Okra

Okra, kapena m'Chilatini - hibiscus yodyedwa (Hibiscus esculentus), mayina ena a therere, gombo kapena zala za amayi ndi zitsamba zapachaka zochokera ku banja la malvaceous. Ndi chomera chomwe chimamera nthawi yayitali. Kutalika kumasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu kuchokera ku 20 cm (mitundu yaying'ono) mpaka 2 m (wamtali).

Chomeracho chili ndi tsinde lalitali lalitali pansi, lomwe lili ndi tsitsi lolimba. Masamba ndi akulu, aatali-petiolate, owala kapena obiriwira obiriwira, m'malo akulu, okhala ndi ma lobes asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri, ngati tsinde, pubescent. Maluwa, omwe amafanana ndi momwe munda wa mallow wamba, ndi wosakwatiwa, wawukulu, wamitundu iwiri, wonyezimira wachikasu, womwe uli pamasamba axils pa ma pedicel afupiafupi. Zipatso za Okra ndi ziboliboli zooneka ngati zala, kuyambira 6 mpaka 30 cm. Ang'ono okha (masiku 3-6) ovary obiriwira amadyedwa, zipatso zobiriwira zobiriwira zimakhala zopanda kukoma. Zipatso za therere zimadyedwa zonse zatsopano (zimayikidwa mu saladi), ndikuphika, zokazinga, zokazinga. Kuonjezera apo, amawuma, kuzizira, ndi kuikidwa m'zitini.

Okra

Zipatso za therere zosapsa pamodzi ndi njere zimayikidwa ngati zokometsera mu supu ndi ma sauces, zomwe kuchokera ku izi zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa kwa velvety komanso kusasinthasintha. Mbeu zosapsa - zozungulira, zobiriwira zakuda kapena azitona, zimatha kulowa m'malo mwa nandolo zobiriwira, ndipo mbewu zokhwima ndi zokazinga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga khofi ya gombo.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya therere ndipo amasiyana kwambiri ndi chizolowezi, nthawi yakucha, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zipatso. Mwachitsanzo, mu State Register mungapeze mitundu yotsatirayi: White Cylindrical, White Velvet, Green Velvet, Dwarf Greens, Ladies Fingers (mwa njira, kumasulira kwa dzina lachingerezi la chomera kumamveka choncho), Juno. Koma kwa zaka mazana ambiri, therere analinso chomera chamankhwala.

Mbiri ya chikhalidwe

Africa yotentha imatengedwa kuti ndi kwawo kwa therere; m'malo amtchire, imasungidwabe ku Nubia m'chigawo cha Blue Nile. Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ndi paleobotanists apeza zotsalira za chomerachi m'dera la malo a anthu panthawi ya Neolithic. Ku Sudan, mbewu iyi yakhala ikulimidwa kwa zaka pafupifupi 25. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, m'dziko lakwawo, okra wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya osati zipatso zazing'ono zomwe timazolowera, komanso masamba. Ulusi wamphamvu unkapezedwa kuchokera ku tsinde popangira zingwe ndi matumba. Mbewu zakucha ku Arab East zidagwiritsidwa ntchito, zokazinga kale m'malo mwa khofi. Nthawi zina ufa wambewu unkawonjezeredwa dala ku khofi kuti ufewetse kukoma ndi kupereka fungo la musky. Nthawi zambiri, dzina lachilatini la chomeracho, Abelmoschus, limachokera ku liwu lachiarabu lakuti habb-al-misk, lotanthauza “mwana wa musk.” Musk anali wolemekezeka kwambiri Kummawa ndipo chirichonse chomwe chinawakumbutsa chinali kulemekezedwa kwambiri. Nthawi zina mbewu zokazinga zomwezi zidawonjezeredwa popanga sorbet (sherbet). Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zokhwima zimakhala ndi mafuta okwana XNUMX%, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya kapena kudzaza nyali zamafuta.

Pa nthawi ya kugonjetsa Aarabu, therere amabwera ku Spain, komwe amaphatikizidwa mu zakudya za ku Spain, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko amayamba kudutsa ku Ulaya, makamaka kum'mwera. Ndi wotchuka kwambiri m'mayiko angapo a Southern Europe (Bulgaria, Greece), America, Africa ndi Asia. Okra adalimidwa ku India kumayambiriro kwa Neolithic. Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza malo amalonda pakati pa chikhalidwe cha Aryan chisanayambe ndi anthu a ku East Africa. M'zakudya za ku India, therere amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chutneys ndipo, chifukwa cha kusasinthasintha kwake, amathira supu. Mwa njira, mpaka lero, India ali ndi mbiri yopanga okra - matani 5,784,000, omwe ali oposa maiko ena onse pamodzi.

