Asanayambe kugwira bream, msodzi aliyense ayenera kudziwa mtundu wa nsomba, momwe amachitira. Kutengera izi, dziwani njira zabwino zophera nsomba, nthawi ndi malo. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe muyenera kudziwa ndikuti iyi ndi nsomba yakusukulu, benthophage wamba, ndiye kuti, nthawi zonse imadya chakudya kuchokera pansi pamadzi.
Kukula kwa bream wamba komwe asodzi amapeza m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia kumayambira 300 magalamu mpaka ma kilogalamu atatu mpaka anayi. Anthu ofika pa kilogalamu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa scavenger. Pali zoletsa pa kukula kochepa kwa nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa komanso nthawi yowedza pa nthawi yoletsa kuswana. Nthawi zambiri imatha kuyikidwa mu khola lalitali kuposa 25 cm, ndipo imatha kugwidwa kuyambira koyambirira kapena pakati pa Juni.
Mitengo ya bream ili ndi mitengo yabwino kwambiri ya kukula ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ziweto zake zimadya mwachangu chakudya chonse m'dera laling'ono ndipo nthawi zonse zimakakamizika kuyendayenda mosungiramo madzi, kufunafuna malo atsopano odyetserako. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nyambo ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti munthu agwire, chifukwa pafupifupi sakhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zimathandizira kuti amutseke.
Chifukwa chakukula kwa thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchofu, sikophweka kuti zilombo zizigwira. Choncho, kilogalamu anthu ndi zambiri mu chilengedwe ndi pafupifupi alibe adani. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake zimapanga maziko a zinyama m'madziwe ambiri. Mliri waukulu wa ziweto za bream ndi tizilombo ta m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matumbo, amapezekanso mu peritoneum. Ndicho chifukwa chake m'pofunika kuchotsa mosamala nsomba zomwe zagwidwa, kuchotsa magalasi, ndipo pambuyo pake kuziphika, kuziyika bwino kapena kuziwiritsa.
Bream imayenda pansi pamadzi pansi mothandizidwa ndi masomphenya, kununkhiza, kukhudza, kumva, kulawa ndi chiwalo chapadera - mzere wotsatira. Kununkhira kwake kumapangidwa bwino, kotero ndikosavuta kugwira bream pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya zokometsera. Koma izi siziyenera kuchulukirachulukira, chifukwa fungo lambiri limawonedwa ndi iye ngati laudani. Chakudya cha bream m'malo ake achilengedwe chimapangidwa ndi tizilombo ta benthic, komabe, amadya zakudya zokhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri mosangalala. Mukhoza kuzigwira pa nyambo zonse za zomera ndi zinyama.
Bream ndi nsomba yamanyazi kwambiri. Nkhosa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi anthu angapo, ndipo ngati mmodzi wa iwo apereka chizindikiro chowopsa, aliyense amathawa pamalopo. N’chifukwa chake kukhala chete ndi kusamala n’kofunika kwambiri posodza, makamaka posodza pafupi ndi gombe. Pakuya kwambiri, bream imachita molimba mtima kwambiri, ndipo apa ngakhale kugwidwa kwa gulu limodzi sikungaphatikizepo kuchoka.
M'chilimwe, bream imayenda mwachangu m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi mitsinje, kufunafuna chakudya ndikupeza misala ya nyengo yozizira. Kuluma kwake kumagwira ntchito kwambiri mu June ndipo pang'onopang'ono kumachepa pakati pa mwezi wa September. Mu Okutobala ndi Novembala, imaluma pafupipafupi, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, bream yayikulu nthawi zambiri imasiya kudyetsa, kukhala pansi pa maenje akuya achisanu.
Chofunika kwambiri pausodzi ndi chodabwitsa monga thermocline, ndiko kuti, kutentha kwa madzi m'chilimwe. Pachifukwa ichi, zigawo ziwiri za madzi zimatha kusiyanitsa ndi madzi - kutentha ndi kuzizira, ndipo pakati pawo pali chigawo cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Nsomba zimakonda kukhala m'madzi ofunda. The bream, ngati pansi nsomba, mu nkhani iyi amayesa kukhala pa shallows, kumene madzi bwino anatenthetsa mpaka pansi. Kuzigwira mozama kwambiri m'chilimwe sikothandiza ngati m'madera akuya mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Chifukwa chamanyazi a bream, ndi bwino kulabadira madera omwe osaya ali patali kwambiri ndi gombe, ndipo bream imamva bwino pamenepo.
ndodo pansi
Njira zogwirira bream m'chilimwe zimakhala zosiyanasiyana. Koma popha nsomba kuchokera kumphepete mwa nyanja, choyamba chiyenera kuperekedwa ku ndodo yapansi. Zimakulolani kuponya mphuno pamtunda wokwanira, zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito odyetsa, ndodo zingapo za nsomba. Mtundu wamakono komanso wamasewera wa ndodo yapansi, wodyetsa, ndi woyenera kwambiri nsomba za bream.
