Nsomba zouluka ndi mtundu wa banja la nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zili m'gulu la garfish. Banjali lili ndi mibadwo isanu ndi itatu ndi mitundu 52. Thupi la nsombayo ndi lalitali, likuthamanga, mtundu ndi khalidwe la nsomba zonse zomwe zimakhala pamwamba pa madzi: kumbuyo kuli mdima, mimba ndi mbali ndi zoyera, zasiliva. Mtundu wakumbuyo ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera ku buluu kupita ku imvi. Mbali yayikulu ya kapangidwe ka nsomba zowuluka ndi kukhalapo kwa zipsepse zokulirapo za pectoral ndi ventral, zomwe zimapakidwa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pokhala ndi zipsepse zazikulu, nsomba zimagawidwa kukhala mapiko awiri ndi mapiko anayi. Monga momwe zilili ndi ndege, kusinthika kwa chitukuko cha mitundu ya nsomba zowuluka kwadutsa njira zosiyanasiyana: awiri kapena awiri, ndege zonyamula ndege. Kutha kuwuluka kunasiya chidziŵitso cha chisinthiko, osati pa maonekedwe a pectoral ndi ventral fins, komanso mchira, komanso ziwalo zamkati. Nsombayi ili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo amkati, makamaka, chikhodzodzo chosambira chokulitsa ndi zina zotero. Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zowuluka ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake. Zing'onozing'ono komanso zopepuka zimakhala zolemera pafupifupi 30-50 g ndi kutalika kwa 15 cm. Ntchentche yaikulu (Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus) imatengedwa kuti ndi yaikulu kwambiri, miyeso yake imatha kufika masentimita 50 m'litali ndi kulemera kwa 1 kg. Nsombazi zimadya zooplankton zosiyanasiyana. Mndandandawu umaphatikizapo mollusks wapakatikati, crustaceans, mphutsi, nsomba za roe ndi zina. Nsomba zimauluka mosiyanasiyana, koma chachikulu ndichowopsa. Mumdima, nsomba zimakopeka ndi kuwala. Kutha kuuluka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba sizofanana, ndipo pang'onopang'ono, zimatha kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka mlengalenga.
Njira zophera nsomba
Nsomba zouluka n’zosavuta kuzigwira. M'mphepete mwa madzi, amatha kugwidwa pazitsulo, kubzala nyambo zachilengedwe, monga zidutswa za crustaceans ndi mollusks. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zowuluka zimagwidwa usiku, zikunyengerera ndi kuwala kwa nyali ndikusonkhanitsa ndi maukonde kapena maukonde. Nsomba zowuluka zimatera pamwamba pa sitimayo ikamauluka, masana ndi usiku zikakopeka ndi kuwala. Kugwira nsomba zouluka kumalumikizidwa, monga lamulo, mu usodzi wamasewera, kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zina zam'madzi. Mwachitsanzo, pogwira corifen.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Malo a nsombazi amakhala makamaka kumadera otentha komanso otentha a m'nyanja. Amakhala ku Nyanja Yofiira ndi Mediterranean; M'chilimwe, anthu ochepa amatha kudutsa kum'mawa kwa Atlantic kupita kugombe la Scandinavia. Mitundu ina ya nsomba zouluka za Pacific, zokhala ndi mafunde ofunda, zimatha kulowa m'madzi anyanja ndikutsuka ku Far East ku Russia, kumwera kwake. Zambiri mwa zamoyozi zimapezeka kudera la Indo-Pacific. Mitundu yoposa khumi ya nsombazi imapezekanso m’nyanja ya Atlantic.
Kuswana
Kuswana kwa mitundu ya Atlantic kumachitika mu Meyi komanso koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Mwa mitundu yonse, mazirawo ndi pelargic, akuyandama pamwamba ndikugwirana ndi plankton ina, nthawi zambiri pakati pa algae oyandama ndi zinthu zina panyanja. Mazira amakhala ndi zomangira zaubweya zomwe zimawathandiza kumamatira ku zinthu zoyandama. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zazikulu, zokazinga za nsomba zambiri zouluka zimakhala zamitundu yowala.