Okra adabwera ku kontinenti ya America kalekale. Amakhulupirira kuti adachokera ku akapolo oyamba akuda ochokera ku Africa, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito therere ngati chomera chamatsenga chachipembedzo cha Voodoo. Ndipo kumeneko mbewuyo inalandiridwa mokondwera ndi anthu akumeneko. Mwachitsanzo, maonekedwe ake mu zakudya za ku Brazil anayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17, ndipo kufalikira kwake ku North America - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 13. Ku United States yamakono, ndi yotchuka makamaka kumadera akumwera, ndipo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zakudya za Creole ndi African American. Ku Russia, mbewu iyi imabzalidwa m'minda yaying'ono ku Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Territories.

Kukula, kubereka, chisamaliro

Okra

Okra ndi chomera cha thermophilic, koma m'dera lathu amathanso kukulitsidwa bwino kudzera mu mbande, ndipo chitsanzo cha dimba lochita bwino lotereli chinali kukolola therere m'munda wa Melekhovo pansi pa AP Chekhov. Mbeu za therere zimamera pang'onopang'ono - masabata 2-3. Asanafese, amawaviika m’madzi ofunda kwa tsiku limodzi. Ndi bwino kufesa mu miphika ya peat kapena makaseti, chifukwa chikhalidwechi sichilola kubzala bwino. Okra ali ndi mphukira yanthambi yofooka ndipo mbewu zikabzalidwa popanda chibululu cha dothi, makamaka zimadwala kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo poyipa zimangofa. Kutentha kwabwino kwa mbande zokulirapo ndi + 22 + 24 ° C. Zomera zimabzalidwa pamalo otseguka m'nthaka yofunda bwino pambuyo pa kuopsa kwa chisanu chakumapeto; m'chigawo cha Moscow ndi chiyambi cha June kapena kale pang'ono, koma ndi mwayi wokhalamo. therere amakonda malo adzuwa komanso nthaka yachonde yopepuka. Musanabzale, muyenera kuwonjezera superphosphate - monga chomera chilichonse chomwe zipatso zimakololedwa, therere limafunikira kuchuluka kwazinthu izi. Chiwembu chofikira 60 × 30 cm.

Kusamalira - kumasula nthaka, kupalira ndi kuthirira. Chikhalidwecho chimagonjetsedwa ndi chilala, koma nyengo youma komanso nthawi ya fruiting imafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse komanso mochuluka. Chimamasula pafupifupi miyezi iwiri chimera. Pakatha masiku 2-4 maluwawo afota, chipatso chimapangidwa, chomwe chiyenera kusonkhanitsidwa. Zipatso zakale zimakhala zokhuthala komanso zosakoma. Kuyeretsa masiku 5-3 kumapitilira mpaka chisanu, ndiye kuti, mpaka kufa kwa mbewu. Monga tanena kale, mbewu za therere zimakutidwa ndi pubescence wandiweyani, ndipo anthu ena kukhudzana ndi tsitsi kumayambitsa ziwengo komanso kuyabwa.

Tizilombo ta therere ndi matenda

Monga zomera zambiri zamasamba, therere likhoza kukhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo towononga. Powdery mildew amatha kuvulaza kwambiri. Zikuwoneka ngati pachimake choyera chochuluka kumbali zonse za tsamba ndi mbali zina za zomera. The causative wothandizira wa matenda hibernates pa zomera zinyalala. Pofuna kupewa kufalikira, zotsalira za zomera zimachotsedwa mwamsanga ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa mwadongosolo pafupi ndi wowonjezera kutentha, omwe ndi oyamba kukhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew ndipo amanyamula matendawa: plantain, comfrey, kulima nthula.

Okra

Brown banga amakhudza zomera pa mkulu chinyezi mu greenhouses ndi hotbeds. Pamwamba pa masamba a zomera, mawanga achikasu amawoneka, pansi - pachimake pa kuwala koyamba, kenako bulauni. Ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu, masamba amasanduka bulauni ndikuuma. The causative wothandizira wa matenda hibernates pa zomera zinyalala.

Thrips ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi parasitizes makamaka mu greenhouses. Chifukwa cha chonde, ma thrips amatha kuwononga mbewu zambiri munthawi yochepa. Mawanga oyera-chikasu amawonekera pamasamba kuchokera ku zowotcha, masamba, ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu, amatembenukira bulauni ndikuuma.

Pamene thrips ikuwonekera, ma infusions ndi decoctions wa tsabola wowawa (50 g / l), chowawa (100 g / l) amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga njira yachilendo - peels ya lalanje, tangerine, mandimu (100 g / l) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti mumamatire bwino, 20-40 g ya sopo wochapira pa malita 10 amawonjezedwa ku yankho musanayambe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Kabichi, mbozi zomwe zimawoneka pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Meyi, ndizowopsa kwambiri. Zimadya pafupifupi masamba onse, ndikusiya mitsempha yokha. Ndi chiwerengero chochepa, mbozi zimakololedwa pamanja, ndipo ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri - kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala achilengedwe: bitoxibacillin kapena lepidocide (40-50 g pa 10 malita a madzi).

