Nsomba za banja la whitefish, mndandanda wokhala ndi mayina ndi zithunzi, mawonekedwe a nsomba zoyera

Kwa zaka zambiri, asodzi akhala akusaka banja la whitefish, chifukwa limadziwika ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa komwe mungayang'ane nsomba zoyera komanso momwe mungagwire.

M'malo mwake, zimakhala zovuta kugwira woimira banja la whitefish, chifukwa samakhala m'madzi onse ndipo amakonda madzi oyera komanso ozizira kwambiri, omwe amapezeka kumpoto kokha. Kuonjezera apo, iyi ndi nsomba ya trophy, yomwe siinaperekedwe kwa aliyense kuti agwire, ndipo makamaka kuti apirire atagwidwa.

Banja la Whitefish: mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Banja la whitefish limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa makumi anayi ya nsomba. Chizindikiro chodutsa chimatengedwa ngati chofala. Banja palokha limasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe nthawi zina imawonedwa ngati kukhalapo kwa mitundu yodziyimira payokha. Izi zikuphatikizapo mchenga, Neva, mtsinje, nyanja whitefish, komanso Valaam. Oimira banja la whitefish awa amapezeka kumadera aku North America, Europe ndi Asia. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zazikuluzikuluzi zimapezeka ku North America ndipo zimatha kulemera mpaka 10 kg.

General mudziwe

Banja la whitefish limadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa thupi lalitali, lopanikizidwa pambali, mutu waung'ono ndi maso akuluakulu, komanso pakamwa kakang'ono. M'mbali, thupi la nsomba limasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa silvery, ndipo kumbuyo kumatha kunyezimira ndi mtundu wa bluish-imvi-wobiriwira. Monga lamulo, kukula kwa munthu payekha kumafika pamtengo waukulu, wolemera kuposa 10 kg. Pafupifupi mikhalidwe yotereyi ili ndi nsomba zoyera za m'nyanja. Nyama ya nsomba imakoma kwambiri ndipo ndi chikhalidwe cha zakudya zakumpoto. Nyama ya nsomba imeneyi imathandiza anthu a kumpoto kuti apulumuke m’malo ovuta kwambiri.

Habitat

Chilombochi chimamva bwino m'madzi oyera komanso ozizira. Anthu ang'onoang'ono amakonda kukhala m'dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pafupi ndi ngalande ndi malo omwe pali madontho akuya pafupi. Zitsanzo zazikulu zimasankha malo omwe ali pafupi ndi msewu wa mtsinje, pafupi ndi ming'alu, kumene kuli mabowo akuya, komanso malo omwe malire apakati pa mafunde othamanga ndi otsika amadutsa. Whitefish imagwirizana bwino ndi grayling ndi nsomba. Komanso, izi ndizofanana ndi madera omwe malo okhala nsombazi sadutsana. Kupanda kutero, whitefish imatha kuthana ndi iwo omwe akufuna kutenga gawo lake.

moyo

Moyo wa anthu okhala m'nyanja yakuya umadalira kukula kwawo. Anthu ang'onoang'ono amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi gombe. Anthu akuluakulu amakonda malo akuya, ndi kukhalapo kwa madzi othamanga. M'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo, nsomba zoyera zimapezekanso m'madzi osaya.

Zosangalatsa! Sig akuyembekezera nyama yake, ali m'dzenje.

Nsombazo zimadya kwa miyezi 12 yonse, kuphatikizapo miyezi yachisanu. Gwero lalikulu la zakudya za whitefish ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nsomba zoyera sizimasefa ma plankton monga momwe nsomba zina zimachitira.

Pachifukwa ichi, chakudya cha whitefish chimaphatikizapo zitsanzo zazing'ono za mitundu ina ya nsomba. Asayansi ena amatsutsa kuti whitefish samasamala kulawa caviar ya mitundu ina ya nsomba, kuphatikizapo anzawo.

Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu za moyo, nthawi ya kutha msinkhu imayamba. Panthawi imeneyi, nsomba zimaikira mazira mumsewu wa mtsinje. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, whitefish imabala kuyambira September mpaka December. Komanso, zazikazi siziphimba mazira. Kuzizira kumangoyamba, nsomba zoyera zimapita kukafunafuna madera amadzi ofunda. Malo oterowo angakhale maenje akuya amene nsombazo zimazidziwa komanso kumene zinalipo kale. Pambuyo pa kuswana, mazira amakhalabe m'derali mpaka masika, pamene chisanu chomaliza chimayamba kusungunuka ndikusanduka madzi ozizira amtsinje. Panthawi imeneyi, nsomba yoyamba yodabwitsayi imawonekera. Panthawiyi, kutentha kokwanira komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya chofunikira kumaperekedwa.

Mitundu ya nsomba za banja la whitefish

Banja la whitefish limagawidwa m'makontinenti ambiri. Mkhalidwe wapadera - malo osungiramo madzi ayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi ukhondo wapadera ndi kuzizira. Banja ili limasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mitundu yamitundu, yomwe imadziwika ndi malo ocheperako, komanso kukhalapo kwa zitsanzo za polymorphic. Pachifukwa ichi, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku mitundu yambiri yamitundu yomwe iyenera kutchulidwa.

Muksun

Iyi ndi nsomba yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi nyama yofewa kwambiri, yapinki. Ndi nsomba yam'madzi ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi semi-anadromous. Izi ndichifukwa choti pobereka, nyama yolusa imachita kusamuka kwakukulu. Nsomba imeneyi imapezeka m’madzi a ku Siberia ndipo imakhala yokhazikika m’madzi a m’nyanja ya Arctic.

Nelma

Uyu ndi woimira yemweyo wa madzi osungunuka a Nyanja ya Arctic. Ngati mupita kukapha nsomba m'kamwa ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yakumpoto, ndiye kuti mutha kudalira kugwidwa kwa chilombo ichi.

Mwamuna

Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali onse Baikal ndi Arctic omul. Mitundu yoyamba ya omul imakonda madzi ochokera ku Arctic Ocean, ndipo yachiwiri imakonda madzi a mitsinje monga Pechora, Yenisei, Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka ndi Khatanga.

pedi

Uwu ndi mtundu wa mtsinje wa nyanja, womwe uli ndi dzina lachiwiri - tchizi. Ndi nsomba yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndipo ndiyofunika kwambiri pamakampani.

European vendace

Choyimira chaching'ono ichi cha banja la whitefish chimapezeka makamaka m'nyanja ya Baltic.

Mtundu wa Siberia

Nsomba imeneyi imatchedwanso ripus kapena keel. Iyi ndi nsomba yaing'ono yomwe imakonda malo osungira madzi opanda mchere.

Sig kudutsa

Ichi ndi subspecies ya whitefish, amene amatha kusweka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oimira whitefish. Amatha kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ndi mawonekedwe a mutu ndi malo otsika pakamwa. Ilibe mphuno yomangika ngati nsomba yoyera, koma ndi yayikulu kwambiri.

Whitefish Ussuri

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, munthu ayenera kumvetsera Ussuri whitefish, yomwe imatchedwanso Amur whitefish. Mitundu iyi imapezeka pakatikati ndi m'munsi mwa Amur, pa Amur Estuary, pa Tatar Strait ndi kum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk.

Sig valek

Uyu ndi mtsinje woimira banja la whitefish. Itha kupezeka kuchokera ku Yenisei kupita ku Chukotka komanso kuchokera ku Alaska kupita kugombe la Atlantic ku North America.

Wachibale

Ichi ndi chiwonongeko cha mitsinje yakumpoto ya Siberia, yomwe ikuyenda ku Arctic Ocean. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti subspecies iyi ya banja la whitefish, kupatula mitsinje ya Siberia, sipezeka paliponse.

Chilonda

Ndi woimira banja la whitefish, omwe amasankha mitsinje yamadzi opanda mchere yomwe ili kupyola Arctic Circle.

