Zamkatimu
Usodzi wamakono ndi wosiyana ndi zomwe zinkachitika zaka makumi atatu kapena makumi asanu zapitazo. Choyamba, iye anakhala katswiri wa sayansi. Timagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zamakono, nyambo zopangidwa pazipangizo zamakono zamakono. Wopeza nsomba ndi chimodzimodzi.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito echo sounder ndi chipangizo chake
An echo sounder ndi chipangizo chamagetsi choyimbira. Amakhala ndi transceiver, yomwe ili pansi pa madzi, chowunikira chizindikiro chokhala ndi chinsalu ndi gawo lowongolera, mwachisawawa chopatsa mphamvu chosiyana.
Kamvekedwe kakang'ono ka usodzi kamatumiza kamvekedwe ka mawu m'mphepete mwa madzi ndikujambula mawonekedwe awo kuchokera ku zopinga, zofanana ndi zida zoyendera pansi pamadzi ndi maere. Chidziwitso chonsechi ndi chofunikira kwambiri kwa wowotchera.
Transceiver ili pansi pa madzi ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi chingwe chowongolera chingwe. Nthawi zambiri iyi ndi sensa imodzi, koma pali zomveka zomveka ndi ziwiri kapena zitatu. Imalumikizidwa ku gawo lowongolera ndi chingwe kapena opanda zingwe.
Njira yotsirizirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamawu omveka a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popha nsomba, makamaka, polemba pansi.
Chigawo chowongolera chimakhala ndi analyzer ya chidziwitso chomwe chimalowa mu sensa. Imagwira nthawi yobwerera kwa chizindikiro, kupotoza kwake kosiyanasiyana. Ndi iyo, mutha kuyika ma frequency osiyanasiyana, ma frequency a pulse ndi mavoti a sensa.
Imawonetsanso zambiri pazenera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho. Chophimbacho n'chofunika kwa angler, chifukwa chimakulolani kusanthula zomwe mwalandira kuchokera ku echo sounder ndikupanga chisankho choyenera posodza.
Zida zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimakhala mosiyana ndi mawu a echo, chifukwa zimakhala zazikulu komanso zolemera. Izi ndichifukwa choti chowulira chapamwamba cha echo chimathera mphamvu zokwanira pazamphamvu zamayimbidwe zamphamvu, pakuwunikiranso ndikuwotcha chinsalu. Kuphatikiza apo, kusodza m'nyengo yozizira kumachepetsa chuma chawo ndipo kumafuna kubwezeretsanso mwachangu. Zomveka zina za echo, makamaka zausodzi wachisanu, zimakhala ndi mabatire omangidwa mu unit control unit, koma gwero ndi khalidwe la zipangizo zoterezi ndizochepa.
Mitundu ya mawu omveka
Malinga ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito, ndi chizolowezi kusiyanitsa pakati pa ma echo sounders okhala ndi ngodya yaying'ono (zojambula zapansi), zokhala ndi ngodya yayikulu, ndi zokuzira mawu a multibeam. Zomveka za Echo zausodzi wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimakhala ndi kachingwe kakang'ono ka sensa komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi gawo lowongolera kudzera pakulankhulana opanda zingwe. Sensa imamangiriridwa kumapeto kwa mzere wa nsomba ndikuponyedwa m'madzi kuti ifufuze pansi pa dziwe.
Gulu lapadera la ma echo sounders ndi ma scanner apangidwe. Amapangidwa kuti apeze chithunzi chapadera, chowoneka bwino panthawi yosodza ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyenda. M'nyengo yozizira, ma scanner apansi ndi ma echo sounders amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa nsomba zakuya, zomwe zimatchedwa flashers ndi zabwino kwambiri - echo sounders zomwe zimasonyeza masewera a nyambo ndi khalidwe la nsomba zozungulira, kuphatikizapo kuluma mosamala.
Ma scanner apansi
Izi ndizomveka zomveka bwino za echo, zimapangidwira kuti zizindikire kuya ndi pang'ono - chikhalidwe cha pansi. Amapangidwa ndi pafupifupi makampani onse - Deeper, Fisher, Humminbird, Garmin, Lowrance, koma Praktik ndi otchuka makamaka pakati pathu chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika mtengo. Mwa njira, Othandizira ali ndi mtengo wokulirapo, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kupanga sensor yopapatiza pamtengo wotero. Miyendo yochokera ku sensa ya echo sounder imasiyana pang'ono, pafupifupi madigiri 10-15. Izi zimakulolani kuti mupeze chithunzi cholondola cha pansi pakusintha molunjika pansi pa boti pamene ikuyenda.
