Thandizani Nyama Zosokera: Kodi N'zotheka? Za njira zaumunthu zowongolera kuchuluka kwa anthu, zomwe zachitika ku Europe ndi kupitirira apo

Palibe chiweto chimodzi chomwe chimafuna kusokera mwakufuna kwake, timawapanga motero. Agalu oyambirira adagwidwa zaka zoposa 18 zapitazo pa Late Paleolithic, amphaka oyambirira pambuyo pake - zaka 9,5 zikwi zapitazo (asayansi sanagwirizane ndendende pamene izi zinachitika). Ndiko kuti, nyama zonse zopanda pokhala zomwe tsopano zikukhala m'misewu ya mizinda yathu ndi mbadwa za agalu akale akale ndi amphaka omwe anabwera kudzawotha moto wa anthu oyambirira. Kuyambira tili achichepere, timazoloŵerana ndi mawu ofala akuti: “Tili ndi thayo la amene tawaweta.” Nanga n’cifukwa ciani, m’nthawi yathu yopita patsogolo ya umisiri, anthu sanaphunzilepo zinthu zopepuka ndi zomveka ngakhale kwa mwana? Kaonedwe ka nyama kamasonyeza mmene anthu onse aliri athanzi. Ubwino ndi chitukuko cha boma chikhoza kuweruzidwa ndi momwe anthu omwe sangathe kudzisamalira amatetezedwa m'boma lino.

Zochitika ku Ulaya

"M'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, chiwerengero cha nyama zopanda pokhala sichimayendetsedwa ndi boma," akutero Natalie Konir, mkulu wa dipatimenti ya PR ya bungwe lapadziko lonse loteteza zinyama Four Paws. “Amabereka ana popanda kulamulidwa ndi munthu. Chifukwa chake kuwopseza moyo wa nyama ndi anthu.

M’maiko ambiri a EU, Kum’mwera ndi Kum’maŵa kwa Ulaya, agalu ndi amphaka amakhala kumidzi kapena m’mizinda chifukwa chakuti amadyetsedwa ndi anthu osamala. Pankhaniyi, nyama zotambasula zimatha kutchedwa zopanda nyumba, m'malo mwake, "pagulu". Ochuluka a iwo amaphedwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri mwankhanza, wina amatumizidwa ku malo obisalamo, mikhalidwe yotsekeredwa yomwe imasiya zambiri zofunika. Zifukwa za kuchuluka kwa anthuwa ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zovuta, ndipo zili ndi mbiri yawoyake m'dziko lililonse.

Palibe ziwerengero za nyama zosokera ku Europe konse. Zimangodziwika kuti Romania ikhoza kusankhidwa pakati pa madera ovuta kwambiri. Malinga ndi kunena kwa akuluakulu a m’deralo, ku Bucharest kokha kuli agalu ndi amphaka 35, ndipo onse m’dzikoli alipo 000 miliyoni. Pa Seputembala 4, 26, Purezidenti waku Romania Traian Băsescu adasaina lamulo lolola kupha agalu osokera. Zinyama zimatha kukhala m'malo obisalamo mpaka masiku a 2013, pambuyo pake, ngati palibe amene akufuna kupita nazo kunyumba, zimachotsedwa. Chisankhochi chinayambitsa zionetsero padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo ku Russia.

- Pali mayiko atatu omwe vutoli lathetsedwa moyenera momwe zingathere malinga ndi malamulo. Awa ndi Germany, Austria ndi Switzerland,” akupitiriza Natalie Konir. “Pali malamulo okhwima osunga ziweto kuno. Mwini aliyense ali ndi udindo wosamalira nyamayo ndipo ali ndi maudindo angapo ovomerezeka. Agalu onse otayika amathera m’misasa, kumene amasamaliridwa kufikira eni ake atapezeka. Komabe, m’mayikowa, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto la amphaka osokera, omwe ndi ovuta kuwagwira, chifukwa nyama zausiku zimenezi zimabisala m’malo obisika masana. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amphaka ndi ochuluka kwambiri.

Kuti timvetse bwino mmene zinthu zilili, tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane zimene zinachitikira Ajeremani ndi a British.

