Zamkatimu
Mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zamtundu wa carp. Nsomba sizimamvekabe bwino, ndipo kulongosola kwawo mwadongosolo ndi nkhani yomwe imatsutsana pakati pa akatswiri a zachilengedwe ndi akatswiri a ichthyologists. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu itatu yokha ya nsomba, zomwe zimakhala m'mapiri ndi m'munsi mwa Central ndi Central Asia. Chisokonezocho chimalumikizidwa osati chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a morphological, komanso mitundu yachilengedwe ya nsomba iyi. Pa gawo la Russia, kumtunda kwa Ob, Osman Potanin amakhala ndi moyo, ndiyenso Altai Osman kapena kuvina kwamapiri. Pakadali pano, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti nsomba iyi ili ndi mitundu itatu yachilengedwe yomwe imasiyana ndi moyo ndi zakudya, motero kukula kwake. Chinthu chachilendo pozindikira maonekedwe a nsombazi ndi chakuti malo omwe ali ndi theka la m'munsi ndi pakamwa pawo amapangidwa ndi nsomba imodzi. Mwa zakudya, nsomba zimagawidwa kukhala zolusa, omnivorous - herbivorous ndi dwarf. Zolosera zimafika kutalika kwa 1 m, zolemera pafupifupi 2-4 kg, zitsanzo mpaka 10 kg ndizotheka. Nthawi zambiri, ma Ottoman onse amatha kukhala chifukwa cha nsomba zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Kuwonekera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazachilengedwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa zakudya m'mitsinje yamapiri ndi nyanja za Altai ndi Mongolia. Nsomba zimagwirizana ndi zakudya zamtundu uliwonse: kuchokera ku zomera ndi mbewu zawo, zamoyo zopanda msana, kwa ana awo ndi nsomba zakufa.
Njira zopha nsomba za Osman
M’malo ena osungiramo madzi a Altai ndi Tyva, nsomba zinkagwidwa ndi mafakitale. Owotchera ng'ombe ambiri amagwira osman olusa pamagetsi ozungulira. Kuonjezera apo, osman akhoza kugwidwa ndi zinyama zotsanzira, komanso zoyandama ndi pansi pa nyambo za nyama. M'nyengo yozizira, Osman sagwira ntchito, koma amagwidwa bwino ndi jigs ndi nyambo zowongoka.
Ловля османа pa kupota
Anthu ambiri odziwa kupha nsomba amanena kuti Ottomans amakana kumenya nkhondoyo mouma khosi ngati nsomba. Pa kusodza kozungulira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zomwe asodzi adakumana nazo komanso njira yopha nsomba. Usodzi wa osman wolusa ndi, choyamba, usodza m'nyanja, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mabwato. Musanayambe kusodza, ndi bwino kufotokozera momwe nsomba zimakhalira. Kusankhidwa kwa ndodo, kutalika kwake ndi kuyesa kungadalire izi. Ndodo zazitali zimakhala zomasuka posewera nsomba zazikulu, koma zimakhala zovuta pamene usodza m'mabanki okulirapo kapena kuchokera ku mabwato ang'onoang'ono okwera mpweya. Kuyesa kozungulira kumadalira kusankha kulemera kwa ma spinners. Yankho labwino kwambiri lingakhale kutenga ma spinners olemera ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi inu. Mikhalidwe ya usodzi pamtsinje kapena nyanja imatha kusiyana kwambiri, kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha nyengo m'mapiri, choncho ndi bwino kusankha zida zapadziko lonse. Kusankhidwa kwa reel inertial kuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kufunikira kokhala ndi nsomba zambiri. Chingwe kapena chingwe cha nsomba sichiyenera kukhala chochepa kwambiri, chifukwa sichikhoza kungogwira chikhomo chachikulu, komanso chifukwa chakuti mikhalidwe ya nsomba ingafunike kumenyana mokakamiza.
Kugwira osman pa zida zachisanu
Kugwira osman ndi ndodo yozizira sikusiyana muzinthu zazikulu. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsonga wamba pogwiritsa ntchito mormyshki ndi ndowe zowonjezera. Kuti agwire osman wamkulu, ma spinners osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito, malingana ndi chikhomo chomwe chikuyembekezeka, miyeso imatha kusiyana ndi "perch" yaying'ono mpaka kukula kwapakatikati. Mukawedza ndi nyambo zachilengedwe, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyandama yozizira.