Chithunzicho chidzasonyeza gawo laling'ono chabe la pansi, koma ndilolondola kwambiri kuti lidziwe zomera zomwe zili pa izo, ndipo nthawi zina chikhalidwe cha nthaka.
Kagawo kakang'ono kakuchitapo kanthu ndi chifukwa cha ngodya yopapatiza ya kufalikira kwa mawu. Mwachitsanzo, pakuya kwa 6-7 metres, iwonetsa chigamba pansi chochepera mita m'mimba mwake.
Izi ndizabwino kwambiri popeza kabowo kakang'ono komwe mudasodzako nthawi yatha, koma zimagwira ntchito moyipa kwambiri mukamayang'ana nsomba mozama. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuya kwa thermocline kudzawonekera pazenera, koma ngati gulu la nsomba ndi mita kuchokera m'ngalawa, osati pansi pake, sizidzawoneka.
Zomveka zokulirapo za echo
Apa, mbali ya kufalikira kwa mtengo ndi pafupifupi madigiri 50-60. Pankhaniyi, kuphimba kumakhala kwakukulu - pamtunda wa mamita 10, mukhoza kutenga gawo la mamita khumi pansi ndikuwona zomwe zili pamwamba pake. Tsoka ilo, chithunzicho chikhoza kusokonezedwa.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti chinsalu sichidzalandira mawonekedwe apamwamba, koma mawonekedwe a mbali. Nsomba, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi echo sounder, zimatha kuyima pansi pa bwato, kukhala kumanzere, kumanja. Chifukwa cha kupotoza, chowulira cha echo sichikhala cholondola. Zingakhale zosawonetsa algae kapena driftwood, kapena kuziwonetsa molakwika, zimakhala ndi kakhungu kakang'ono pafupi ndi pansi.
Double beam echo sounder
Zimaphatikiza ziwiri zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa ndipo zimakhala ndi matabwa awiri: ndi ngodya yopapatiza komanso yotakata. Zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze bwino nsomba ndipo nthawi yomweyo muzichita kuyeza kwakuya kwapamwamba. Ambiri opeza nsomba amakono omwe sali a mtengo wotsika kwambiri ali amtundu uwu, kuphatikizapo Deeper Pro, Lowrance for feeder fishing. Tsoka ilo, kuphatikiza kwa mawonekedwe kumawapangitsa kukhala ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Iwo ndi okwera mtengo osati chifukwa cha zipangizo zamakono zamayimbidwe, komanso chifukwa chachikulu chophimba kukula. Kupatula apo, nthawi zina imayenera kuganizira matabwa onsewo nthawi imodzi, zomwe sizingatheke pazenera laling'ono. Mwamwayi, zitsanzo zoterezi nthawi zambiri zimatha kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi foni yamakono. Zotsatira zake, wowotchera amatha kuwona chilichonse pazenera la foni yake yam'manja, kuphatikiza kuphunzira kwa nkhokwe ndikujambulitsa chithunzicho pamapu a GPS ndipo mwachangu, pazenera pomwe, lembani mfundo zosangalatsa za usodzi.
Structural Scanner
Uwu ndi mtundu wa echo sounder yokhala ndi ngodya yayikulu yamitengo kapena mipanda iwiri, yomwe imawonetsa chithunzicho pazenera osati ngati mawonekedwe am'mbali, koma ngati chiwonetsero cha isometric chikawonedwa pang'ono kuchokera pamwamba. Dongosolo loterolo limatha kuwonetsa mawonekedwe apansi pa nthawi yeniyeni, ngati kuti mng'oma akuwuluka pamwamba pa nthaka pamtunda wotsika ndipo amawona tokhala, grooves ndi mabowo onse.
Mwachitsanzo, mukawedza panjanji kapena kupondaponda ndi mawu omveka bwino, muyenera kumangoyang'ana nthawi zonse, kuyang'ana pazizindikiro zakuya, kuti musataye m'mphepete kapena kuyenda ndendende motsetsereka.
Izi zimawonjezera nthawi yodutsa gawo limodzi ndi theka mpaka kawiri. Mukawedza ndi wopanga, mutha kusunga njirayo m'mphepete mwake, pomwe mapindikira ake onse adzawoneka.