Germany: misonkho ndi tchipisi

Ku Germany, chifukwa cha misonkho komanso kutsika, kulibe agalu osokera. Pogula galu, mwini wake amayenera kulembetsa chiwetocho. Nambala yolembetsa imayikidwa mu chip, yomwe imalowetsedwa muzofota. Choncho, nyama zonse pano zimaperekedwa kwa eni ake kapena malo ogona.

Ndipo ngati mwiniwakeyo mwadzidzidzi asankha kuponya chiwetocho pamsewu, ndiye kuti akhoza kuphwanya lamulo la chitetezo cha zinyama, chifukwa choterechi chikhoza kutchulidwa ngati nkhanza. The chindapusa mu nkhani iyi akhoza 25 mayuro zikwi. Ngati mwiniwake alibe mwayi wosunga galuyo kunyumba, ndiye kuti akhoza, osati mochedwa, kumuyika m'nyumba.

"Mukawona mwangozi galu akuyenda m'misewu popanda mwiniwake, ndiye kuti mutha kulumikizana ndi apolisi mosatetezeka," akutero Sandra Hyunich, wogwirizira ntchito yosamalira nyama zopanda pokhala wa bungwe lapadziko lonse loteteza nyama ku Four Paws. - Nyamayo idzagwidwa ndikuyiyika m'malo obisalamo, omwe alipo oposa 600.

Pogula galu woyamba, mwiniwake amapereka msonkho wa 150 euro, wotsatira - 300 euro kwa aliyense wa iwo. Galu wankhondo adzawononga ndalama zambiri - pafupifupi ma euro 650 kuphatikiza inshuwaransi ngati ataukira anthu. Eni ake agalu otere ayenera kukhala ndi chilolezo chokhala ndi galuyo ndi satifiketi ya kulinganiza kwake.

M'malo ogona, agalu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino mwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo amatha kukhala moyo wonse. Zinyama zodwala kwambiri zimaphedwa. Lingaliro la kupha anthu limapangidwa ndi veterinarian wodalirika.

Ku Germany, simungaphe kapena kuvulaza nyama popanda chilango. Onse ophwanya malamulo, mwanjira ina, adzakumana ndi lamulo.

Ajeremani ali ndi zovuta kwambiri ndi amphaka:

“Mabungwe opereka chithandizo awerengera amphaka osokera pafupifupi 2 miliyoni ku Germany,” akupitiriza Sandra. “Mabungwe ang'onoang'ono omwe si aboma oteteza nyama amawagwira, amawatsekera ndikumasula. Vuto ndiloti ndizosatheka kudziwa ngati mphaka woyenda alibe nyumba kapena watayika. M’zaka zitatu zapitazi, akhala akuyesera kuthetsa vutoli pamlingo wa ma tauni. Mizinda yoposa 200 yakhazikitsa lamulo loti eni amphaka azidyera amphaka awo asanawalole kutuluka panja.

UK: 2013 agalu anaphedwa mu 9

M'dziko lino, palibe nyama zopanda pokhala zomwe zidabadwa ndikuleredwa mumsewu, pali ziweto zosiyidwa kapena zotayika.

Ngati wina awona galu akuyenda popanda mwini wake pamsewu, amadziwitsa wosamalira nyama zopanda pokhala. Nthawi yomweyo amamutumiza kumalo obisalirako komweko. Apa galu amasungidwa kwa masiku 7 kuti atsimikizire ngati ali ndi mwini wake. Pafupifupi theka la "ana osowa pokhala" omwe agwidwa kuchokera pano amabwezeretsedwa kwa eni ake, ena onse amatumizidwa kumalo osungirako anthu komanso mabungwe othandizira (omwe alipo pafupifupi 300 pano), kapena amagulitsidwa, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, amathandizidwa.

