Jonathan Safran Foer: Simuyenera kukonda nyama, koma simuyenera kudana nazo

adacheza ndi wolemba Eating Animals Jonathan Safran Foer. Wolembayo akufotokoza za malingaliro okonda zamasamba ndi zolinga zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti alembe bukuli. 

Amadziwika ndi prose yake, koma mwadzidzidzi adalemba buku losapeka lomwe limafotokoza za kupanga mafakitale a nyama. Malinga ndi wolemba, iye si wasayansi kapena wafilosofi - analemba "Kudya Zinyama" monga wodya. 

“M’nkhalango za m’chigawo chapakati cha ku Ulaya, ankadya kuti akhale ndi moyo pa mpata uliwonse. Ku America, zaka 50 pambuyo pake, tinadya chilichonse chomwe tinkafuna. Makabati akukhichini anali odzaza ndi zakudya zogulidwa mwachisawawa, zakudya zamtengo wapatali, zakudya zomwe sitinafune. Tsiku lotha ntchito litatha, tinataya chakudyacho osanunkhiza. Chakudyacho chinalibe nkhawa. 

Agogo anga anatipatsa moyo umenewu. Koma iye mwini sanathe kuthetsa kukhumudwa kumeneko. Kwa iye, chakudya sichinali chakudya. Chakudya chinali chowopsa, ulemu, chiyamikiro, kubwezera, chisangalalo, manyazi, chipembedzo, mbiri, ndipo, ndithudi, chikondi. Monga ngati zipatso zimene anatipatsa zinazulidwa kunthambi za m’banja lathu losweka,” ndi gawo la bukhuli. 

Radio Netherlands: Bukuli lili ndi zambiri zokhudza banja ndi chakudya. Kwenikweni, lingaliro lolemba buku linabadwa pamodzi ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, mwana woyamba. 

M'mbuyo: Ndikufuna kumuphunzitsa mosasinthasintha. Chimodzi chomwe chimafuna kusadziwa kwadala pang'ono momwe kungathekere, kuyiwala pang'ono mwadala, ndi chinyengo chochepa momwe zingathere. Ndinkadziwa, monga anthu ambiri amadziwira, nyama imadzutsa mafunso ambiri ovuta. Ndipo ndimafuna kudziwa zomwe ndimaganiza pa zonsezi ndikulera mwana wanga molingana ndi izi. 

Radio Netherlands: Mumadziwika kuti ndinu wolemba nkhani zopeka, ndipo m’gulu limeneli mwambi winanso wakuti “Musalole zoona kuwononga nkhani yabwino” umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma buku lakuti “Eating Animals” lili ndi mfundo zenizeni. Kodi munasankha bwanji zambiri za bukuli? 

M'mbuyo: Ndi chisamaliro chachikulu. Ndagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zotsika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuchokera kumakampani opanga nyama. Ndikadasankha manambala ocheperako, bukhu langa likanakhala lamphamvu kwambiri. Koma sindinkafuna kuti ngakhale wowerenga watsankho padziko lonse asakayikire kuti ndinali kunena zoona zenizeni zokhudza malonda a nyama. 

Radio Netherlands: Kuphatikiza apo, mudakhalapo nthawi ndikuwonera ndi maso anu momwe amapangira nyama. M'buku, mumalemba za momwe mudakwawira m'gawo lazopanga nyama kudzera pawaya waminga usiku. Kodi sizinali zophweka? 

M'mbuyo: Zovuta kwambiri! Ndipo sindinkafuna kutero, panalibe chilichonse choseketsa pa izo, zinali zowopsa. Ichi ndi chowonadi china chokhudza malonda a nyama: pali mtambo waukulu wachinsinsi kuzungulira izo. Simumapeza mwayi wolankhula ndi membala wa bungwe limodzi mwamakampani. Mutha kukhala ndi mwayi wolankhula ndi munthu wina wovuta, koma simudzakumana ndi munthu wodziwa chilichonse. Ngati mukufuna kulandira chidziŵitso, mudzapeza kuti n’zosatheka. Ndipo ndizodabwitsadi! Mukungofuna kuyang'ana kumene chakudya chanu chimachokera ndipo sangakuloleni. Izi ziyenera kudzutsa kukayikira. Ndipo zinangondikwiyitsa. 

Radio Netherlands: Nanga ankabisa chiyani? 

M'mbuyo: Iwo amabisa nkhanza mwadongosolo. Momwe nyama zatsokazi zimachitidwira padziko lonse lapansi zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizosaloledwa (akanakhala amphaka kapena agalu). Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwa mafakitale a nyama kumangodabwitsa. Mabungwe amabisa chowonadi pamikhalidwe yomwe anthu amagwira ntchito tsiku lililonse. Ndi chithunzi chakuda ngakhale muyang'ane bwanji. 

Palibe chabwino mu dongosolo lonseli. Panthawi yolemba bukuli, pafupifupi 18% ya mpweya wotenthetsera mpweya umachokera ku ziweto. Pofika tsiku lomwe bukuli linasindikizidwa, deta iyi inali itangosinthidwa: tsopano akukhulupirira kuti ndi 51%. Zomwe zikutanthauza kuti makampaniwa ndi omwe amayambitsa kutentha kwa dziko kuposa magawo ena onse pamodzi. Bungwe la UN linanenanso kuti kuweta nyama zambiri ndi chinthu chachiwiri kapena chachitatu pamndandanda wazomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zonse zachilengedwe padziko lapansi. 

Koma siziyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi! Zinthu padziko lapansi sizinali choncho nthawi zonse, tapotoza chilengedwe poweta ziweto. 