Nsomba zamapangidwe sizinapangidwe kuti zizigwira ntchito mozama kwambiri, koma muzochitika za Russia, our country, Belarus, Kazakhstan ndi Baltic States nthawi zambiri zimasodza pamtunda wosakwana mamita 25. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi woyenda pansi, koma zopanga ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa zomveka zapawiri-beam echo, chifukwa zimafunikira chophimba chabwino chokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Echo sounders kwa nthawi yozizira nsomba
Monga lamulo, awa ndi mawu omveka m'thumba. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuwonetsa kuya pa malo osodza. Nthawi zambiri, pobowola mabowo, kuluma kumapita mozama kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yochepa kwambiri imathera pobowola pansi pamadzi posodza nsomba m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, kapena malo opha nsomba zoyera. Ma echo sounders amtundu umodzi ndi awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omaliza amathanso kuwonetsa nsomba kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa dzenje. Palibe kayendedwe ka ngalawa pano, kotero sizingatheke kupeza mtundu wina wa chithunzi chapansi. Chodziwika bwino cha mawu omveka awa ndi kukula kwawo kochepa komanso kulemera kwawo.
ma flasher
Phokoso lapadera la echo lopangidwira usodzi ndi nyambo zopanga nthawi yozizira. Ilibe chophimba chachikhalidwe, ndipo angler imatsogoleredwa ndi ma disks apadera a LED omwe amazungulira. Dongosolo palokha ndi lothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale madzulo ndi usiku zonse zimawoneka bwino, ndipo usana m'nyengo yozizira ndi waufupi.
Ambiri amasonyeza bwino kwambiri masewera a nyambo, nyama yolusa yomwe ili nayo chidwi, ndi kuluma, imakulolani kuti musinthe masewerawa m'njira yoti mulume pamene nsomba ikuyandikira ndikuchita zinthu zina zambiri zomwe palibe nsomba wamba. wopeza ndi wokhoza. Tsoka ilo, iwo sali ochepa kukula ndi kulemera kwake, ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kuwagwira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito sled-through ngati mutanyamula flasher tsiku lonse m'manja mwanu.
Makhalidwe a Echo sounder
Monga zikuwonekera kale, chimodzi mwamakhalidwe a ma echo sounders ndi mbali ya kuphimba. Imawonetsa gawo lomwe pansi pake wowotchera adzawona. Monga lamulo, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi sensa. Masensa abwino samakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wa mtengo, koma mumitundu ya bajeti nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza sonar yomwe ikuyendetsedwa ndi ngodya imodzi. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kusinthidwa ngati muyika sensa ina ndikugwira ntchito ndi zoikamo zamakina.
Yachiwiri yofunika khalidwe ndi ntchito pafupipafupi. Zimasiyana kwambiri pamakona osiyanasiyana amtengo. Mwachitsanzo, mizati yopapatiza imagwira ntchito pafupifupi 180-250 kHz, ndi matabwa otakata pa 80-90 kHz. Mafupipafupi amaikidwanso muzokonzekera za unit control unit kapena muzochitika zapamwamba za sensa.
Kuchuluka kwa mavoti kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma oscillations a periodic pa sekondi imodzi yomwe sensor system imatumiza ndikulandila. Imafanana pang'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa mamvekedwe amtundu wa echo sounder, yomwe imakhala yokwera nthawi zambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amapha nsomba m'boti lamoto. Mwachitsanzo, adzafunika chowulira cha echo chomwe chimasankha sensayo nthawi zosachepera 40-60 pamphindikati. Chiwerengero chochepa cha mavoti chidzapangitsa mizere yodutsa pansi pa boti m'malo mwa chithunzi chomveka bwino. Pakuwedza kuchokera ku opala kapena usodzi wa ayezi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu omveka a echo okhala ndi mavoti otsika a sensor.
Mphamvu ya emitter siyimawonetsedwa nthawi zonse mu pasipoti ya echo sounder, koma mutha kudziwa pafupifupi chizindikirochi ndi kuya kwa chipangizocho. Kwa akunja, omwe amapangidwira kusodza panyanja, ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imachokera ku 70 mpaka 300 metres. Zikuwonekeratu kuti pamikhalidwe yathu izi sizofunikira konse.
Mwachitsanzo, idzawonetsa kapeti ya zomera pansi ngati pansi, osatha kulowamo. Wamphamvu adzawonetsa osati zomera zokha ndi pansi, komanso nsomba zomwe zili mu kapeti iyi, kumene nthawi zambiri zimakonda kukhala.