M'zaka zamvula, ma slugs amatha kuukira therere, omwe amamenyana nawo mwachikhalidwe ndi njira zonse: amachotsa udzu, amamasula nthaka mosamala, amakonza misampha yomwe slugs amabisala, kuwaza mipata ndi phulusa, laimu kapena superphosphate, ndikuyika mowa. m'ma tray omwe amagwera pamodzi.

Ndipo funso limadza - ndi chiyani zamatsenga zonsezi? Kodi pali masamba ena ochepa, ocheperako?

Zothandiza ndi mankhwala therere

Zipatso za Okra zili ndi mchere wambiri wamchere, ma organic acid, mavitamini C, E (0.8 mg /%), K (122 μg), gulu B (B1 - 0.3 mg /%, B2 - 0.3 mg /%, B3 (niacin) - 2.0 mg /%, B6 0.1 mg /%). Mbeu zake zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri ngati soya.

Okra

Chipatso cha Okra chimakhala ndi chakudya, makamaka fiber ndi pectin. Ngati woyamba ndi wofunika kwambiri pa chimbudzi ndi ntchito yachibadwa ya matumbo, ndiye kuti ntchito ya pectins ndi yochuluka kwambiri komanso yosangalatsa. Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi pectin yambiri zimatha kuchotsa poizoni wamtundu uliwonse komanso ma radionucleides m'thupi. Ma pectins ali ndi zinthu zabwino zotsekemera ndipo "amasonkhanitsa", monga chotsuka chotsuka, chodutsa m'mimba, zonse zosafunikira. Ndipo zonsezi zimachotsedwa bwino m'thupi. Zadziwika kuti kudya zakudya za therere nthawi zonse kumathandizira kuyendetsa matumbo ndikuchotsa mavuto monga kutupa, kudzimbidwa, komanso kupewa kuledzera komwe kumakhudzana ndi thupi. M'maphunziro amakono, zimadziwika kuti kudya therere pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuti cholesterol ikhale yokhazikika, yomwe, imathandizira kupewa matenda amtima. Komanso, panopa amaganiza kuti kuchotsa kwake poizoni m'thupi ndi kupewa matenda ambiri aakulu, ndipo nthawi zina oncology, makamaka m'matumbo. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti therere atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitha kuchiza matenda a shuga, chibayo, nyamakazi, mphumu, ndi matenda ena ambiri. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kuyeretsa kumeneku, ndizothandiza kuziphatikiza muzakudya za kutopa kosatha, pambuyo kapena panthawi ya kumwa mankhwala ambiri, komanso kusintha kamvekedwe ka thupi lonse.

Chifukwa cha zomwe zili mu pectins ndi ntchofu, therere ndi wabwino odana ndi yotupa ndi ❖ kuyanika wothandizira. Okra yophika angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chakudya cha gastritis, colitis. Komanso, chifukwa cha kuphimba kwake komanso kununkhira kwake, decoction kapena zipatso zophika za okra zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chimfine. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani decoction wa zipatso, kuwawira ku kugwirizana kwa odzola. Msuzi uwu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugwedeza ndi zilonda zapakhosi kapena kutengedwa mkati (zotsekemera pang'ono monga momwe amafunira) pa chifuwa, tracheitis, pharyngitis.

Kuphatikiza apo, therere lili ndi ma organic acid, vitamini C, mchere, mavitamini B ndi kupatsidwa folic acid, zomwe ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito zambiri zathupi.

Koma pali zopatsa mphamvu zochepa kwambiri mu masamba awa. Pokhala chakudya chopatsa thanzi, okra ndi gawo labwino kwambiri lazakudya zochepa zama calorie ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga.

Zamasambazi zimakhulupirira kuti ndizopindulitsa kwa iwo omwe akudwala matenda osiyanasiyana a maso komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi ng'ala.

Okra wokazinga ndi tomato

Okra

Zosakaniza za Chinsinsi:

  • 4 tbsp. therere (okra),
  • akanadulidwa mu theka 450 gr. tomato wa zipatso zazing'ono (monga Cherry, San Marzano),
  • kudula pakati 4 cloves wa adyo, kuphwanya 3 tbsp. l.
  • mafuta
  • 1 anyezi wamng'ono,
  • kusema wedges Mchere ndi mwatsopano pansi tsabola
  • A pang'ono apulo cider viniga kuwaza

Kukonzekera Chinsinsi: Mwachangu adyo mu mafuta a maolivi mu skillet pansi pa chivindikiro pa sing'anga kutentha mpaka golide bulauni. Onjezani therere ndi anyezi, onjezerani mchere ndi tsabola ndi mwachangu mpaka mofewa, 10 - 12 mphindi. Onjezani tomato, kuphika kwa mphindi zitatu. Kenako onjezerani apulo cider viniga.

1 Comment

  1. በጣም የምመስጥና ደስ የምል ትምህርት ነዉ ከዝህ በፍት ዝም ብዬ ነበር የምመገበዉ

Siyani Mumakonda