Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera
Koumiss (Masharubu) - Anthu aku Turkey. mwana wathu wamkazi - thovu mkaka wa Mare.
Chakumwa choledzeretsa chotengera mkaka wa Mare. Amapezeka ndi nayonso mphamvu motsogozedwa ndi acidophilus ndi Bulgaria Bacillus ndi yisiti. Chakumwa chimakhala ndi kukoma kokoma kowawasa, koyera ndi thovu pang'ono pamtunda. Koumiss, wopangidwa kuchokera kuzikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zoyambira, atha kukhala ndi mowa wosiyanasiyana. Zamkatimu zimatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira 0.2 mpaka 2.5 vol. Ndipo nthawi zina zimafika 4.5 pafupi. Pakuthira, mapuloteni amkaka amagawika m'magawo osavuta kugaya, ndipo lactose - kukhala asidi wa lactic, carbon dioxide, mowa, ndi zinthu zina.
Mbiri ya Koumiss
Mare adawonekera zaka zopitilira 5000 kuchokera kuthamangitsidwa kwa mahatchi ndi mafuko osamuka. Maulendo ofukula m'mabwinja omwe anachitika ku Mongolia, ndi Central Asia adawulula zotsalira zachikopa ndi zotsalira za mkaka wa Mare. Anasunga chinsinsi cha a Koumiss kwachinsinsi kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo alendo omwe mwangozi adaphunzira ukadaulo wakukonzekera chakumwa adachititsidwa khungu. Kumis ndiye chakumwa chadziko cha anthu aku Turkey. Koumiss Wotchuka ali ku Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, ndi mayiko ena aku Asia.
Pakadali pano, chinsinsi cha koumiss chimadziwika kwambiri, ndipo anthu samapanga kokha kunyumba komanso m'mafakitole. Kutengera malamulo onse opanga Koumiss, zotsika mtengo kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pofunafuna zakumwa zotsika mtengo, opanga ambiri amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wa Mare ndi ng'ombe. Zotsatira zake, zimachepetsa kwambiri zakumwa.
Kupanga koumiss wakale wotengera mkaka wa Mare kumakhala ndimadongosolo angapo:
- zokolola mkaka wa Mare. Chifukwa cha mkaka wocheperako womwe umatulutsa mkaka umodzi, anthu amamwa maresi katatu patsiku. Mafunde amkaka mkaka wa ng'ombe amatenga masekondi 3-6 kuti asonkhanitse mkaka wonse panthawiyi. Chifukwa chake zingakuthandizeni mukakhala ndi dzanja lamaluso kwambiri.
- Chofufumitsa. Mkaka wonse amatsanulira mu sitimayo kuchokera ku mtengo wa Linden ndikuyika oyambira a Mature Mare. Amatenthetsa osakaniza mpaka 18-20 ° C ndikusunthira kwa maola 1-6.
- Kutentha. Pakusakaniza, pamakhala machitidwe osakanikirana a lactic acid komanso kuthirira mowa. Ndi panthawi imeneyi anapanga zakudya zonse za Mare.
- Kusasitsa. The chifukwa osakaniza iwo kutsanulira mu losindikizidwa galasi botolo ndi kusiya kwa masiku 1-2 mu chipinda ofunda. Munthawi imeneyi ndimadzipangira nokha chakumwa.
Kutengera nthawi yakucha, mkaka wa Mare umagawika m'magulu atatu:
- kumys ofooka (1 vol.) Wokalamba tsiku limodzi, ali ndi thovu pang'ono, osati wowawasa kwambiri, wofanana ndi mkaka, koma ngati wayimilira pang'ono, kenako amakhala wolimba kwambiri pansi ndi madzi - kumtunda;
- avareji koumiss (pafupifupi 1.75.) Amakula masiku awiri. Pamaso pake pamapangika chithovu chosalekeza, kukoma kumakhala kowawa, kugwedeza chilankhulo, ndipo chakumwacho chimapeza yunifolomu, khola la emulsion;
- koumiss wamphamvu (3 vol.) Amakhala masiku atatu ndipo amakhala wowonda kwambiri komanso wowonjezera acid kuposa sing'anga koumiss, ndipo thovu lake silokhazikika.
Ubwino wa Koumiss
Mkaka wa Mare uli ndi michere yambiri yopezeka ndi 95% yazinthuzo. Kuphatikiza mavitamini (A, E, C, B gulu), mchere (chitsulo, ayodini, mkuwa), mafuta, ndi mabakiteriya a lactic acid.
Postnikov adasanthula zofunikira za koumiss mu 1858. Kutengera ntchito zake zasayansi, adatsegula malo ogulitsira ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyambira zochizira matenda osiyanasiyana ndi koumiss.
Mkaka wa Mare umadzaza ndi maantibayotiki omwe amawononga magwiridwe antchito a bacercle bacilli, typhoid, ndi kamwazi. Lactic acid mabakiteriya amakhudza kwambiri m'mimba ndikuwonjezera kutsekemera kwa madzi am'mimba omwe amawononga mafuta am'mapapo ndi ndulu. Kugwiritsa ntchito koumiss chithandizo cha zilonda zam'mimba ndi duodenum pakadali pano kukulirakulira. Mabakiteriya ochokera kumis amawononga kubereka ndi chitukuko cha zamoyo zowola ndi E. coli.
Chithandizo cha Koumiss
Dongosolo la mtima. Koumiss imakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe ndi magazi. Zimakulitsa zomwe zili m'maselo ofiira ofiira ndi maselo oyera amwazi omwe amalimbana mwamphamvu ndi zamoyo zonse zakunja ndi mabakiteriya.
Manjenje. Mare Koumiss amakhala ndi bata komanso kupumula, amawongolera kugona, amachepetsa kukwiya komanso kutopa kwanthawi yayitali.
Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo cha anthu, Koumiss ndibwino kuchiza matenda am'mimba a nyama zazikulu: akavalo, ng'ombe, ngamila, abulu, ndi nkhosa.
Kutengera kukula ndi chikhalidwe cha matendawa, msinkhu wa wodwala, pali njira zapadera zolandirira kumys, zomwe mwanjira zina ndizofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amchere. Nthawi ya chithandizo sayenera kukhala yochepera masiku 20-25.
Njira zakumwa zakumwa zimadalira ntchito zobisika zam'mimba:
- ndi katulutsidwe kabwino kwambiri komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito mkaka wa Mare 500-750 ml patsiku (200-250 ml musanadye kapena mphindi 20-30 musanadye);
- Pakachepetsa katulutsidwe - mkaka wa Mare wokhala ndi acidity 750-1000 ml patsiku (250-300 ml musanadye mphindi 40-60);
- m'matenda am'mimba am'matumbo am'mimba mothandizidwa ndi katulutsidwe wapamwamba komanso wabwinobwino - madokotala amalimbikitsa kumwa ndi SIP zazing'ono kumys 125-250 ml katatu patsiku;
- mu anam`peza matenda am`mimba thirakiti limodzi ndi utachepa katulutsidwe wa ntchito ofooka ndi avareji Koumiss kwa 125-250 ml katatu patsiku kwa mphindi 20-30 musanadye. Zingakuthandizeni ngati nanunso mumamwa pang'onopang'ono mu SIP zazing'ono;
- pamene mutatha nthawi yothandizira ndikubwezeretsa matenda komanso matenda oopsa mungagwiritse ntchito koumiss ofooka 50-100 ml katatu patsiku kwa maola 1-1,5 musanadye.
Kuvulaza kwa Koumiss ndi zotsutsana
Koumiss imatsutsana ndikukula kwa matenda am'mimba komanso anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi zakumwa ndi lactose.