Chinsinsi cha kupambana popha nsomba pa bulu ndi kusankha koyenera kwa malo osodza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa ndodo zomwe zimayikidwa komanso kuchuluka kwa mbedza kungakhudze kupambana. Pachiwiri ndi kusankha kolondola kwa nozzle. Monga lamulo, ngati pali bream m'malo mwa nsomba, siziwonetsa kunyada kwakukulu, ndipo zimatha kuluma pa nyongolotsi ndi mkate kapena mtanda. Koma ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito ma nozzles omwe angakope bream. Chifukwa chake, nyongolotsi ya ndowe nthawi zambiri imapita ku ma ruffs, omwe amafika pamphuno pamaso pa bream. Ndipo roach amakonda kutola mkate ndi phala la semolina mu mbedza, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kumangirira bulu wamba pakapita nthawi.
Nyambo wamba wa abulu ndi mitundu yonse ya dzinthu. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito nyambo zopangidwa kale, koma nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira usodzi wodyetsa. Kwa donka, ndikofunikira kuti muwanyowetsenso, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ndodo yapansi imagwiritsa ntchito ma feeder ambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri samasinthidwa, potero nyamboyo imakhala m'madzi kwanthawi yayitali osatsukidwa.
Malo opha nsomba amasankhidwa kumene kuli zakudya zambiri za bream. Ndikoyeneranso kutchera khutu kumadera olimba a pansi, kumene bream imatha kuyimitsa ndi kupukuta mimba yake pa miyala, zipolopolo ndi zinthu zina, kumasula matumbo. Pamalo otayirapo komanso m'maenje, bream samadyetsa kawirikawiri, monga nyama yolusa nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamenepo, yomwe imatha kuwopseza bream. Ndikoyenera kugwira m'mphepete ndi pansi lathyathyathya ndi madera pafupi ndi mtsinje. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa m'mphepete mwakuya kozama, komwe bream idzakhala m'malo otentha a thermocline. M'mitsinje, chikoka cha thermocline sichidziwikiratu, chifukwa zigawo zamadzi zimasakanizidwa chifukwa chamakono, ndipo zotsatira zake pa khalidwe la bream ndizochepa, koma m'mayiwe ndi nyanja, bream idzayesa kukhalabe kutentha. madera, koma otetezeka kuchokera kumalingaliro ake.
Kupha nsomba kumayenera kuyamba kusanache. Ndi panthawiyi pamene bream imayamba kudyetsa mwachangu ndikuwonetsa kusamala. Kumalo opha nsomba, ndikofunikira kukonzekera chilichonse madzulo kuti musapange phokoso losafunikira pagombe. Konzani ndodo zophera nsomba, konzani munda. Kuyiyika m'madzi musanayambe kupha nsomba ndi tsoka, koma phokoso la ukonde likhoza kuopseza bream, choncho ndibwino kuti musakhale ndi zikhulupiriro ndikuziyika m'madzi musanayambe kupha nsomba ndi kudyetsa.
Ndodo yoyandama
Njira yachikhalidwe yogwirira bream, yomwe imafunikira luso lapadera, kulondola komanso kuthekera kosankha malo osodza. Zimakhala zovuta kugwira bream pa choyandama kuposa pa bulu, koma nthawi yomweyo, kusodza koteroko kumabweretsa chisangalalo chochuluka. M'mitsinje yopha nsomba zoyandama, muyenera kusankha malo okhala ndi gombe lowonongeka, komanso kutsika pang'ono. M'malo oterowo, bream imabwera pansi pamphepete mwa nyanja kuti itenge mphutsi ndi tizilombo tokokoloka pansi. M'nyanja, katundu wa thermocline amagwiritsidwa ntchito - bream amayesa kudya pamadzi otentha, nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Botilo limachulukitsa kwambiri mwayi wolumidwa, chifukwa limakupatsani mwayi wofikira malo omwe bream imakhala yotetezeka.