Ndikoyenera kumvetsera kwambiri mawonekedwe a skrini ndi kukula kwake. Zomveka zambiri za echo zimakhala ndi chophimba cha LCD chakuda ndi choyera. Nthawi zambiri kusamvana kwa scanner kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa mawonekedwe a chinsalu. Choncho, nthawi zambiri n'zosatheka kuona nsomba XNUMX kapena XNUMX masentimita kuchokera pansi kapena driftwood chifukwa chakuti mapikiselo amangophatikizana kukhala imodzi. Ndi chophimba chabwino komanso chomveka bwino, zonsezi zitha kuwoneka.
Chakuda ndi choyera kapena chophimba chamtundu? Zakuda ndi zoyera zimasonyeza chirichonse mu grayscale, ndipo ngati mawonekedwe a chinsalu ndi okwera mokwanira, ndiye pogwiritsa ntchito mabatani oyika, mukhoza kuzindikira nsomba kapena pansi, sankhani masamba a algae pansi pa madzi kapena tsinde lawo, dziwani momwe amalowera. Chophimba chamtundu ndi chokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa chakuda ndi choyera cha kukula ndi chisankho chofanana. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana, yonyezimira, imakulolani kuti muwone zinthu popanda kusintha, koma kumveka bwino kwa chiwonetserocho kudzakhala kochepa.
Mozama, muyenera kutenga kuwala kwa chithunzicho pazenera. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe abwino komanso okwera mtengo a Lowrance amakulolani kuti muwerenge zambiri padzuwa lowala popanda kuvula magalasi anu, komanso madzulo, ngati muyatsa nyali yakumbuyo. Sizingatheke kuwedza ndi echo sounder, yomwe muyenera kuphimba ndi dzanja lanu ndikupotoza mutu wanu kuti muwone chinachake pamenepo. Ndicho chifukwa chake chophimba chake chidzakhala chokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Pazikhalidwe zozizira, ndikofunikiranso kusankha chowulira cha echo chokhala ndi chophimba chotenthetsera. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi nyali yakumbuyo yomwe imatulutsa kutentha. Chophimba chapamwamba chosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu chimakhala ndi zitsanzo zodula, ndipo palibe chifukwa chotenthetsera mwapadera. Komabe, ndi bwino kusamala kuteteza zitsanzo kuchokera kuzizira.
Mabatire ndi gawo lolemera kwambiri la makina a sonar. Amapangidwa pamaziko a lead, popeza ena onse sachita bwino kwambiri pachinyezi chachikulu. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha batri ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito komanso mphamvu. Magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito amasankhidwa mu volts, mphamvu mu maola ampere. Ngati mukudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa echo sounder, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa batire.
Kwa nsomba zabwino za chilimwe kwa masiku awiri, muyenera kutenga batri la maola osachepera khumi a ampere. Muyenera kusankha chojambulira choyenera kwa icho, chomwe sichingawononge batire mwachangu ndikuyimitsa. Nthawi zina, sitolo ya zinthu zowonongeka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuzilumikiza motsatizana, makamaka ngati sapita kukapha nsomba nthawi zambiri.
Kutha kulumikiza navigator ya GPS kumakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa luso la echo sounder. Paokha, zitsanzo zokhala ndi navigator yomangidwa ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo sizikhala zomveka kuzigula. Nthawi zambiri alibe mawonekedwe osavuta kwambiri omwe sagwirizana ndi zida zonse zam'manja. M'malo mwake, ngati ndi kotheka kulumikiza foni yam'manja ndi woyendetsa, mutha kuyang'ana pansi osati mu ndege yowongoka, komanso yopingasa, lembani zowerengera pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapadera ndikuchita zinthu zina zambiri.
Momwe mungawonere nsomba pazithunzi za sonar
Ndikofunika osati kusankha chipangizo choyenera, komanso kuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Tikumbukenso kuti tingachipeze powerenga echo sounder kusonyeza pansi, zinthu pa izo, algae pansi ndi mzati madzi, thovu pansi pa madzi. Echo sounder sichiwonetsa thupi la nsomba - imangowonetsa chikhodzodzo chosambira, chomwe mpweya ukuwonekera bwino.
Kawirikawiri, mitundu iwiri yowonetsera ilipo - mwa mawonekedwe a nsomba ndi mawonekedwe a arcs. Njira yotsiriza ndiyolondola kwambiri. Mwa mawonekedwe a arc, mutha kudziwa kuti ndi mbali iti ya ngalawa yomwe nsomba ili pafupi, komwe ikuyenda, ngati isuntha, ganizirani kuti ndi nsomba iti. Kukula kwa arc sikumawonetsa kukula kwake nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba yayikulu pansi imatha kukhala ndi arc yaying'ono, ndipo pike yaying'ono m'mphepete mwamadzi imatha kukhala ndi yayikulu. Apa ndikofunikira kuyeserera mukamagwira ntchito ndi mtundu wina wa echo sounder.
