Zamkatimu
Kuyenda pa ayezi ndi matalala kumakhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Mayendedwe amtunduwu, ngati aerosleigh, amaphatikiza zabwino zambiri. Komabe, palinso kuipa. Mutha kupanga chipale chofewa ndi manja anu, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri zomwe zili pafupi, zida zopangidwa mwaluso. Nthawi yomweyo, iwo sadzakhala oyipa kuposa ma analogue ambiri mafakitale.
Mukadzipanga nokha kuchokera pachida chilichonse, choyamba muyenera kumaliza ntchito yomanga. Ilo nalonso lagawidwa m’magawo anayi
- Kupanga zinthu luso, makhalidwe;
- Malingaliro aukadaulo, pomwe pali masanjidwe ambiri azinthu;
- Kukonzekera kojambula, komwe kujambula kwa mankhwala ndi zigawo zake ndi mawerengedwe oyenerera akuchitika;
- Zolemba zogwirira ntchito zomwe zojambulazo zimapangidwira poganizira zomwe zilipo panopa, misonkhano yomwe ilipo kale, njira, ndi mphamvu za wopanga.
Mwachilengedwe, wochita-wekha mumsonkhano sangamalize zojambula zonse mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo maphunziro nthawi zambiri salola. Komabe, muyenera kuyesetsa kupanga zojambula ndi kuwerengera, makamaka pankhani ya zida zovuta zapamsewu, monga magalimoto oyendetsa chipale chofewa.
Kuyendetsa magwiridwe
Gawo loyamba lomwe liyenera kuganiziridwa ndi misa yoyenda ya sled, G. Imakhala ndi kulemera kwa sled yokha, katundu ndi okwera, ndi mafuta m'matangi odzazidwa ndi mphamvu. Parameter iyi imatsimikiziridwa pafupifupi, ndi bwino kusankha pazigawo zoyamba ndi malire ang'onoang'ono. Mu mawerengedwe koyambirira, munthu ayenera kuyamba kuchokera chakuti kulemera kwa silori si oposa kilogalamu 14 pa mphamvu imodzi ya injini, ndiye zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa bwino kwambiri.
Ngati mukufuna kupanga ma snowmobiles amtundu wina wonyamula, ndiye kuti mutha kutenga zitsanzo zambiri ndikuwona kuchuluka kwawo. Apanso, ndi bwino kuti mutenge ndi malire, makamaka pa gawo loyambirira la mapangidwe. Nthawi zonse kumakhala kosavuta kuwerengeranso katundu wocheperako kuposa wamkulu.
Chiyerekezo cha thrust-to-weight
Chigawo chachiwiri ndi chiŵerengero cha kuponderezedwa kwa kulemera, mphamvu ya mphamvu D. Imatsimikiziridwa ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya kukoka kwa misa yoguba, D = T / G. Coefficient iyi siyenera kukhala yochepera 0.25, ndikofunika kuitenga mozungulira 0.3. Chiyerekezo cha thrust-to-weight chikuwonetsa momwe galimoto yachipale chofewa imatha kusuntha, kuthamanga, kugonjetsa kukwera ndi zopinga zina. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kulemera kwa kuyenda kumatengedwa mu kilogalamu.
Mu chilinganizo cham'mbuyo, gawo la thrust T linagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimatsimikiziridwa potengera mphamvu ya injini ndi magawo a propeller pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo. Chosavuta kwambiri ndi chakuti ngati kukankhira kwa propeller kumadziwika ndi ma kilogalamu pa mphamvu ya akavalo, T=0.8Np. Apa N ndi mphamvu ya injini, p ndi mphamvu yeniyeni yoyendetsera ma kilogalamu pa mphamvu ya ndiya.
Mutha kudziwa mphamvu yokoka pogwiritsa ntchito njira ina yomwe ingagwire ntchito pa ma propeller amitundu iwiri kapena atatu, T=(33.25 0.7 N d)²/3. Apa N ndi mphamvu yovoteledwa, d ndi mainchesi a propeller mu mita, 0.7 ndi coefficient yomwe imadalira mawonekedwe a propeller. Kwa zomangira wamba ndi 0.7, kwa ena zitha kukhala zosiyana.
