Nsomba mpiru: maonekedwe, malo okhala, usodzi wa mpiru

Nsomba za Gorchak ndi za banja la mitundu ya nsomba za cyprinid. Monga lamulo, imakhala m'madziwe omwe ali ndi madzi osasunthika kapena malo osungiramo madzi, kumene, ngakhale kuti alipo, koma pang'onopang'ono. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 20 ya nsomba yosangalatsayi, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za khalidwe ndi malo a nsombazi, komanso njira zopha nsomba.

Kufotokozera za nsomba zowawa

Maonekedwe

Nsomba iyi imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba ndi thupi lalitali, lopanikizidwa pambali, pomwe mamba akulu amakhala. Kuonjezera apo, nsomba zowawa zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mutu waung'ono, osati maso aakulu (mofanana) ndi kusowa kwa masharubu. Pakamwa pa chowawacho si chachikulu ndipo chimakhala kumunsi kwa mutu. Thupi la mpiru limakutidwa ndi mamba asiliva, pamwamba pake, pambali pa thupi, pali mikwingwirima yopapatiza, yobiriwira kapena yobiriwira. M'nyengo yoberekera, thupi la mpiru limakhala losiyanako pang'ono, lowala kwambiri la mitundu yonyezimira. Pa moyo wake, nsomba iyi imatha kukula mpaka 10 centimita. Avereji ya anthu ndi pafupifupi 7 centimita utali, ndi kulemera pafupifupi 8 magalamu. Nthawi ya moyo wa nsomba yosangalatsayi ndi pafupifupi zaka 5. Imakonda kukhala m'magulumagulu, komanso pafupi ndi pansi, posankha malo okhala ndi kuya pang'ono.

Zakudya za nsomba iyi zimakhala ndi plankton ndi algae, zomwe ziyenera kukhalapo m'malo omwe amakhala ndi bitterlings. Ku Russia, nsomba iyi ili ndi mayina ena angapo, monga "olshanka", "zowawa", "pukasik", "malyavka", "gorchanka" kapena "bruise". Maonekedwe, nsomba ya mpiru imafanana ndi crucian yaying'ono, yomwe mpiru imatchedwanso "gorchak crucian".

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Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpiru imakonda malo awo okhala. Malo akuluakulu amaonedwa kuti ndi malo omwe clams "Unio" kapena "Anodonta" amakhala, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi moyo wa nsomba iyi.

Nsomba zowawa zimapezeka m'mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, monga Seine River, Volga River ndi Neva River. Kuphatikiza apo, amapezeka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Baltic ndi Black Sea, komanso m'madamu ogwirizana ndi Nyanja ya Aegean.

Ku Russia, kupezeka kwa nsomba iyi kumadziwika mumtsinje wa Neva ndi mtsinje wake. Amapezekanso m'chigawo cha Volga, mumtsinje wa Volga ndi Chapaevka, womwe umadutsa m'dera la Samara. Nthawi zina anakumana mu Nyanja ya Caspian.

Zowawa za Amur ndizofala kwambiri ku Asia, m'maiko monga China, South Korea, Vietnam ndi Mongolia. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhala m'madzi ena a m'chigawo cha Asia cha Russia. Malo amenewa akhoza kuonedwa ngati Mtsinje wa Amur, Nyanja ya Japan ndi Nyanja ya Okhotsk, komanso mabeseni awo. Kum'maŵa kwenikweni kwa Russia, Sakhalin, nsomba imeneyi imapezekanso, mu mitsinje monga Poronai ndi Tym.

Nsomba za Gorchak sizogulitsa malonda, ngakhale kuti nsombazi ndizochuluka kwambiri. Ku our country, zowawa zimapezeka kumadera akumwera chakumadzulo, ndi Belarus - ku Polissya. Pafupi ndi madera a kumpoto, zowawa sizimafalikira, chifukwa zimakonda madzi otentha ndi malo enieni okhudzana ndi moyo wake. Ngakhale izi, zowawa zidakumana m'malo omwe sanayenera kukhalapo.

njira yoberekera

Monga tanenera kale, kwa nthawi yoberekera, zowawa zimasintha maonekedwe ake, kapena makamaka maonekedwe ake. Kumbuyo ndi m'mbali mwa amuna amapakidwa utoto wofiirira, ndipo zipsepsezo zimakhala zapinki. Yamphongo panthawiyi imakhala yokongola kwambiri kwa akazi.