Kukwera ndi transport
Payokha, kumangiriza kumachitika chifukwa cha transom ya boti, kwa banki, ngati ndi bwato lokwera. Choyimira chokhazikika chamtundu wokhazikika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chisapatuke posuntha ndikuyang'ana pansi nthawi zonse. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndikofunikanso kuti sensayi isatuluke kapena pafupifupi sichidutsa pansi. Pankhaniyi, ngati bwato likuyenda pansi, sensa idzalandira kuwonongeka kochepa. Zokwera zodziwika bwino zimakhala ndi chitetezo momwe sensa imapindika ikakhudzidwa, kapena phirilo lidzasweka, koma chipangizocho chimakhalabe chokhazikika.
Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito mounts makonda. Zowongolera zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mothandizidwa ndi sensa ndi gawo lowongolera zimalumikizidwa m'njira yabwino kwa angler. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunika kusunga kuthekera kosintha kumizidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe chomwe chimachitika kwa echo sounder ngati kugunda kosalimba kwambiri ndi mchenga wamchenga.
Ena amagwiritsa ntchito makapu oyamwa. Ndi zotheka, koma osati odalirika kwathunthu. Kapu yoyamwa imatha kudumpha nthawi zonse ikatentha padzuwa ndipo mpweya pansi pake ukukulirakulira, kusweka kwa vacuum, kapu yoyamwa imapunduka ikatenthedwa ndikukhazikika, ndipo zinthu zosasangalatsa zimatha kuchitika.
Zomveka za Echo za usodzi wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimabwera ndi imodzi yomwe imatha kupindika mosavuta pa ndodo yokhazikika m'malo mwa chowulutsira.
Ngati sichoncho, mutha kupanga chimodzimodzi nokha. Choyimiliracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa foni yamakono yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi wopeza nsomba kudzera pa Bluetooth kapena Wi-Fi protocol, yotsirizirayi ndi yoyenera kwa mtunda wautali.
Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti zofunikira pazenera la foni yamakono zidzakhala zofanana ndi chithunzi cha sonar: chiyenera kuwoneka bwino komanso osawopa madzi. Mwachitsanzo, iPhone yachisanu ndi chitatu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma foni yamakono ya bajeti si yoyenera pa cholinga ichi - sichiwoneka padzuwa ndipo idzasweka pamene madzi alowa.
M'bwato, gawo lowongolera lomwe lili ndi chophimba nthawi zambiri limalumikizidwa ku banki kapena transom. Kumanga ku banki kuli bwino, chifukwa sikusokoneza kugwira ndi kukoka nsomba, nthawi zambiri kumamatira ku nsomba. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chotchinga chotchinga, chokhala ndi choyimira chapadera chomwe chimakulolani kuti nonse musinthe mawonekedwe a chinsalu mu ndege zitatu ndikuchisintha kutalika.
Batire ya echo sounder iyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo chapadera kumadzi. Nthawi zambiri, batire lamoto lodzipereka lingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndipo ngati amgwira, mdyetseni mwachindunji. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, zimaganiziridwa kuti mphamvu ya batri idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kupita patsogolo kwa boti ndi pa ntchito ya echo sounder. Ngati batire imadzipangira yokha, ndiye kuti muyenera kuiteteza kumadzi mosamala kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito epoxy, resins ndi pulasitiki casing, kulabadira kwambiri kutchinjiriza kwa ojambula. Palibe amene akufuna kukhala m'bwato ndi batire itatayika pansi.
Kuyendetsa dongosolo lonseli kumachitika mu chidebe chapadera. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi lolimba la mtundu wa zomangamanga. Amapulumutsa phokoso la echo ku kuwonongeka, kugwedezeka. Ngati simukufuna izi, mutha kusintha chikwama chakale chotenthetsera, chikwama cha zida zojambulira, kapena thumba lina lililonse lokwanira kuyenda, ndikuliyika ndi thovu la polyurethane kuchokera mkati kuti muteteze ku zoopsa zazing'ono zangozi. Chowunikiracho chimatha kunyamulidwa ndi chogwirira; poyamba ili ndi nsanja pomwe cholumikizira cholumikizira sensor chimayikidwa.