Zochitika Zina
Makhalidwe ena monga osiyanasiyana, liwiro, kukwera ndi kutsika zidzadalira kwambiri injini yosankhidwa, mphamvu ya thanki ndi coefficient yamphamvu. Ndikoyenera kulabadira kudera la u0.1bu0.2bthe skis kotero kuti kupanikizika kwawo pa chisanu sikupitirira XNUMX-XNUMX kg / sq. cm, ndipo ngati apangidwa kuti aziyenda pa ayezi, pangani amphibious snowmobile ngati madzi oundana ang'ambika. Makina oterowo ndiwothandiza kwambiri pausodzi wachilimwe mukamayenda pakati pa tchire lamaluwa amaluwa, apo ayi, propeller imadziwombera yokha ndikusweka. Magalimoto a chipale chofewa ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Unduna wa Zadzidzidzi kuti apulumutse anthu ku ayezi m'nyengo ya masika.
Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti kupanga magalimoto akuluakulu a chipale chofewa kwa anthu angapo kumatheka pokhapokha ngati injini yamphamvu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Payokha, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumawonjezera mtengo wapangidwe kambirimbiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta m'magalimoto otere kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Izi zimathetsa mapangidwe opangira kunyumba pankhani yosunga ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa mafuta ndi serial snowmobiles kwa anthu 5-6 ndi oposa malita 20 pa ola, ndipo amayenda pa liwiro la 100 Km / h pa madzi oundana, pa chisanu - mpaka 60-70.
Zizindikiro zoyendayenda za snowmobiles zoterezi zidzafanana ndi mphamvu zapamtunda za snowmobile ya mphamvu yonyamula yofanana. Komabe, iwo adzakhala ndi kukwera pang'ono, kugwiritsira ntchito koipitsitsa, kulephera kupita pa liwiro lotsika kudutsa m'mitengo ndi kuyendetsa bwino kudzakhala kotsika kwa snowmobile. Ngati mukukonzekera kudutsa m'nkhalango yachisanu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito snowmobile.
Magalimoto oyenda pa chipale chofewa otsika amatha kupanga okha. Ambiri amadzipangira okha kupanga magalimoto a chipale chofewa ndi injini ya lifan, ma chainsaws omwe amapangidwira imodzi ndikugwira ntchito bwino.
Snowmobile yopha nsomba
Chabwino, ngati ali:
- Khalani ndi chisangalalo chabwino
- Khalani ndi kachipangizo kochotsamo kamene kali ndi kuthekera kokonzanso boti m'chilimwe
Ngati chipale chofewa chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati bwato lathunthu, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chochotsera injini m'nyengo yachilimwe.
Kwenikweni, magalimoto oyendetsa chipale chofewa amapangidwa ndi okonda usodzi kumidzi, okhala pafupi ndi mtunda waukulu wamadzi. Ndizomveka kuzigwiritsa ntchito mu kasupe pa ayezi womveka bwino, pamene chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa chimakhala chochepa. Pali mikangano yabwino kwambiri yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kusiya mapangidwe apamwamba a ski, ndipo pansi kuti mugwiritse ntchito nthiti zitatu zapamwamba zoyendetsa.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthiti zouma zimapangidwira kuti zizitha kugwira ntchito ya skate. Pakakhala madzi pa ayezi, zimakhala zosavuta kuyenda. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, magalimoto oyendetsa chipale chofewa adzafika pamtunda wothamanga kwambiri, kuchepetsa kukana kwa chilengedwe. M'chilimwe, bwato loterolo lidzakhala bwato lodzaza ndi nyanja - kugonjetsa malovu ang'onoang'ono osefukira ndi madzi othamanga pamtsinje sikudzakhala vuto kwa iye monga bwato lamoto wamba.
Komabe, ndi zosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito "Kazanka" kapena "Kupita patsogolo" kwakale pazinthu zoterezi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pansi pawo alibe mphamvu zokwanira. Inde, ndipo kutsika kwa mtengo kudzavutika. Ndipo kuchokera ku nkhonya zolimba, pansi padzagwa kwambiri. Mapangidwe a magalimoto amakono a chipale chofewa ndi mabwato apamtunda opha nsomba amaphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa pansi olimba, komwe kumakhala ndi inflatable deck yokhala ndi polyk. Choncho, mayamwidwe mantha kumachitika pa kayendedwe. Zojambula zina ziyenera kudziwika kuti sizoyenera kwambiri.