Pang'ono za manambala. Mu 2013, ku England kunali agalu 112 osochera. Pafupifupi 000% ya chiwerengero chawo adalumikizidwanso ndi eni ake mchaka chomwecho. 48% adasamutsidwa ku malo ogona a boma, pafupifupi 9% adatengedwa ndi mabungwe oteteza nyama kuti akapeze eni ake atsopano. 25% ya nyama (pafupifupi agalu 8) adagwiriridwa. Malingana ndi akatswiri, nyamazi zinaphedwa pazifukwa zotsatirazi: nkhanza, matenda, mavuto a khalidwe, mitundu ina, ndi zina zotero. Tisaiwale kuti mwiniwake alibe ufulu woperekera nyama yathanzi, imagwira ntchito kwa agalu omwe akudwala. ndi amphaka.

The Animal Welfare Act (2006) idakhazikitsidwa ku UK kuti iteteze nyama zinzake, koma zina zimagwira ntchito kwa nyama zonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina wapha galu osati podziteteza, koma chifukwa chokonda nkhanza ndi chisoni, ndiye kuti wolakwayo akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu.

Russia: zomwe zinachitikira kutengera?

Kodi ku Russia kuli agalu angati opanda pokhala? Palibe ziwerengero zovomerezeka. Ku Moscow, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Institute of Ecology and Evolution wotchedwa AN Severtsov, wochitidwa mu 1996, panali nyama zosokera 26-30 zikwi. Mu 2006, malinga ndi Wild Animal Service, chiwerengerochi sichinasinthe. Pafupifupi 2013, chiwerengero cha anthu chinachepetsedwa kukhala 6-7 zikwi.

Palibe amene akudziwa motsimikiza kuchuluka kwa malo okhala m'dziko lathu. Monga kuyerekezera kovutirapo, nyumba imodzi yokhayokha pamzinda uliwonse wokhala ndi anthu opitilira 500. Ku Moscow, zinthu zili bwino kwambiri: malo ogona 11 am'matauni, omwe ali ndi amphaka ndi agalu 15, komanso pafupifupi 25 apayekha, komwe kumakhala nyama pafupifupi 7.

Zinthu zikukulirakulira chifukwa ku Russia kulibe mapulogalamu aboma omwe angalole kuwongolera zinthu mwanjira inayake. Ndipotu, kupha nyama ndiyo njira yokhayo, yomwe siinalengezedwe ndi akuluakulu, yolimbana ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu. Ngakhale zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti njirayi imangowonjezera vutoli, chifukwa imathandizira kuti pakhale kuchulukitsa kwa chonde.

Daria Khmelnitskaya, mkulu wa bungwe la Virta Animal Welfare Foundation, anati: “Malamulo* amene angathandize pang’ono kuti zinthu ziwayendere bwino, koma kwenikweni palibe amene amawatsatira. "Chotsatira chake, kuchuluka kwa anthu m'maderawa kumayendetsedwa mwachisawawa ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi njira zankhanza kwambiri. Ndipo pali njira zotuluka ngakhale ndi malamulo omwe alipo.

- Kodi ndi koyenera kutengera dongosolo lakumadzulo la chindapusa ndi ntchito za eni zomwe zafotokozedwa momveka bwino m'malamulo?

"Izi ziyenera kutengedwa ngati maziko," akupitiriza Daria Khmelnitskaya. - Tisaiwale kuti ku Europe amayang'anira mosamalitsa kutayidwa kwa zinyalala za chakudya, mwachitsanzo, ndi chakudya cha nyama zopanda pokhala ndikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu.

Ndikofunikiranso kumvetsetsa kuti dongosolo lachifundo limapangidwa ndikuthandizidwa mwanjira iliyonse Kumadzulo. Ndicho chifukwa chake pali maukonde otukuka a malo ogona omwe samangosunga zinyama, komanso amalimbana ndi kusintha kwawo ndikufufuza eni ake atsopano. Ngati kupha ndi mawu okongola akuti "euthanasia" kumaloledwa mwalamulo ku England, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chochepa cha agalu chimakhala ozunzidwa, chifukwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha nyama zosagwirizana zimatengedwa ndi malo ogona komanso mabungwe othandiza. Ku Russia, kukhazikitsidwa kwa euthanasia kungatanthauze kuvomereza kwakupha. Palibe amene angalamulire izi.

