Matenda a shuga (DM) ndi amodzi mwamatenda ofala kwambiri komanso ovuta a endocrine. Itha kukhala yobadwa kapena kukula pang'onopang'ono. Kumayambiriro, zizindikiro sizidziwika bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira matendawa. Anthu onenepa kwambiri ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, chifukwa chake, mankhwala azakudya ndi imodzi mwanjira zakuchiritsira iwo, ndipo kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, ndiyo njira yodzitetezera.
Mfundo Zaumoyo Za Ashuga
Bungwe la American Diabetes Association lakhazikitsa mfundo zingapo zopatsa thanzi zomwe cholinga chake ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi kagayidwe kake mwa odwala, zomwe zimathandizanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa. Kuchiza matenda ashuga kumafunikira kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga tsiku lonse - kuyenera kukhala koyenera (calorifier). Izi zitha kuchitika ndikukhazikika kwa zakudya, koma ngati munthu amalimbikira ku hyperglycemia, ndiye kuti mankhwala a insulin amamuwonetsera. Mafunso onse azamankhwala ayenera kuthetsedwa ndi adokotala okha ndipo kumbukirani kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo samachepetsa kufunikira kwakudya koyenera.
Zakudya za caloriki ziyenera kuwerengedwa kutengera zosowa zathupi (kulemera, kutalika, zaka) komanso moyo. Apa, monga ndi anthu athanzi, mukakhala otanganidwa kwambiri, ndizofunika kwambiri ma calories. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa ku chiŵerengero cha mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya.
Chiwerengero cha zakudya, kuphatikizapo zokhwasula-khwasula, ziyenera kukhala nthawi 5-6. Akatswiri azakudya amalangiza kuti azidya zakudya zopatukana kuti apewe kuchuluka kwa glycemic ndi zonunkhira mu shuga wamagazi.
Zakudya
Gawo la chakudya chamagulu a odwala matenda ashuga liyenera kukhala pakati pa 40-60%. Popeza anthuwa ali ndi vuto la kagayidwe kazakudya zam'madzi, ndikofunikira kupanga menyu potengera chakudya. Amakhulupirira kuti odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupewa zakudya zopatsa shuga ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi GI yayikulu, koma asayansi apeza kuti ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwama carbohydrate oyenera kumabweretsa kudumpha m'magawo a shuga, chifukwa chake kumwa kwawo kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Komanso, akatswiri azakudya amalimbikitsa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse azingoyang'ana index ya glycemic posankha zinthu. Ndikofunikira kuti kuchuluka kwazakudya zonse patsiku kumakhala kosalekeza popanda kusokoneza chakudya.
Pachifukwa ichi, akatswiri azakudya adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la "buledi" (XE) - muyeso wofanana ndi magalamu 12-15 a chakudya chodya. Ndiko kuti, osati 12-15 g wa mankhwala, koma chakudya mmenemo. Kungakhale 25 g ya mkate, mabisiketi 5-6, 18 g wa oatmeal, 65 g wa mbatata kapena 1 apulo wapakati. Zinapezeka kuti 12-15 g wa chakudya amachulukitsa shuga ndi 2,8 mmol / l, zomwe zimafuna mayunitsi awiri. insulini. Chiwerengero cha "mayunitsi a mkate" pachakudya chimodzi chiyenera kukhala pakati pa 2 mpaka 3. Magome a XE athandizira kusiyanitsa chakudyacho osapitilira kuchuluka kwa chakudya.
mafuta
Kuchuluka kwa mafuta tsiku lililonse kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa 50 g. Mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mafuta odzaza a nyama (mwanawankhosa, nkhumba, bakha). Pofuna kupewa atherosulinosis, muyenera kuchepetsa zakudya zomwe zili ndi cholesterol (chiwindi, ubongo, mtima). Pazonse, gawo lamafuta muzakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sayenera kupitilira 30% ya zopatsa mphamvu zonse. Mwa izi, 10% iyenera kukhala mafuta odzaza kuchokera ku nyama, 10% polyunsaturated ndi 10% monounsaturated mafuta.
Mapuloteni
Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni tsiku ndi tsiku omwe amadya matenda ashuga ndi 15-20% ya kalori. Mu matenda a impso, mapuloteni ayenera kukhala ochepa. Magulu ena a anthu amafunikira zakudya zowonjezera zomanga thupi. Awa ndi ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, amayi apakati ndi omwe akuyamwitsa, anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta komanso otopa. Kwa iwo, zosowa zimawerengedwa kutengera 1,5-2 g pa kilogalamu ya thupi.
Zina zamagetsi
Zofunikira pazinthu zina za chakudya ndi izi:
- CHIKWANGWANI chimayendetsa shuga wamagazi, chimathandizira kugaya chakudya, komanso chimachepetsa kuyamwa kwa cholesterol. Zosowa za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga azakudya zambiri ndizokwera pafupifupi 40 g / tsiku;
- Zokometsera zotsekemera ndizabwino m'malo mwa shuga ndipo zimathandiza kupewa ma spikes m'magazi a magazi. Kafukufuku wamakono atsimikizira kuti zotsekemera zochepetsetsa zochepa sizowopsa zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo woyenera wa wopanga;
- Mchere uyenera kukhala pakati pa 10-12 g / tsiku;
- Zofunikira zamadzi ndi malita 1,5 patsiku;
- Mavitamini ndi mchere amatha kulipidwa pang'ono ndi ma multivitamin kukonzekera, koma polemba zakudya, m'pofunika kuwonetsetsa kuti zofunika kwambiri zimapatsidwa chakudya. Pazakudya za odwala matenda ashuga, izi ndizambiri zinc, mkuwa ndi manganese, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikuwongolera shuga.
Kwa anthu omwe sanakhazikikebe bwino mu mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya, mayunitsi a mkate ndi zakudya zina, mutha kuyamba ndi zakudya zamankhwala nambala 9. Zimaganizira zofunikira za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Izi zisanachitike, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti musinthe zakudyazo malinga ndi zosowa zanu (calorizator). Popita nthawi, mumvetsetsa zakudya ndikukwanitsa kuwonjezera zakudya zanu.