Njira yopha nsomba zoyera

Chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, muyenera kupita kukawedza nsomba zoyera nthawi yomweyo. Nyambo yayikulu yopangira whitefish imatengedwa kuti ndi mormyshka, yamakono makamaka kuti igwire whitefish. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, pamene grayling spawns, mukhoza kusaka nsomba zoyera, popeza iyenso samasamala kusaka grayling caviar. Ndi munthawi imeneyi pomwe zida zomwe zimaganizira zinthu ngati izi zitha kukhala zoyenera kwambiri. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, panthawiyi, caviar kapena nyambo yotsanzira nsomba caviar idzakhala nyambo yoyenera kwambiri.

Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe komanso mpaka nthawi ya kutalika kwake, udzudzu-twitchers, omwe ali mbali ya zakudya za whitefish, akugwira ntchito pamtsinje. Panthawi imeneyi, nyambo zopanga zofanana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zidzakhala zothandiza kwambiri. Kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka Seputembala, nsomba zoyera siziwonetsa ntchito zambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta kumusangalatsa pa chilichonse. Izi ndichifukwa choti panyengo yachilimwe nsomba zoyera sizisowa zakudya.

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, pamene malo osungiramo zakudya zachilengedwe m'madzi atha, whitefish imayamba kusonyeza ntchito zina. Panthawi imeneyi, mutha kuwerengera nsomba zoyera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma zitsanzo sizikhala zazikulu. Ngati apita ku fairway ya mtsinje, ndiye kuti mukhoza kudalira kulanda chitsanzo cha trophy.

Sig pecks mosazengereza, mwamphamvu komanso mwamphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, magawo awiri akuwukirawo amasiyana: gawo loyamba limadziwika ndi kuyandama kumayenda mozungulira m'mwamba, ndipo gawo lachiwiri ndikutembenukira chakuthwa ndipo cholodza chimapita mwakuya. Nthawi zina, itagwira nyamboyo, imatha kukhalabe komweko kwakanthawi, koma milandu iyi ndi yosowa kwambiri ndipo siyikuphatikizidwa mu malamulo a kuluma kwa nsomba zoyera.

Ngati nsomba yameza nyambo, ndiye kuti muyenera kukonzekera kulimbana kwamphamvu. Iyi ndi nsomba yochenjera komanso yanzeru yomwe imatha kukana, popha nsomba kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso popha nsomba m'ngalawa. Chifukwa cholephera komanso sadziwa zambiri, kuluma kumathera posonkhanitsa nsomba.

Kupha nsomba zoyera ndi ndodo yoyandama

Ngakhale kuti whitefish ndi chilombo, amachigwira ndi ndodo yoyandama. Zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri m'nyengo ya masika, pamene nyama yolusa imatha kujompha nyambo iliyonse, kuphatikizapo nyongolotsi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa nsombazi zimakhala ndi njala nthawi yachisanu. Chifukwa chake, kuti mugwire, mutha kutenga ndodo wamba ya telescopic, kutalika kwa mita 5, yokhala ndi mzere wa monofilament wopangidwira kugwira anthu akuluakulu. Ambiri amakodza amakonda mzere woluka, mpaka 0,2 mm wandiweyani, komanso choyandama chaching'ono.

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku mtundu wa pansi pa choyandamacho kuti muchepetse kutcheru kwa nsomba. Chingwecho chimasankhidwa malinga ndi kukula kwa anthu omwe ajowera mkati mwa gawo lina la mtsinje.

Kupha nsomba zoyera

Njira yopha nsombayi ndi yoyenera nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, m'chilimwe komanso m'nyengo yozizira. Zidazi zimaphatikizapo ndodo, yotalika mamita 0,6, yokhala ndi spool yosuntha. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi sinki yofanana ndi peyala, yolemera mpaka 15 magalamu, yomwe imamangiriridwa kunsonga ya leash. Pamtunda wa 30 cm kuchokera pamenepo, 2 nymphs amalumikizidwa. Nymphs zitha kugulidwa, kapena mutha kudziluka pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wofiira.

Kuti mugwire whitefish, choyamba muyenera kupeza malo ake mumtsinje wamadzi. Zidzakhala zovuta kuchita izi popanda mawu omveka, koma ngati muli ndi mwayi wogwira munthu m'modzi, muyenera kuyika chizindikiro chakuzama ndikuchigwira mozama. Monga lamulo, kulimbana ndi kumafika pansi kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, pofunafuna whitefish, kumenyana kumakwezedwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pansi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba zoyera zimatha kukhala mozama kulikonse.