Akazi nawonso "amapenta" mu pinki, koma osati owala ngati amuna. Kuphatikiza apo, amapanga oviduct, pafupifupi 5 centimita kutalika. Izi zili choncho chifukwa cha kuswana kwa nsombayi. Pobereka, oviduct iyi imachepa kukula ndipo, ikamaliza kubereka, imakhala yosaoneka.

Panthawi imeneyi, amuna amasonyeza ntchito yowonjezereka, akuthamangitsa omenyana nawo kwa akazi. Monga lamulo, palibe kusowa kwa akazi, kotero nkhanza za iwo ndizophiphiritsira.

Gorchak akhoza kuyamba kubereka pambuyo pa zaka 3 za moyo, ndi kutalika pafupifupi 4 centimita. Yaikazi imapitirizabe kubereka nthawi yonse ya masika ndi chilimwe, ndikuyiyika m'mphepete mwa mtundu wina wa mollusk, yomwe oviduct iyi ndiyofunikira. Mazira ndi oval, pafupifupi 3 mm m'mimba mwake. Yaikazi imodzi imatha kuikira mazira pafupifupi 400 momwe ingathere, pomwe zazikazi zingapo zimatha kuikira mazira mu mollusk imodzi nthawi imodzi. Penapake pakatha milungu ingapo, zowawa zowawa zimawonekera, zomwe zimasambira kuchokera ku mollusk. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mazira a mollusk amamangiriridwa kwa iwo, omwe amasuntha mkati mwa dziwe linalake. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mollusk ndi nsomba zowawa zimathandizana pakukula kwa dziko la pansi pa madzi. Ngati mmodzi wa iwo asowa, ndiye kuti munthu wina wokhala pansi pa madzi adzasowa kumbuyo kwake. Uwu ndi umboni wina wosonyeza kuti m'chilengedwe njira zonse zimalumikizana.

usodzi

Nsomba imeneyi ilibe phindu pa malonda chifukwa ndi yaying'ono, ndipo nyama yake ndi yowawa. Chifukwa cha kakomedwe kameneka, kamakhala ndi dzina lake. Kukhalapo kwa zowawa mu nyama ya mpiru kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndere zomwe nsombayi imadya.

Pachifukwa ichi, asodzi amateur samachita usodzi wa mpiru, ndipo sikophweka kuugwira, makamaka ndi ndodo wamba. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba iyi ndi yochenjera kwambiri ndipo kuti muyigwire mumafunika zida zapadera zokhala ndi chingwe chopyapyala kuti musachenjeze nsomba. Amapha nsombazi ndi zida zina kuti agwiritse ntchito ngati nyambo yamoyo, kugwira nsomba zolusa.

Mitundu ya mpiru

Mpaka pano, mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya nsomba yochititsa chidwiyi imadziwika. Odziwika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Gorchak wamba, yomwe imakhala yofala m'masungidwe a mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, Belarus, our country ndi Russia.
• Gorchak Amur, yomwe imakhala m'malo osungiramo madzi ku Far East.
• Gorchak Laita. Mitundu imeneyi imakhala makamaka kumadera akummwera kwa dziko la China. Ikhoza kusiyanitsa ndi anzawo ndi mtundu wake wachikasu, komanso kukhalapo kwa mdima wakuda wabuluu pafupi ndi magalasi.
• Gorchak ocellar. Nsomba iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa golide ndipo imapezeka m'malo osungiramo madzi ku South Korea, Vietnam ndi China.

Makhalidwe

Monga lamulo, nsomba yaying'ono iyi imakonda madzi osasunthika kapena oyenda pang'onopang'ono. Amakhala moyo wokhamukira, akusochera m'magulu a anthu 60 kapena kupitilira apo. M'magulu oterowo, monga lamulo, nthawi zonse pamakhala akazi ambiri kuposa amuna, koma panthawi yoberekera, ziwetozi zimatha kusakanikirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha akazi ndi amuna chikhale chokwanira.

