Chilichonse chomwe mumafuna kudziwa za nkhalango zamvula

Mitengo yamvula imapezeka m'makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica. Izi ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka ndi mitengo yobiriwira yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwa mvula yambiri. Mitengo yamvula yam'madera otentha imapezeka pafupi ndi equator, m'madera omwe ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso chinyezi, pamene nkhalango zamvula zimapezeka makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mapiri apakati pa latitudes.

Nkhalango yamvula nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zigawo zinayi zazikulu: pamwamba, denga la nkhalango, pansi, ndi pansi pa nkhalango. Chigawo cham'mwamba ndi akorona amitengo yayitali kwambiri, yomwe imafika kutalika kwa 60 metres. Mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi wandiweyani wa akorona pafupifupi 6 mita wandiweyani; amapanga denga lomwe limatchinga kuwala kochuluka kuti lisalowe m'munsi, ndipo ndi kwawo kwa nyama zambiri za m'nkhalango. Kuwala pang'ono kumalowa m'nthaka ndipo kumayang'aniridwa ndi zomera zazifupi, zazitali monga kanjedza ndi philodendrons. Palibe zomera zambiri zomwe zimatha kumera pansi pa nkhalango; umakhala wodzaza ndi zinthu zowola zochokera kumtunda zomwe zimadyetsa mizu ya mitengo.

Mbali ina ya nkhalango za m’madera otentha n’njakuti, mwa zina, imadzithirira yokha. Zomera zimatulutsa madzi mumlengalenga zomwe zimatchedwa kuti transpiration. Chinyezicho chimathandizira kupanga mtambo wowundana womwe umakhala pamwamba pa nkhalango zambiri zamvula. Ngakhale kukakhala kuti sikugwa mvula, mitambo imeneyi imachititsa kuti nkhalangoyi ikhale yonyowa komanso yofunda.

Zomwe zikuwopseza nkhalango zam'madera otentha

Padziko lonse lapansi, nkhalango zamvula zikudulidwa kaamba ka kudula mitengo, migodi, ulimi, ndi kuweta ziweto. Pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya nkhalango ya Amazon yawonongedwa m’zaka 17 zapitazi, ndipo chiwonongeko chikuwonjezerekabe. Pakali pano nkhalango zotentha zimakuta pafupifupi 6% ya dziko lapansi.

Mayiko awiri adapanga 46% ya mvula yamkuntho padziko lapansi chaka chatha: Brazil, kumene Amazon imayenda, ndi Indonesia, kumene nkhalango zimadulidwa kuti zipange mafuta a kanjedza, omwe masiku ano angapezeke mu chirichonse kuchokera ku shampoos kupita ku crackers. . M’maiko ena, monga Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana ndi Democratic Republic of the Congo, chiŵerengero cha ovulala chikukweranso. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonongeka kwa nthaka pambuyo pa kudulidwa kwa nkhalango zotentha kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukonzanso pambuyo pake, ndipo zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezekamo sizingasinthidwe.

Chifukwa chiyani nkhalango zamvula ndizofunika?

Powononga nkhalango za m’madera otentha, anthu akutaya zinthu zachilengedwe zofunika kwambiri. Nkhalango za m'madera otentha ndi malo a zamoyo zosiyanasiyana - ndi kwawo kwa pafupifupi theka la zomera ndi zinyama zapadziko lonse lapansi. Nkhalango zamvula zimatulutsa, kusunga ndi kusefa madzi, kuteteza ku kukokoloka kwa nthaka, kusefukira kwa madzi ndi chilala.

Zomera zambiri za m'nkhalango zamvula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mankhwala, kuphatikizapo mankhwala oletsa khansa, komanso kupanga zodzoladzola ndi zakudya. Mitengo ya m’nkhalango za ku nkhalango ya ku Malaysia ya Borneo imatulutsa mankhwala opangidwa kuti azitha kuchiza HIV, calanolide A. Ndipo mitengo ya mtedza wa ku Brazil singakhoze kumera paliponse kupatulapo m’madera amene sanakhudzidwepo a m’nkhalango ya Amazon, kumene mitengoyo imatengedwa mungu wochokera ku njuchi. zomwe zimanyamulanso mungu wochokera ku ma orchids, ndipo njere zake zimafalitsidwa ndi agoutis, nyama zazing'ono zam'mimba. M'nkhalangoyi mulinso nyama zomwe zili pangozi kapena zotetezedwa monga ma rhinoceros a Sumatran, orangutan ndi jaguar.

Mitengo ya m'nkhalango yamvula imapangitsanso mpweya wa carbon, womwe ndi wofunika kwambiri masiku ano pamene mpweya wochuluka wowonjezera kutentha ukuchititsa kuti nyengo isinthe.

Aliyense atha kuthandiza nkhalango zamvula! Thandizani zoyesayesa zosungitsa nkhalango m'njira zotsika mtengo, lingalirani zatchuthi za zokopa alendo, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, gulani zinthu zokhazikika zomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito mafuta a kanjedza.

Siyani Mumakonda