Hatchi ya Gubar ndi kavalo wamawanga, okhala m'chigwa cha Amur, monga nsomba zina zamtundu wa "akavalo", ngakhale ali ndi dzina lachilendo, amafanana ndi ma barbel kapena minnows. Ponena za mtundu wonse wa akavalo, wopangidwa ndi mitundu 12, ndi ya banja la carp. Nsomba zonse zamtunduwu zimakhala m'malo osungira madzi abwino omwe ali ku East Asia, kumpoto kwa mitsinje ya Far East ya Russia, Zilumba za Japan ndi kumwera chakumwera kwa Mekong beseni, komwe amawetedwa pang'ono. ). Nsomba zonse zamtundu wamtunduwu ndizochepa kukula ndi kulemera kwake, monga lamulo, osapitirira 2 kg.
Monga tanenera kale, m'dera la Far East la Russia, mumtsinje wa Amur, pali kavalo wamawanga, komanso kavalo wa gubar, yemwe ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zamtundu, zomwe zimakula kuposa masentimita 60 ndi kulemera. mpaka 4 kg. Kavalo wamawanga ali ndi kukula kocheperako (mpaka 40 cm). Maonekedwe, nsomba zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana komanso zina. Zomwe zimaphatikizika ndi thupi lalitali, mphuno yokhala ndi m'munsi pakamwa ndi tinyanga, ngati minnow, ndi chipsepse chapamwamba chokhala ndi msana wakuthwa. Amasiyana wina ndi mzake mwatsatanetsatane monga: pipit yowoneka imakhala ndi mtundu wofanana ndi minnow, pamene mu gubar ndi silver-gray; milomo ya kavalo wa mawanga ndi yopyapyala, ndipo mphuno imakhala yosasunthika, mosiyana ndi kavalo wa gubar, ndi maonekedwe a minofu. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe akunja, nsomba zimasiyana pang'ono ndi moyo wawo komanso malo awo. Kavalo wamawanga amakonda kukhala m'madzi owonjezera, makamaka m'nyanja. Imapita ku mainstream nthawi yozizira. Chakudya pansi, chosakanikirana. Chakudya chachikulu cha kavalo wamawanga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma benthic invertebrates, koma molluscs ndi osowa. Nsomba zazing'ono zimadya nyama zotsika kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'madzi okwera, koma zikakula, zimasinthira ku chakudya chapansi. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, mapipi akuluakulu omwe amawawona nthawi zambiri amadya nsomba zazing'ono, monga minnows. Mosiyana ndi mawanga, kavalo wa gubar amakhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, amakonda kukhalapo pakali pano. Kawirikawiri samalowa m'madzi osasunthika. Chakudyacho ndi chofanana ndi kavalo wamawanga, koma chibadwa chake cholusa sichimakula. Chakudya chachikulu ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zapafupi ndi pansi. Nsomba zonsezi, pamlingo wina, zimapikisana pazakudya ndi ma cyprinids ena, monga carps. Ma skate amakumbidwa pang'ono ndi asodzi.
Njira zophera nsomba
Ngakhale kuti ndi zazing'ono komanso zolimba, nsombazi zimakhala zokoma kwambiri ndipo zimakonzedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe akugwira ma skate a Amur amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi moyo wapansi wa nsombazi. Nsomba zopambana kwambiri zimagwidwa pa nyambo zachilengedwe mothandizidwa ndi zida zapansi ndi zoyandama. Nthawi zina, nsomba zimakhudzidwa ndi ma spinners ang'onoang'ono, komanso mormyshka. Mu kasupe ndi autumn, kuluma kwa kavalo kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri ndipo kumasiyanitsidwa ndi zitsanzo zazikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhulupirira kuti ma skate ndi nsomba zamadzulo ndipo zimagwidwa bwino m'mawa ndi madzulo, komanso usiku. Usodzi wa ma skate okhala ndi nyambo zopanga zimangochitika zokha ndipo nsombazi nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa mwangozi. Poganizira kuti kavalo wapakati amayankha bwino ku nyambo zamasamba ndipo amadziwika ndi moyo wokhamukira, ndizothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodyetserako pogwiritsa ntchito nyambo zosakaniza kuchokera pansi. Monga chikho cha nsomba, nsomba zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa zikagwidwa zimasonyeza kukana kwambiri.
Nyambo
Nsomba zimagwidwa pa nyambo zosiyanasiyana za nyama ndi masamba. Mofanana ndi kukwera, ma skate amakhudzidwa ndi chimanga, zinyenyeswazi za mkate, ndi zina. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nyama zikhoza kuonedwa ngati mphuno zothandiza kwambiri, monga mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina tizilombo ta padziko lapansi, nyama ya nkhono, ndi zina zotero. Ngati mukufuna kugwira pa kupota, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito spinners ang'onoang'ono ndi wobblers, pamene ndi othandiza kwambiri m'dzinja ndi kasupe zhor.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Hatchi yamawangawa imakhala m'madzi aku China, koma idasamutsidwa mwangozi kumalo ena osungira ku Central Asia. M'chigwa cha Amur, chimayimiridwa kwambiri pakatikati ndi m'munsi, m'nyanja ndi mapiri a Amur, Sungari, Ussuri, Nyanja ya Khanka ndi ena. Komanso, anthu amadziwika mu mitsinje ya kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Sakhalin Island. Kavalo wa Gubar amakhala, poganizira gawo la China, pa Peninsula ya Korea, zilumba za Japan ndi Taiwan. Mu beseni la Amur, limaimiridwa kwambiri, kuchokera pakamwa kupita ku Shilka, Argun, Bair-Nur.
Kuswana
Mitundu yonseyi imakhwima pakugonana ikafika zaka 4-5. Kubereketsa kumachitika m'madzi ofunda m'nyengo yachisanu ndi chilimwe, kawirikawiri kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa June. Komabe, nthawi yake imadalira kwambiri malo omwe nsombazo zimakhala ndipo zimagwirizana ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana za dera lomwe Amur amayenda. Caviar yomata, yolumikizidwa pansi. Malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili, nsomba zimamera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka, kavalo wamawanga, kukhala m'madzi abata, amaikira mazira pafupi ndi zopinga zamadzi, nsabwe ndi udzu.