Ma snowmobiles a bajeti: njira yopangira
Zotsatirazi zikufotokoza zamayendedwe ochiritsira a chipale chofewa a zomangamanga zakale zokhala ndi chimango. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsomba, kusaka ndi maulendo a munthu mmodzi.
chimango
Kupanga chimango cha snowmobile kuyenera kuwapatsa kulemera kopepuka. Kawirikawiri gawo lapansi la chimango limapangidwa kuti ligwirizane ndi mpando pamenepo, mawonekedwe a rectangular kapena trapezoidal. Ndikofunikira kuyiyika patsogolo pang'ono pakati, popeza injini ina, akasinja, propeller, katundu adzawonjezedwa, ndipo ndikofunikira kuyika pakati pa mphamvu yokoka pakati pa chimango. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi kupanga chimango cha injini, kufalitsa ndi propeller. Zimapangidwa ndi katatu, pamwamba padzakhala chotengera chomwe chiwongolero chotsogolera chimazungulira.
Chomangiracho chiyenera kukhala cholimba ngati chimango chapansi. Iyenera kupirira zolemetsa zazikulu, chifukwa mphamvu yomwe imayendetsa galimoto yachipale chofewa imayikidwa kwa iyo.
Chimangochi chimakhala ndi ma gussets ambiri ngati ndodo zomwe zimamangiriridwa pamakona atatu ndikupita patsogolo. Sikoyenera kukhala ndi mpando kumbuyo, chifukwa izi zidzasokoneza kuzungulira kwa propeller.
Zomwe zimapangidwira zimasankhidwa kuchokera ku mapaipi olimba a polypropylene. Mapaipi awa amapereka mphamvu zokhutiritsa, koma pakapita nthawi amatha kutaya mawonekedwe awo atanyamula. Ngati n'kotheka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi a aluminiyamu ndikugwirizanitsa ndi spurs, tees. Kuwotcherera kwa aluminiyamu kunyumba ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale pamaso pa kuwotcherera kwa argon kumataya mphamvu pakulumikizana ndi mabwalo.
Screw ndi motere
Injini yamphamvu kwambiri ya Lifan 168f-2 ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma injini a sitiroko anayi amayamba moyipa pang'ono nyengo yozizira, koma amakhala chete. Tanki yowonjezera ya pulasitiki yochokera ku thirakitala yoyenda-kumbuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Payokha, chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ndi kulemera ndi chokwanira kwa chipale chofewa chokhala ndi kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu 500-600.
Pulagiyo imapangidwa paokha, yokhala ndi masamba awiri, ili ndi mainchesi a 1.5 mita, yokulitsidwa molingana ndi zojambula zamitundu ya ndege. Kupanga wononga nokha ndi njira yovuta kwambiri ndipo pamafunika luso la ukalipentala. Kuphatikiza apo, mudzafunika matabwa a mapulo, hornbeam, beech, birch wa Karelian kapena matabwa ena olimba, owuma. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndi bwino kugula zomangira za aluminiyamu zomwe zidakonzedweratu kuchokera kusitolo.
Kuchokera pa injini kupita ku wononga, zida zochepetsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalamba okhala ndi chiŵerengero cha 1: 3 kuchokera pamakina opangira matabwa, okhala ndi chodzigudubuza. Ndi kusankha kwa liwiro modes kwa snowmobiles, chirichonse ndi m'malo zachisoni, ndipo n'kovuta kulankhula za gearbox pano chifukwa chakuti propeller yokha idzagwira ntchito bwino pa liwiro lokwanira, ndipo kuchepetsa iwo sikumawonjezera kukopa, pa mosiyana.
Kamangidwe, skiing ndi kusamalira
Mpando uli pomwepo kutsogolo kwa injini, pansi pake ndi thunthu. Thunthu lina lowonjezera likupezeka pafupi ndi nsonga za mapazi. Injini imayendetsedwa ndi gasi ndi ma clutch pedals. Mukhoza kuwatenga ku galimoto yakale ndi kuwalumikiza ku injini ndi zingwe.