Kugwira osman pa ndodo zapansi
M'chilimwe, mukamawedza panyanja ya osman, mutha kuwedza ndi ndodo zapansi ndi zoyandama poponya mtunda wautali pogwiritsa ntchito nyambo za nyama kapena nyambo zamoyo. Osman amatha kugwidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, koma, kuchokera ku "donok", muyenera kupereka zokonda kwa wodyetsa. Omasuka kwambiri kwa ambiri, ngakhale osadziwa zambiri. Amalola msodzi kuti azitha kuyenda bwino pankhokwe, ndipo chifukwa chotheka kudyetsa nsomba, "sonkhanitsani" nsomba mwachangu pamalo ena. Wodyetsa ndi wosankha, monga mitundu yosiyana ya zipangizo, panopa amasiyana mu utali wa ndodo. Maziko ndi kukhalapo kwa nyambo chidebe-sinker (wodyetsa) ndi nsonga kusinthana pa ndodo. Pamwamba pamasintha malinga ndi momwe nsomba zimakhalira komanso kulemera kwa chodyera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nozzles nsomba akhoza kukhala iliyonse, masamba ndi nyama, kuphatikizapo phala. Njira yopha nsombayi imapezeka kwa aliyense. Kulimbana sikukufuna zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi zida zapadera. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha nsomba pafupifupi m'madzi aliwonse. Ndikoyenera kumvetsera kusankha kwa odyetsa mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, komanso kusakaniza kwa nyambo. Izi ndichifukwa cha momwe malo osungiramo madzi amakhalira (mtsinje, nyanja, ndi zina zotero) ndi zokonda za nsomba zam'deralo. Kwa Osman, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti amakonda nyambo zachinyama.
Nyambo
Kuti mugwire osman pa zida zopota, mibulu yosiyanasiyana yozungulira komanso yozungulira yapakatikati ndi yaying'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ma wobblers apakati amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawaya ofanana ndi kuya kosiyana. Akasodza pa abulu ndi zombo zoyandama, amagwira mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, nyama ya nkhono ndi nsomba. M'nyengo yozizira, kubzalanso kwa mormysh ndi ma invertebrates ena kumagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Asodzi a ku Siberia, kuphatikizapo asodzi a ku Altai, nthawi zambiri amakonda ma spinners m'nyengo yozizira ndi mbedza yogulitsidwa, yomwe nyama ya nsomba kapena mormysh yomweyo imabzalidwa. Mitundu yaying'ono ya osman imakhudzidwa ndi kubera pogwiritsa ntchito "zanzeru" - zotsanzira zosiyanasiyana za invertebrates.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Monga tanenera kale, m'dera la Russia osman akhoza kugwidwa pa dera la Republic Altai ndi Tuva. Altai Osman Potanin angapezeke ndi chidaliro chonse m'nyanja ndi mitsinje ya kumtunda kwa Ob: Argut, Bashkaus, Chuya, Chulyshman. M'mitsinje, nsomba zimapewa kuphulika, makamaka zimakhala m'madera omwe ali ndi miyala pansi komanso kuthamanga kwapakati. Amasunga madzi m'munsi ndi pakati. Sapanga magulu akuluakulu.
Kuswana
Chifukwa chakuti mitundu ingapo ya zachilengedwe ya Altai osman Potanin imatchedwa nsomba imodzi, ndikofunika kuzindikira kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kuswana kwa nsombazi. Palinso mfundo ina yosangalatsa imene imasiyanitsa ndi nsomba zina za m’derali. Amakhulupirira kuti caviar ya nsomba ndi yakupha. Maonekedwe olusa a osman amamera pansi pamiyala yayikulu komanso kuya kwambiri. Mtundu wa omnivorous wa osman umasunthira kumphepete mwa nyanja m'dera la zomera zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi algae. Gawo laling'ono loberekera ndi dothi lamchenga-mwala. Kwa mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, malo oberekera amaonedwa kuti ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka m'mphepete mwa nyanja mozama masentimita 5-7. Osman amakhala okhwima pakugonana, kutengera mawonekedwe achilengedwe, ali ndi zaka 7-9. Pamitundu yonse, caviar yomata imamangiriridwa pansi. Kubereketsa kumagawidwa ndi kutambasulidwa, pafupifupi kwa miyezi ingapo ya masika-chilimwe. Nthawi ya ntchito zoberekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana.
Njira Zotetezera Chakudya
Monga momwe zilili ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba za ku Asia (mwachitsanzo, marinka), osati caviar yokha yomwe ili ndi poizoni mu osman, komanso ziwalo zamkati. Mukamatsuka nsomba, onetsetsani kuti mwatsuka bwino zamkati ndikuchotsa filimuyo ku peritoneum. Komanso, muzimutsuka ndi mchere wambiri. Matumbowo ayenera kuwonongedwa kapena kukwiriridwa kuti asaphe nyama zakutchire kapena zakutchire.