Komanso pansi pa ndodo yophera nsomba, ndi bwino kugwira zoyandama m'mawa m'mawa. Kudyetsa kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi mipira yomwe imaponyedwa m'madzi pamalo opha nsomba. Mipira imapangidwa kuchokera ku nyambo ndi dothi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunikira kupanga mipira yosiyana kuti ena awonongeke nthawi yomweyo, ena amasweka kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale mpaka ola limodzi, kotero kuti nyambo imakhala pansi nthawi zonse, ndipo bream ikanatha. nthawi zonse pezani china chake choti mupindule nacho.
Kuluma kwa bream pa choyandama ndi khalidwe kwambiri. Samira, koma amachikweza, ndikung'amba pansi pa shedi. Ndiye bream nthawi zambiri imatsogolera kuyandama kumbali, panthawiyi mbedza iyenera kuchitidwa. Kuti bream iluma komanso kuti isamve zachilendo, m'busa ayenera kukhala osachepera 50-60 cm kuchokera pamtolo waukulu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito leashes yayitali mokwanira. Kukhetsa kuyenera kukhala kolemera kotero kuti kuluma pakukwera kumawonekera bwino.
Pakalipano, choyandamacho chiyenera kusinthidwa kuti chikhazikike, ndipo mphuno imapita patsogolo. Ngati choyandamacho chikhala chilili, chimenecho chikhala chabwino kwambiri. Ndizomveka kugwira mawaya okha ndikugwira mwamphamvu kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zinthu zapafupi-pansi pakali pano sizithamanga pa liwiro lofanana ndi zomwe zili pamtunda, koma zimangogona pansi kapena kusuntha pang'ono. Nsombayi imakayikira mphutsi zomwe zikuuluka pafupi ndi pansi ndi zidutswa za mkate pa mbedza, ndipo zimatenga zosasuntha kapena zoyenda pang'ono.
Ndizomveka kugwira mzerewo ndi kutulutsidwa kwa nozzle, chifukwa bream ndi nsomba yamanyazi, ndipo sangabwere pamalo pomwe wowotchera amakhala. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zoyandama lathyathyathya za mtundu Cralusso, amene kuchulukitsa malo kupezeka nsomba ndi ndodo nsomba pa maphunziro, choncho mwayi kuluma.
Kusodza ngalawa
Monga lamulo, kusodza m'ngalawa kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kuposa kusodza m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Wowotchera ndi womasuka kusankha malo, madera ambiri amapezeka kwa iye, zomwe zinali zosatheka kufika kuchokera kumtunda. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka posodza bream ndi choyandama, popeza nsomba iyi simayandikira pafupi ndi gombe, komwe imatha kugwidwa motere. Ndipo m'malo mwake, muyenera kugwira pang'ono chabe. Ndipo pokhapokha mutayendetsa pang'ono, pali kale mwayi wabwino woti mugwire bream.
Mukhozanso kuwedza pa ndodo zophera nsomba, ngakhale pa chodyetsa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, botilo limapereka ufulu wochuluka pakuwomba - mukhoza kudyetsa kuchokera m'ngalawa pamalo osodza, kenaka muthamangitse kuti musawopsyeze bream, ndiyeno kuponyera pansi m'dera la nyambo. Pankhani yogwiritsira ntchito bwato, ndizotheka kupha nsomba ndi trotting kapena Nottingham wiring mwa kumasula zoyandama kumunsi ndi mzere pamodzi ndi ndodo pamene mzerewu sunawonongeke kuchokera ku reel pansi pa kukoka kwa zoyandama. Chifukwa chake adagwira ku England zaka zoposa zana zapitazo kuchokera kumadamu amphero.
Chodziwika kwambiri ndi njira yachikhalidwe yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popha bream ku Rus - kusodza ndi mphete. Njirayi imakulolani kuti mugwire bream yokha, komanso mochuluka mokwanira. Amangowedza m'madzi. Kuchokera m'ngalawamo, chodyera chimatsitsidwa m'madzi pa chingwe, chomwe chimadutsa mu mphete. Chingwe chopha nsomba chimamangiriridwa ku mpheteyo, yomwe wopha nsombayo amagwira m'manja mwake, ndi kubetcha ndi ma leashes ndi mbedza - kawirikawiri palibe oposa atatu a iwo. Ndi bwino kuyika ngalawa pamwamba pamphepete, kumene kuya kumachokera mamita awiri mpaka atatu. Nthawi zambiri bream inkagwidwa motere pamene ikupita kukaswana m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, koma tsopano kuswana nsomba ndikoletsedwa, makamaka m'bwato.