Kugwira whitefish ndi ndodo yopota

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chidzakhala kugwira whitefish pa ndodo yopota pogwiritsa ntchito jig nyambo ndi njira zopha nsomba. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo yamphamvu, chowongolera champhamvu komanso chingwe chodalirika choluka nsomba. Ponena za nyambo, zander silicones kapena deep-sea wobblers ndizoyenera. Komanso, tisaiwale kuti whitefish ili ndi pakamwa kakang'ono, choncho musasankhe nyambo zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Ndi bwino kutenga osati lalikulu ndi yopapatiza, ndi mawonekedwe othawa.

Monga lamulo, chilombochi chimalimbana ndi nyambo zowala kwambiri, komanso nyambo zowala kwambiri. Ngakhale, monga kugwira nsomba zamitundu ina, muyenera kuyesa kusankha mtundu wake.

Kuwedza pansi kwa whitefish

Njira yopha nsombayi imagwira ntchito kumapeto kwa autumn. Panthawi imeneyi, nsomba zoyera nthawi zambiri zimabwera pafupi ndi gombe. Kuwongolera pansi kudzakhala ndi ndodo yolimba yokhala ndi mzere wa monofilament ndi reel yokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha gear chowonjezeka. Tisaiwale za sink.

Mphutsi imatha kukhala nyambo yayikulu. Ntchito yaikulu ndikugwira whitefish kuchokera pansi pa dziwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nyambo ikuchitika pansi pa posungira. Sig idzakhala ndi chidwi ndi nyambo yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono ndikuyimitsa pang'ono. Pali zosankha zingapo zopha nsomba pansi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo zopangira zofiira. Popeza whitefish imakonda kukhala mozama panthawiyi, ndi bwino kugwira malo ozama, monga mabowo.

Njira ndi njira zopha nsomba zoyera m'nyengo yozizira

Monga lamulo, nsomba za m'nyengo yozizira zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi nsomba za chilimwe. Kwa nsomba za whitefish yozizira, muyenera kusankha ndodo zogwedeza zomwe zingathe kupirira nsomba zamphamvuzi. Zinthu zopangira ndodo zimatha kukhala matabwa. Kutalika kwake ndi 0,3-0,4 mamita. Komanso, sikoyenera kukhazikitsa nod, monga koyilo. Nsombazo zimasungidwa pa ndodo imodzimodziyo, yomwe imakhala ngati reel. Nsombazo zimakhala ndi monofilament, chifukwa zimakhala zolimbana ndi chisanu. M'mimba mwake ayenera kukhala osachepera 0,17 mm.

Njira yonyezimira kwambiri ndiyoyeneranso kugwira chilombo ichi. Ngati pali nyambo yapamwamba pazitsulo, ndiye kuti kugwidwa kwa chitsanzo cha trophy kumatsimikiziridwa. Mawaya a Spinner sali osiyana ndi mawaya oyambira: ndikusinthana kwa ma jerk aafupi ndikupumira kwakanthawi.

Osachepera pang'ono angakhale olinganiza apamwamba. Anthu ambiri opha nsomba amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo zodzipangira tokha monga jig kapena ntchentche zabodza.

Ntchentche zimatha kumangirizidwa pafupi ndi nyambo, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wa msodzi.

Ndi nyambo yamtundu wanji, nyambo ndi nyambo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Otsatira osiyanasiyana a invertebrates, mwachangu nsomba ndi mazira a mitundu ina ya nsomba ndizoyenera ngati nyambo zopangira.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zapansi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe mphutsi, nyama ya mollusk ndi mitundu yambiri ya invertebrates zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za whitefish.

Imayankha bwino ntchentche zotsanzira tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala ndi zinthu zopepuka, komanso ma jigs apakati ndi akulu akulu.

Whitefish imatengedwa ngati nsomba yokoma, chifukwa chake ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa asodzi.