Chaka ndi chaka ku USA amakondwerera Tsiku la National Sandwich, ndi cholinga cholemekeza chimodzi mwa zakudya zotchuka kwambiri ku kontrakitala yaku America. Ndiyenera kunena kuti lero holideyi ndiyotchuka osati ku America kokha, komanso m'maiko ambiri akumadzulo, ndipo sizosadabwitsa.
Kupatula apo, iyi ndi sangweji - magawo awiri a buledi kapena masikono, omwe amayikapo kudzazidwa kulikonse (ikhoza kukhala nyama, nsomba, soseji, tchizi, kupanikizana, batala wa chiponde, zitsamba kapena zina zilizonse). Mwa njira, sangweji wamba amatha kutchedwa sangweji "yotseguka".
Masangweji ngati mbale (yopanda dzina) ali ndi mbiri yawo kuyambira kalekale. Zimadziwika kuti koyambirira kwa zaka za zana loyamba, Myuda Hillel wa ku Babulo (yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi mphunzitsi wa Khristu) adayambitsa mwambo wa Isitala wokutira maapulo osweka ndi mtedza wothira zonunkhira mu chidutswa cha matzo. Chakudya ichi chikuyimira kuvutika kwa anthu achiyuda. Ndipo mu Middle Ages, panali chikhalidwe chodyera mphodza pa zidutswa zazikulu za mkate wokalamba, zomwe zidanyowetsedwa mu juzi pakudya, zomwe zinali zokhutiritsa kwambiri ndikusunga nyama. Pali zitsanzo zina m'mabukuwa, koma mbale iyi idatchedwa "sangweji", monga nthano imanenera, m'zaka za zana la 1.
Adalandira dzina lodzilemekeza (1718-1792), 4th Earl wa Sandwich, kazembe wachingerezi komanso kazembe, First Lord of the Admiralty. Mwa njira, zilumba za South Sandwich zopezedwa ndi James Cook paulendo wake wachitatu padziko lonse lapansi amatchulidwa pambuyo pake.
Malinga ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri, "sangweji" "adapanga" ndi Montague kuti azidya msanga panthawi yamasewera makhadi. Inde, tsoka, zonse ndizofala. Owerengerayo anali okonda kutchova juga ndipo amatha kukhala pafupifupi tsiku lonse patebulo la juga. Ndipo mwachilengedwe, pamene anali ndi njala, adamubweretsera chakudya. Panali pamasewero ataliatali omwe mdani yemwe adagonja adadzinenera kuti ndiwotentha kotero kuti "adawaza" makhadi ndi zala zake zonyansa. Ndipo kuti izi zisadzachitikenso, chiwerengerocho chidalamula wantchito wake kuti apereke nyama yophika, yoikidwa pakati pa magawo awiri a mkate. Izi zidamupatsa mwayi wopitiliza masewerawa mosadodometsedwa chifukwa chodyera, komanso osasokoneza makhadi.
Aliyense yemwe panthawiyo anali mboni ya chisankho chotere adachikonda kwambiri, ndipo posakhalitsa sangweji yoyambirira "ngati sangweji", kapena "sangweji", idakhala yotchuka kwambiri ndi otchova juga wamba. Umu ndi momwe dzina "mbale yatsopano" lidabadwira, lomwe lidasintha dziko lophikira. Kupatula apo, amakhulupirira kuti ndi momwe chakudya chofulumira chidawonekera.
Mofulumira kwambiri, mbale yotchedwa "sangweji" idafalikira m'malo omwera mowa ku England ndikupitilira madera ake, ndipo mu 1840 buku lophika lidasindikizidwa ku America, lolembedwa ndi mayi wachingerezi a Elizabeth Leslie, momwe adafotokozera njira yoyamba yopangira ham ndi mpiru sangweji. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, sangwejiyo idali itagonjetsa America yonse kale ngati chakudya chosavuta komanso chotchipa, makamaka ataphika buledi atayamba kupereka buledi wogulitsidwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti masangweji akhale osavuta. Masiku ano, masangweji amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo aku America adakhazikitsanso tchuthi chapadera polemekeza izi, popeza anali okonda kwambiri chakudya ichi. Pafupifupi nkhomaliro yonse imatha popanda masangweji.
