Pate wa chiwindi cha Foie Gras amadziwika kuti ndi chakudya chokoma ku France - lingaliro la moyo wapamwamba; ku France mwamwambo amaperekedwa patebulo la Khrisimasi.
Achifalansa siwolemba chinsinsi cha foie gras, ngakhale chifukwa cha iwo mbaleyo yakhala yotchuka komanso yopembedza. Aiguputo anali oyamba kuphika ndikutumiza chiwindi cha tsekwe zaka 4 zapitazo. Adazindikira kuti ziwindi za atsekwe ndi abakha osamukasamuka ndizabwino kwambiri, ndipo izi ndichifukwa choti amadya nkhuyu kwambiri akaimitsa ndege. Kuti azidya chakudya chotere nthawi zonse, Aigupto adayamba mokakamiza kudyetsa nkhuku ndi nkhuyu - kudya mokakamizidwa kwamasabata angapo kunapangitsa kuti chiwindi ndi abakha zikhale zowutsa mudyo, zonenepa komanso zofewa.
Njira yakudyetsa mbalame imatchedwa gawage. M'mayiko ena, kuchitira ziweto zoletsa ndikuletsa ndikulangidwa, koma okonda ma foie gras sawona kukakamizidwa ngati chiwopsezo chilichonse. Mbalame zomwezo sizimva kuwawa, koma zimangodya zokoma ndikumachira msanga. Njira yowonjezera chiwindi imawonedwa ngati yachilengedwe komanso yosinthika, mbalame zosamuka zimadyanso kwambiri, kuchira, ndipo chiwindi chawo chimakulanso kangapo.
Njira imeneyi idasungidwa ndi Ayuda omwe amakhala ku Egypt. Amakwaniritsa zolinga zawo pakudya mafuta motere: chifukwa choletsa mafuta a nkhumba ndi batala, zinali zopindulitsa kwa iwo kuweta mafuta, kudyetsa nkhuku, zomwe zimaloledwa kudya. Chiwindi cha mbalame chimawerengedwa kuti sichosher ndipo chimagulitsidwa mopindulitsa. Ayuda adasamutsira ukadaulowu ku Roma, ndipo a pâté achifundo adasamukira kuma tebulo awo apamwamba.
Chiwindi cha tsekwe ndi chofewa komanso chokoma kwambiri kuposa chiwindi cha bakha ndi fungo la musky ndi kukoma kwake. Kupanga chiwindi cha bakha ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri masiku ano, chifukwa chake ma foie gras amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera pamenepo.
Foie Gras ndi Chifalansa cha "mafuta a chiwindi". Koma liwu loti chiwindi m'zilankhulo za gulu la Romance, lomwe limaphatikizaponso Chifalansa, limatanthawuza nkhuyu zomwe zimakonda kudyetsa mbalame. Masiku ano, komabe, mbalame zimadyetsedwa ndi chimanga chophika, mavitamini opangira, soya ndi chakudya chapadera.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, pate wa tsekwe anawonekera m'zaka za zana la 4, koma maphikidwe a nthawi imeneyo sanadziwikebe. Maphikidwe oyamba omwe adakalipo mpaka pano adachokera m'zaka za zana la 17 ndi 18 ndipo adafotokozedwa m'mabuku ophikira aku France.
M'zaka za zana la 19, ma foie gras adakhala chakudya chapamwamba cha olemekezeka aku France, ndipo kusiyanasiyana pakukonzekera pate kunayamba kuonekera. Mpaka pano, malo odyera ambiri amakonda kuphika ma foie gras m'njira zawo.
France ndiye wamkulu kwambiri komanso wogulitsa ma foie gras padziko lapansi. Pate imadziwikanso ku Hungary, Spain, Belgium, USA ndi Poland. Koma ku Israeli mbale iyi ndi yoletsedwa, monga ku Argentina, Norway ndi Switzerland.