Gorchak ndi nsomba ya herbivore, chifukwa chake imakonda kukhala pansi pa dziwe, pomwe ndere zosiyanasiyana zimamera. Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti nsomba imeneyi imadya ndere zimenezi, imaigwiritsa ntchito ngati chitetezo kwa adani. Nsombayi ndi yamanyazi komanso yochenjera, zomwe zimakhudza khalidwe lake. Chilombo chikauukira, chimayamba kuthamanga kwambiri, kwinaku chimazemba mano a nyamayo mochenjera.

Kugwira mpiru

Kusodza nsombayi kungakhale kosangalatsa kwambiri komanso kosasamala, zomwe zidzafunika kupirira, kuleza mtima ndi luso kuchokera kwa angler. Iye mosavuta pecks pa wakuda rye mkate. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, samameza mphuno, koma amadya pang'onopang'ono. Choncho, kuti mugwire, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbedza zazing'ono zomwe zingathe kubisala ngati nyambo.

Monga chomangira mbedza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chimanga chaching'ono, ufa wa anise, balere, mphutsi, komanso zidutswa za nyongolotsi wamba. Ndipo komabe, kuwawa amakonda nozzles zomera chiyambi.

Malo abwino kwambiri oti mugwire ndi malo omwe mulibe madzi kapena madzi akumbuyo, komwe kumadziwika kuti kuli zomera zamadzi. M’malo otere, mpiru umabisala m’magulu ambiri. Ngakhale kuti bitterling imatengedwa kuti ndi nsomba yapansi, iye amasankha malo osaya omwe ali ndi phindu. Monga lamulo, mozama kwambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti wowawa adzipezere yekha chakudya.

Chowawacho chimagwidwa pa ndodo yoyandama wamba yokhala ndi leash yopyapyala kwambiri komanso yoyandama kwambiri. M'malo omwe mphemvu kapena mdima umagwidwa, zowawa zimathekanso. M'malo mwake, izi ndizosowa, chifukwa chowawa sichingakane kukakamizidwa ndi mphemvu.

Momwe mungakonzekere zowawa

Nsomba iyi ili ndi kukoma kowawa. Ngati nsomba imodzi ikalowa m'khutu, idzawononga mbaleyo. Ngakhale kulawa kowawa, zowawa zowawa sizimatengedwa kuti ndi zakupha ndipo zimatha kudyedwa ngati mugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa maphikidwe. Ku China, amakonda kudya nsomba iyi yokazinga, kuichotsa mosamala komanso kuichapa bwino. Pa intaneti, mungapeze njira imodzi yosangalatsa kwambiri yomwe ingakuthandizeni kukonzekera bwino mpiru.

Amene amakonza mphonda wowawa amalangiza kuchotsa mkati mwake mosamala kwambiri, pambuyo pake ayenera kutsukidwa bwino. Komanso, mamba onse ayenera kuchotsedwa. Pambuyo pake, nsombayo imawotchedwa mu poto yowotcha yotentha kuti ikhale ya tchipisi. Izi zisanachitike, ndi bwino kudzoza poto ndi mafuta. Zotsatira zake, tchipisi ta nsomba timapeza popanda kukhalapo kwa zowawa.

Gorchak, ngakhale mawonekedwe ake okongola, sachita chidwi ndi asodzi, chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kowawa, ndipo nsomba yokha ndi yaying'ono: ndi bwino kugwira mwadala, zomwe zingakhale zazikulu poyerekeza ndi mpiru. Ngakhale, ngati yophikidwa bwino, ikhoza kudyedwa.

Pankhani imeneyi, asodzi ambiri sayeserera kugwira nsombazi. Kuphatikiza apo, sichapafupi kuigwira chifukwa ndi nsomba yochenjera komanso yamanyazi. Ngati wagwidwa pa mbedza, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mpiru ngati nyambo kugwira nsomba zolusa.

Palibe zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoonda kwambiri kuti zimugwire, popeza palinso nsomba ina yayikulu m'nkhokwe, yomwe imatha kudula chingwe chopyapyala mosavuta. Ena amakodza mpiru ndi “kangaude” kuti adzagwiritse ntchito pambuyo pake ngati nyambo yamoyo. Kugwira nsomba ndi "kangaude" kuli ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amakhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka zida. Pamodzi ndi mpiru, nsomba ina yaing'ono imathanso kubwera, yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nyambo yamoyo. Ena mwadala amapita kukapha nsomba ndi "kangaude" kuti apeze nyambo yamoyo.