Komanso, m’maiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, nyama zimatetezedwa ndi lamulo, chifukwa cha chindapusa chachikulu ndi udindo wa eni ake. Ku Russia, zinthu nzosiyana kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake, ngati titenga zochitika za anzathu akunja, ndiye kuti mayiko monga Italy kapena Bulgaria, kumene zinthu zikufanana ndi zathu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Italy, monga momwe aliyense akudziwira, pali mavuto aakulu ndi kusonkhanitsa zinyalala, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, pulogalamu yoletsa kubereka imagwira ntchito bwino. Nawanso omenyera ufulu wa zinyama achangu komanso akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi. Tili ndi zambiri zoti tiphunzire kwa iwo.

“Pulogalamu yoletsa kubereka yokha siyokwanira. Sosaite yokha iyenera kukhala yokonzekera zachifundo ndi kuthandiza nyama, koma Russia ilibe chodzitamandira pankhaniyi?

“Mosiyana ndi zimenezo,” akupitiriza Daria. - Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito ndikuthandizira malo ogona chikukula. Mabungwe pawokha sanakonzekere zachifundo, akungoyamba njira yawo ndikuphunzira pang'onopang'ono. Koma anthu amangochita bwino kwambiri. Ndiye zili ndi ife!

Njira zothetsera mavuto kuchokera ku "Four Paws"

Njira yanthawi yayitali ndiyofunikira:

- Kupezeka kwa chidziwitso kwa eni nyama, akuluakulu ndi osamalira, maphunziro awo.

 - Chowona Zanyama pagulu thanzi (katemera ndi mankhwala motsutsana majeremusi).

- Kutsekereza nyama zosokera,

- Kuzindikiritsa ndi kulembetsa agalu onse. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mwiniwake wa nyamayo ndi ndani, chifukwa ndi amene ali ndi udindo pa nyamayo.

- Kupanga malo okhala ngati malo osakhalitsa a ziweto zodwala kapena zakale.

- Njira zotengera "kutengera" nyama.

- Malamulo apamwamba okhudzana ndi maubwenzi a ku Ulaya pakati pa anthu ndi nyama, omwe amapangidwa kuti azilemekeza omalizawo ngati zolengedwa zomveka. Kupha ndi kuchitira nkhanza abale athu ang'onoang'ono kuyenera kuletsedwa. Boma likhazikitse mikhalidwe ya mabungwe oteteza nyama ndi nthumwi zawo kumayiko ndi zigawo.

Mpaka pano, "Mapazi anayi" amayendetsa pulogalamu yapadziko lonse yoletsa agalu m'mayiko khumi: Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, our country, Lithuania, Jordan, Slovakia, Sudan, India, Sri Lanka.

Bungweli lakhala likuchitiranso amphaka osokera ku Vienna kwa chaka chachiwiri. Akuluakulu a mzindawo nawonso anapereka zoyendera kwa anthu omenyera ufulu wa zinyama. Amphaka amagwidwa, kuperekedwa kwa madokotala, pambuyo pa opaleshoniyo amamasulidwa kumene adagwidwa. Madokotala amagwira ntchito kwaulere. Amphaka 300 adaphedwa chaka chatha.

Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, kulera ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yaumunthu yothetsera vutoli. Pamafunika ndalama zochepa kuti muphe nyama zosokera komanso katemera mazanamazana pamlungu kusiyana ndi kuziwononga.

Njira za pulogalamuyi ndi zaumunthu, zinyama sizivutika pakagwidwa ndikugwira ntchito. Amakopeka ndi chakudya ndipo amawatsekera pansi pa anesthesia. Komanso, onse amadulidwa. M'zipatala zoyenda, odwala amakhala masiku ena anayi asanabwerere komwe amakhala.

Manambalawo amalankhula okha. Ku Bucharest, pulogalamuyi inayamba kugwira ntchito pafupifupi zaka 15 zapitazo. Chiwerengero cha agalu osokera chatsika kuchoka pa 40 kufika pa 000.

Zosangalatsa

Thailand

Kuyambira 2008, galu wosadulidwa akhoza kutengedwa kwa mwiniwake ndikusamutsidwa ku khola. Pano nyamayo imatha kukhalabe mpaka imfa yake yachibadwa. Komabe, tsoka lomweli limakhudzanso agalu onse osochera.