M'madera osiyanasiyana aku France, ma foie gras nawonso amasiyana mtundu, kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake. Mwachitsanzo, ku Toulouse ndi pâté wonyezimira, ku Strasbourg ndi pinki komanso wolimba. Ku Alsace, kuli gulu lonse la ma foie gras - mtundu wina wa atsekwe umakulira kumeneko, womwe chiwindi chake chimafikira magalamu 1200.
Ubwino wa foie gras
Monga chogulitsa nyama, ma foie gras amadziwika kuti ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Pali mafuta ambiri osakwaniritsidwa m'chiwindi, omwe amatha kufanana ndi cholesterol m'magazi amunthu ndikuthandizira maselo, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amthupi.
Mafuta a chiwindi cha tsekwe ndi 412 kcal pa magalamu 100 a mankhwala. Ngakhale mafuta ali ndi mafuta ambiri, chiwindi cha nkhuku chimakhala ndi mafuta osakwanira kuposa mafuta batala kawiri, komanso mafuta ochepetsa kawiri.
Kuphatikiza pa mafuta, mapuloteni ambiri, bakha ndi tsekwe ali ndi mavitamini a gulu B, A, C, PP, calcium, phosphorous, iron, magnesium, manganese. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma foie gras ndikofunikira pamavuto amtima ndi mtima.
Zophikira zosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu ingapo yama foie gras yogulitsidwa m'masitolo. Chiwindi chaiwisi chimatha kuphikidwa monga momwe mumafunira, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo zikangokhala zatsopano. Chiwindi chophika theka chimafunikanso kumaliza nthawi yomweyo ndikutumikira. Chiwindi cha pasteurized chimakhala chokwanira kudya ndipo chimatha kusungidwa m'firiji kwa miyezi ingapo. Zaamzitini chiwindi chosawilitsidwa akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, koma kukoma kwake kuli kutali ndi French pâté weniweni.
Chopindulitsa kwambiri chimawerengedwa kuti ndi choyera, chiwindi chonse cha nkhuku popanda zowonjezera. Amagulitsidwa yaiwisi, yophika pang'ono komanso yophika.
Foie gras ndiwotchuka ndi kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zabwino - ma truffles, osankhika mowa. Kuchokera pachiwindi chomwecho, mousses, parfaits, pates, terrines, galantines, medallions zakonzedwa - zonsezi zikugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zaumisiri. Kwa mafuta opopera msuzi, menyani chiwindi ndi zonona, azungu azungu ndi mowa mpaka misa itayamba kusungunuka. Terrine amaphika posakaniza mitundu ingapo ya chiwindi, kuphatikiza nkhumba ndi ng'ombe.
Kuti mupange foie gras, muyenera chiwindi chatsopano kwambiri. Peeled kuchokera kumafilimu ndikuchepetsedwa pang'ono, amawotcha mafuta ndi batala. Ndi yabwino ngati chiwindi chimakhalabe chofewa komanso chamadzi mkati, ndikukhala ndi cholimba chagolide panja. Ngakhale zikuwoneka ngati zosavuta, palibe amene amakwanitsa kuthamangitsa bakha kapena chiwindi.
Chiwindi chokazinga chimapakidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya msuzi ngati mbale yayikulu komanso ngati chophatikizira mu mbale yamagulu angapo. Foie gras amaphatikiza bowa, mabokosi, zipatso, zipatso, mtedza, zonunkhira.
Njira inanso yopangira pate ndi chiwindi cha mbalame chomwe chimatsukidwa mu kogogoda ndi zonunkhira, ma truffle ndi Madeira amawonjezeredwa pamenepo ndikukhala pate wosakhwima, womwe umakonzedwa m'malo osambira m'madzi. Zimapezeka kuti ndizakudya zopumira, zomwe zimadulidwa ndikuphika ndi tositi, zipatso ndi masamba a saladi.
Foie gras salola kuyandikira kwa vinyo wowawasa wachinyamata; Vinyo wonyezimira wotsekemera kapena champagne adzagwirizana nazo.