Pali zogwirira ntchito ziwiri zowonjezera kutsogolo. Amalumikizidwa ndi zingwe zokhala ndi ma skis akutsogolo, omwe amatha kutembenukira kumanzere, kumanja kumanja ndikuwongolera, komanso molumikizana ndi mbendera zowongolera, zomwe zimakhala ziwiriziwiri kumbuyo kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa propeller. Chogwiririra chakumanzere chimayang'anira mbali yakumanzere, chogwiririra chakumanja chimawongolera kumanja. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito paokha, ndipo pobowoleza, ndikokwanira kubweretsa skis ndi mbendera mkati kukoka zogwirira zonse kwa inu.
Snowmobile ili ndi maski anayi, awiri kutsogolo ndi awiri kumbuyo. Maski awiri akutsogolo ndiafupi, opangidwa ndi chitsulo cha alloy. Ziwiri zam'mbuyo ndi zazitali, zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki. Ma skis akumbuyo amatenga nawo gawo pakuyendetsa galimoto yachipale chofewa. Ma skis amayikidwa pazithandizo zapadera zamakona atatu, amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chogwedezeka ndipo amamera kutsogolo.
Zojambulajambula ndi zowunikira
The snowmobile iyenera kupakidwa utoto wonyezimira womwe udzawonekere kutali ndi chipale chofewa. Zitha kukhala zofiira, zofiirira, zabuluu, zofiirira kapena mtundu wina uliwonse wofanana. Onetsetsaninso kuti mukupenta pulojekiti yowoneka bwino, makamaka mtundu womwe ndi wosiyana ndi thupi lalikulu la snowmobile. Nthawi zambiri lalanje amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula.
Pazida zowunikira, ndikofunikira kuyika zowunikira, komanso zowunikira pa propeller - zobiriwira kumanzere kwake poyenda, ndi zofiira kumanja. Nyali zakumutu ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira. Zoona zake n’zakuti nthawi ya masana m’nyengo yozizira imakhala yochepa, ndipo kuyenda masana kokha sikutheka.
Kuti asunge kulemera, nyali zapamutu ndi nyali zimayendetsedwa ndi batri yomwe imayimbidwa mosiyana ndi chipale chofewa musanakwere, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa dongosolo la jenereta.
Nthawi zambiri, batire imatha kuyenda kwa maola 3-4, zomwe ndi zokwanira kuti mufike kunyumba mumdima. Ngati mukufuna kudziteteza kuti nyali zakutsogolo ziwotche usiku wonse ngati mutayika, mutha kupangira kukhazikitsa ma coil owunikira panjinga yamoto yakale.
Nthawi Yomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Ma Airsled
Inde, kuti agwiritse ntchito magalimoto oyendetsa chipale chofewa m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri kuti atsimikizire moyo wa mudzi kapena munthu, palibe chilolezo chofunikira. Kuti muwakwere pa ayezi, komwe mungakumane ndi woyang'anira chitetezo cha nsomba, kuyendetsa ngakhale m'misewu yopanda chipale chofewa, muyenera kuwalembetsa ndi akuluakulu a Technical Supervision.
Iyi ndi njira yovuta komanso yayitali. Muyenera kupeza chiphaso chachitetezo, mawerengedwe otsimikizira mapangidwe. Mtengo wa ndondomekoyi umatsutsana ndi njira yopangira magalimoto a snowmobile okha kuti apulumutse ndalama. Simungathe kuchita popanda kulembetsa, chifukwa kukula kwa injini kwa iwo nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku ma cubes 150. Simungakhazikitse chaching'ono, sichingakoke chowongolera. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito galimoto yachipale chofewa, muyenera kupeza laisensi yapadera yoyendetsa.
Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, magalimoto oyendetsa chipale chofewa siabwino kwambiri pamagalimoto amtundu uliwonse, makamaka chifukwa chazifukwa zamaboma. Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta, makamaka m'chipale chofewa komanso m'chipale chofewa panthawi ya thaw. Poyerekeza ndi chipale chofewa chokhala ndi mbozi, zonyamula matalala zimadya mafuta ochulukirapo 1.5-2 pazosowa zomwezo. Chachitatu ndi kulephera kudutsa m’nkhalango.
Chifukwa chake, magalimoto oyendetsa chipale chofewa, ngakhale ndi njira yosavuta komanso yodalirika yoyendera, sikuti nthawi zonse ndi yabwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kukhala ndi magalimoto awo amtundu uliwonse, makamaka kwa asodzi omwe angakonde kusodza.