Japan

Mu 1685, shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, wotchedwa Inukobo, anayerekezera mtengo wa moyo wa munthu ndi galu wosochera popereka lamulo loletsa kupha nyama zimenezi chifukwa cha ululu wa kuphedwa. Malinga ndi mtundu wina wa izi, mmonke wachibuda adafotokozera Inukobo kuti mwana wake yekhayo, shogun, adamwalira chifukwa chakuti m'moyo wakale adavulaza galu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Tsunayoshi anapereka malamulo angapo amene anapatsa agalu ufulu wambiri kuposa anthu. Ngati nyama ziwononga mbewu m'minda, alimi anali ndi ufulu wongowapempha kuti achoke ndi caress ndi kukopa, zinali zoletsedwa kukuwa. Anthu a m’mudzi wina anaphedwa pamene lamulo linaphwanyidwa. Tokugawa anamanga mobisalamo agalu mitu 50, kumene nyamazo zinkalandira chakudya katatu patsiku, kuŵirikiza kamodzi ndi theka poyerekezera ndi chakudya cha antchito. Pamsewu, galuyo ankayenera kulemekezedwa, wolakwayo analangidwa ndi ndodo. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Inukobo mu 1709, zatsopanozo zidathetsedwa.

China

Mu 2009, pofuna kuthana ndi kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha nyama zopanda pokhala komanso matenda a chiwewe, akuluakulu a boma la Guangzhou analetsa anthu okhala m’nyumbamo kukhala ndi agalu oposa mmodzi.

Italy

Monga gawo lolimbana ndi eni ake osasamala, omwe pachaka amaponya agalu 150 ndi amphaka 200 mumsewu (deta ya 2004), dzikolo lidapereka zilango zazikulu kwa eni ake. Uwu ndi mlandu waupandu kwa chaka chimodzi komanso chindapusa cha 10 euros.

*Malamulo amati chani?

Masiku ano ku Russia pali malamulo angapo omwe amayitanidwa mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina:

- Pewani kuchitira nkhanza nyama

- kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nyama zosokera,

- tetezani ufulu wa eni ziweto.

1) Malinga ndi Article 245 ya Criminal Code "Nkhanza kwa Zinyama", nkhanza za nyama zimalangidwa ndi chindapusa cha ma ruble 80, ntchito yowongolera mpaka maola 360, ntchito yowongolera mpaka chaka, kumanga mpaka miyezi 6, kapenanso kumangidwa mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ngati chiwawacho chikuchitidwa ndi gulu lokonzekera, chilango chimakhala chokhwima. Mlingo waukulu kwambiri ndi kumangidwa mpaka zaka ziwiri.

2) Kuwongolera chiwerengerocho kumayendetsedwa ndi Lamulo la Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation. Kuchokera ku 06 No. 05 "Kupewa matenda a chiwewe pakati pa anthu." Malinga ndi chikalatachi, pofuna kuteteza anthu ku matendawa, akuluakulu a boma amayenera katemera nyama, kuteteza mapangidwe a malo otayirako, kuchotsa zinyalala pa nthawi yake ndikuchotsa zotengera. Ziweto zopanda pokhala ziyenera kugwidwa ndikusungidwa m'malo osungiramo ana apadera.

3) Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti malinga ndi malamulo athu, nyama ndi katundu (Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Art. 137). Lamulo likuti ngati muwona galu wosokera mumsewu, muyenera kulumikizana ndi apolisi ndi ma municipalities kuti mupeze mwiniwake. Pakufufuza, nyamayo iyenera kusamalidwa. Ngati muli ndi zikhalidwe zonse zosungira kunyumba, mutha kuchita nokha. Ngati patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mwiniwakeyo sanapezeke, galuyo amakhala wanu kapena muli ndi ufulu womupatsa "katundu wa municipal". Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngati mwadzidzidzi mwiniwake wakale abwerera mwadzidzidzi mwadzidzidzi, ali ndi ufulu womutenga galuyo. Inde, malinga ngati nyama imakumbukirabe ndikumukonda (Article 231 ya Civil Code).

Zolemba: Svetlana ZOTOVA.