25 amene nzika zake zimadya kwambiri chakudya cha nyama, 19 ali ndi chiŵerengero chochuluka kwambiri cha kansa, ndipo dziko limodzi lokha ndilo limene liri ndi chiŵerengero chochepa, pa Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo Pamaiko 35 amene amadya nyama mochepera kapena osadya konse, palibe amene ali ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha khansa.” Magazini ya 1961 ya American Physicians Association inati "Kusintha zakudya zamasamba mu 90-97% ya milandu kumalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda amtima." Nyama ikaphedwa, zinyalala zake zimasiya kutulutsidwa ndi kayendedwe kake ka magazi ndipo “zimasungidwa” m’thupi lakufa. Chotero odya nyama amamwa zinthu zakupha zimene, m’nyama yamoyo, zimasiya thupi ndi mkodzo. Dr. Owen S. Parret, m’buku lake lakuti Why I Don’t Eat Meat, ananena kuti nyama ikawiritsidwa, mumtsukowo mumapezeka zinthu zovulaza, zomwe zimachititsa kuti m’thupi mwake muzikhala zinthu zofanana ndi mkodzo. M'mayiko otukuka omwe ali ndi chitukuko chambiri chaulimi, nyama "yolemeretsedwa" ndi zinthu zambiri zovulaza: DDT, arsenic (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholimbikitsa kukula), sodium sulfate (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa nyama "mwatsopano", mtundu wofiira wamagazi), DES, mahomoni opangidwa (odziwika ndi carcinogen). Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimakhala ndi ma carcinogens ambiri komanso metastasogens. Mwachitsanzo, mapaundi 2 okha a nyama yokazinga ali ndi benzopyrene wochuluka monga ndudu 600! Mwa kuchepetsa kudya kwa cholesterol, nthawi imodzi timachepetsa mwayi wodziunjikira mafuta, motero chiopsezo cha kufa chifukwa cha matenda amtima kapena apoplexy. Chodabwitsa chotere monga atherosulinosis ndi lingaliro losamveka kwa wamasamba. Buku la Encyclopædia Britannica limati: “Mapuloteni opangidwa ku mtedza, mbewu, ngakhale mkaka amaonedwa kuti ndi osayera kwambiri kusiyana ndi amene amapezeka mu nyama ya ng’ombe—ali ndi pafupifupi 68 peresenti ya zinthu zamadzi zimene zili ndi kachilomboka. "Zonyansa" izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga osati pamtima, komanso thupi lonse. Thupi la munthu ndilo makina ovuta kwambiri. Ndipo, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi galimoto iliyonse, mafuta amodzi amawakwanira bwino kuposa ena. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti nyama ndimafuta osagwira ntchito bwino pamakinawa, ndipo imabwera pamtengo wokwera. Mwachitsanzo, a Eskimo, omwe makamaka amadya nsomba ndi nyama, amakalamba mofulumira kwambiri. Avereji ya moyo wawo sipitilira zaka 30. Anthu a mtundu wa Kirghiz pa nthawi ina ankadyanso kwambiri nyama komanso sankakhala ndi moyo zaka zoposa 40. Kumbali ina, pali mafuko onga Ahunza amene amakhala m’mapiri a Himalaya kapena magulu achipembedzo amene avereji ya moyo wawo imasiyanasiyana pakati pa zaka 80 ndi 100! Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti kudya zamasamba ndi chifukwa cha thanzi lawo labwino kwambiri. Amwenye a Maya a ku Yutacan ndi mafuko a Yemeni a gulu la Semitic amadziwikanso chifukwa cha thanzi lawo labwino - kachiwiri chifukwa cha zakudya zamasamba. Ndipo pomaliza, ndikufuna kutsindika chinthu chimodzi. Podya nyama, munthu, monga lamulo, amabisala pansi pa ketchups, sauces ndi gravies. Amachikonza ndikuchisintha m'njira zosiyanasiyana: zokazinga, zithupsa, mphodza, ndi zina zotero. Kodi zonsezi ndi za chiyani? Bwanji osadya nyama yaiwisi, monga zilombo? Akatswiri ambiri azakudya, akatswiri azachilengedwe komanso akatswiri azachipatala awonetsa motsimikizika: anthu sali odya nyama mwachibadwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amasintha mwachangu chakudya chomwe sichidziwika kwa iwo okha. Mwachilengedwe, anthu ali pafupi kwambiri ndi nyama zodya zitsamba monga anyani, njovu, akavalo, ndi ng’ombe kusiyana ndi nyama zolusa monga agalu, akambuku, ndi akambuku. Tinene kuti zolusa sizituluka thukuta; mwa iwo, kusinthana kutentha kumachitika kudzera mwa owongolera a kupuma komanso lilime lotuluka. Nyama zamasamba (ndi anthu) zimakhala ndi zotupa za thukuta chifukwa cha izi, zomwe zimatuluka m'thupi zinthu zovulaza zosiyanasiyana. Zolusa zimakhala ndi mano aatali komanso akuthwa kuti zigwire ndi kupha nyama; herbivores (ndi anthu) ali ndi mano aafupi ndipo alibe zikhadabo. Malovu a nyama zolusa alibe amylase motero sangathe kusweka koyambirira kwa wowuma. Tizilombo timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi ta hydrochloric acid kuti tigaye mafupa. Zilombo zimanyamula madzi, monga mphaka, mwachitsanzo, pamene zinyama (ndi anthu) zimayamwa kudzera m'mano awo. Pali mafanizo ambiri otere, ndipo aliyense wa iwo amachitira umboni: thupi la munthu limafanana ndi zamasamba. Mwangwiro physiologically, anthu si ndinazolowera kudya nyama. Pano pali mikangano yabwino kwambiri yokomera zamasamba.
2022-11-11