Ku America, kuli masangweji osiyanasiyana komanso malo odyera osiyanasiyana momwe mungadyere. Sangweji yotchuka kwambiri - yokhala ndi mafuta a chiponde ndi kupanikizana, komanso - BLT (nyama yankhumba, letesi ndi phwetekere), Montecristo (wokhala ndi Turkey ndi tchizi waku Switzerland, wokazinga kwambiri, wothandizidwa ndi shuga wothira), Dagwood (mapangidwe okwera kwambiri a zidutswa zingapo mkate, nyama, tchizi ndi saladi), Mufuletta (nyama yosuta pa bulu loyera wokhala ndi azitona zodulidwa bwino), Ruben (wokhala ndi sauerkraut, tchizi waku Switzerland ndi pastrami) ndi ena ambiri.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu aku America amadya masangweji pafupifupi 200 pa munthu aliyense pachaka. Opanga masangweji akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi malo odyera a McDonald's, Subway, Burger King. 75% ya malo odyera, malo ogulitsa zakudya zofulumira, masitolo akuluakulu ndi malo ogulitsira mumsewu amati masangweji ndi omwe amagulidwa kwambiri panthawi yankhomaliro. Chakudyachi chimakhala chachiwiri pazipatso (pambuyo pa zipatso) zomwe zimadyedwa masana. M'dziko lino, pafupifupi aliyense amamukonda, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Mwa njira, ma hamburger ndipo ndimomwe amachokera mu sangweji yomweyo. Koma malinga ndi American Restaurant Association, sangweji yotchuka kwambiri ku America ndi hamburger - ili pamndandanda wa pafupifupi malo onse odyera mdzikolo, ndipo aku 15% aku America amadya hamburger nkhomaliro.
Nthawi zambiri, padziko lapansi pali masangweji okoma ndi amchere, zokometsera komanso otsika kwambiri. Ku America kokha, mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi maphikidwe apadera a sangweji. Chifukwa chake, ku Alabama, nyama yankhuku yokhala ndi msuzi woyera wapadera imayikidwa pakati pa zidutswa za mkate, ku Alaska - saumoni, ku California - avocado, tomato, nkhuku ndi letesi, ku Hawaii - nkhuku ndi mananazi, ku Boston - ziphuphu zokazinga, mu Milwaukee - soseji ndi sauerkraut, ku New York - nyama yosuta nyama yamphongo kapena ya chimanga, ku Chicago - Ng'ombe yaku Italiya, ku Philadelphia - nyama yophika nyama ili ndi cheddar yosungunuka, ndipo ku Miami amadzikongoletsa pa masangweji aku Cuba ndi nyama yankhumba yokazinga, magawo a nyama, Swiss tchizi ndi pickles.
Ku Illinois, amapanga sangweji yapadera yotseguka yopangidwa ndi mkate wofufumitsa, nyama yamtundu uliwonse, msuzi wapadera wa tchizi ndi batala. Massachusetts ili ndi sangweji yotchuka yotchuka: batala wa mtedza ndi ma marshmallows omwe asungunuka amatsekedwa pakati pa magawo awiri a mkate woyera wofufumitsa, pomwe ku Mississippi, mpiru, anyezi, makutu awiri okazinga a nkhumba amaikidwa pamwamba pa bulu lozungulira, ndipo msuzi wotentha amathiridwa pa pamwamba. Dera la Montana limadziwika ndi sangweji ya kanyumba kabuluu, ndipo West Virginia amakonda masangweji ndi mafuta a chiponde ndi maapulo akumaloko.
Komabe, mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwa masitolo akuluakulu a ku London posachedwapa inapatsa makasitomala ake sangweji yodula kwambiri kuposa kale lonse ya £ 85. Kudzaza kwake kunali ndi magawo anthete a Wagyu marbled ng'ombe, zidutswa za foie gras, elite cheese de meaux, truffle oil mayonesi, ndi phwetekere wachitumbuwa. tsabola, arugula ndi belu tsabola. Zomangamanga zonsezi zosanjikiza zidabwera mu phukusi lodziwika bwino.
Popeza akhala gawo lazikhalidwe zophikira ku United States ndi Great Britain, masiku ano masangweji ndiwotchuka m'maiko ena padziko lapansi. Masangweji otsekedwawa adafika ku Russia ndi mayiko ena omwe adatchedwa Soviet kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, pomwe chakudya chofulumira chimayamba, chomwe chimapanga masangweji ambiri.
Tchuthi chomwecho - Tsiku la Sandwich - chimakondwerera ku United States makamaka ndi malo omwera ndi malo odyera, komwe mipikisano yosiyanasiyana imachitikira, onse mwa ophika masangweji okoma kwambiri kapena oyambilira, komanso pakati pa alendo - mwachizolowezi patsiku lino, mipikisano yazakudya zothamanga masangweji amachitika.
Muthanso kujowina chikondwerero chokoma ichi popanga sangweji yazakudya zanu zoyambirira zanu, banja lanu ndi abwenzi. Zowonadi zake, chidutswa wamba cha nyama (tchizi, ndiwo zamasamba kapena zipatso), choyikidwa pakati pa magawo awiri a mkate, chitha kukhala ndi dzina loti "sangweji".