Ndapitako m’mafamu a nkhumba ndipo ndawonapo nyanja za zinyalalazi zowazungulira. Iwo kwenikweni ndi maiwe osambira akulu akulu a Olimpiki odzaza ndi zinyalala. Ndaziwona ndipo aliyense akunena kuti ndizolakwika, siziyenera kukhala. Ndi poizoni kwambiri moti munthu akafika kumeneko mwadzidzidzi, amafa nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo, ndithudi, zomwe zili m'nyanjazi sizikusungidwa, zimasefukira ndikulowa m'madzi. Choncho, kuweta ziweto ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa madzi. 

Ndipo nkhani yaposachedwa, mliri wa E. coli? Ana anamwalira akudya ma hamburger. Sindingapatse mwana wanga hamburger, ayi - ngakhale pali mwayi wochepa woti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kupezeka pamenepo. 

Ndikudziwa anthu ambiri okonda zamasamba omwe sasamala za nyama. Iwo alibe nazo ntchito zomwe zingachitikire nyama m’mafamu. Koma sadzakhudza konse nyamayo chifukwa cha mmene imakhudzira chilengedwe kapena thanzi la munthu. 

Inenso sindili m'modzi mwa anthu omwe amalakalaka kukumbatirana ndi nkhuku, nkhumba kapena ng'ombe. Koma inenso sindimawada. Ndipo izi ndi zomwe tikukamba. Sitikunena za kufunika kokonda nyama, tikunena kuti sikuyenera kudana nazo. Ndipo musamachite ngati timadana nawo. 

Radio Netherlands: Timakonda kuganiza kuti tikukhala m'dera lotukuka kwambiri, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti boma lathu limabwera ndi malamulo ena oletsa kuzunzidwa kosayenera kwa nyama. Kuchokera m'mawu anu zikuwoneka kuti palibe amene amayang'anira kusungidwa kwa malamulowa? 

M'mbuyo: Choyamba, ndizovuta kwambiri kutsatira. Ngakhale ndi zolinga zabwino kwa oyendera, chiŵerengero chachikulu chotero cha nyama chimaphedwa pamlingo waukulu chotero! Nthawi zambiri, woyang'anira amakhala ndi masekondi awiri kuti ayang'ane zamkati ndi kunja kwa nyamayo kuti adziwe momwe kuphako kunayendera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mbali ina ya malo. Ndipo chachiwiri, vuto ndilakuti macheke ogwira mtima sali pa zokonda zawo. Chifukwa kuchitira nyama ngati nyama, osati monga chakudya chamtsogolo, kungawononge ndalama zambiri. Izi zingachedwetse ndondomekoyi ndikupangitsa kuti nyama ikhale yokwera mtengo. 

Radio Netherlands: Foer anakhala wosadya zamasamba pafupifupi zaka zinayi zapitazo. Mwachionekere, mbiri ya banja inamkhudza kwambiri chosankha chake chomaliza. 

M'mbuyo: Zinanditengera zaka 20 kuti ndikhale wosadya zamasamba. Zaka 20 zonsezi ndinkadziwa zambiri, sindinasiye choonadi. Pali anthu ambiri odziwa bwino, anzeru komanso ophunzira kwambiri padziko lapansi omwe akupitiriza kudya nyama, akudziwa bwino momwe ikuchokera komanso kumene ikuchokera. Inde, zimatidzaza ndi kukoma. Koma zinthu zambiri ndizosangalatsa, ndipo timazikana nthawi zonse, timatha kuchita izi. 

Nyama nayonso ndi supu ya nkhuku imene munapatsidwa muli mwana ndi chimfine, awa ndi ma cutlets a agogo, ma hamburger a abambo pabwalo panja padzuwa, nsomba za amayi zochokera ku grill - izi ndi zokumbukira za moyo wathu. Nyama ndi chilichonse, aliyense ali ndi zake. Chakudyacho ndi chokopa kwambiri, ndimakhulupirira kwambiri. Ndipo kukumbukira izi ndi zofunika kwa ife, sitiyenera kuzinyoza, tisazipeputse, tiyenera kuziganizira. Komabe, tiyenera kudzifunsa tokha: mtengo wa zikumbukirozi ulibe malire, kapena mwinamwake pali zinthu zofunika kwambiri? Ndipo chachiwiri, angasinthidwe? 

Mukumvetsa kuti ndikapanda kudya nkhuku ya agogo ndi kaloti, ndiye kuti njira zowafotokozera chikondi zitha, kapena kuti izi zisintha? Radio Netherlands: Kodi iyi ndi mbale yake yosayina? Foer: Inde, nkhuku ndi karoti, ndadya kangapo. Nthawi zonse tikapita kwa agogo, tinkawayembekezera. Nawa agogo ali ndi nkhuku: tidadya chilichonse ndikuti ndiye wophika bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndiyeno ndinasiya kudya. Ndipo ine ndinaganiza, chiyani tsopano? Karoti ndi karoti? Koma anapeza maphikidwe ena. Ndipo uwu ndi umboni wabwino koposa wa chikondi. Tsopano amatidyetsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana chifukwa tasintha ndipo wasintha poyankha. Ndipo mu kuphika uku pali tsopano zolinga zambiri, chakudya tsopano chimatanthauza zambiri. 

Tsoka ilo, bukuli silinamasuliridwebe mu Chirasha, kotero tikukupatsani mu Chingerezi. 

Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa chomasulira zokambirana pawailesi

Siyani Mumakonda