Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi njira yokhazikika yosamalira tizilombo potengera chiphunzitso chakuti kugwidwa ndi mtundu wa tizilombo kumasonyeza chisokonezo kwinakwake m'chilengedwe. Kukonza gwero la vuto m'malo mochiza zizindikiro kungathe kulinganiza kuchuluka kwa tizilombo komanso kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la mbewu yonse.
Kusintha kwa njira zaulimi zachilengedwe kunayamba ngati gulu lalikulu. Mu 2000, anthu pafupifupi 900 a m’mudzi wa Punukula, Andhra Pradesh, anali kuvutika ndi mavuto ambiri. Alimi adanena za zovuta zaumoyo zomwe zidayambira pakupha chiphe mpaka kufa. Tizilombo timene tinkawononga mbewu nthawi zonse. Tizilombozi tinayamba kukana mankhwalawo, zomwe zinachititsa alimi kutenga ngongole kuti agule mankhwala ophera tizilombo okwera mtengo. Anthu adakumana ndi ndalama zazikulu zothandizira zaumoyo, kulephera kwa mbewu, kutaya ndalama komanso ngongole.
Mothandizidwa ndi mabungwe akumaloko, alimi ayesa njira zina zopanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe (monga neem ndi tsabola) pothana ndi tizilombo ndi kubzala nyambo (monga marigold ndi kastor beans). Poganizira kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo amapha tizilombo tonse, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumalinganiza kulinganiza chilengedwe kuti tizilombo tizikhalapo mowirikiza bwino (ndipo tisamafikeko). Tizilombo tambiri, monga abuluzi, tombolombo, ndi akangaude, timathandiza kwambiri m’chilengedwe ndipo timathandiza zomera.
M’chaka chogwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe zaulimi, anthu a m’mudziwu anaona zotsatira zabwino zingapo. Mavuto azaumoyo atha. Mafamu ogwiritsira ntchito njira zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala anali ndi phindu lalikulu komanso zotsika mtengo. Kupeza, kupera ndi kusakaniza mankhwala othamangitsa zachilengedwe monga nthangala ndi tsabola kwadzetsanso ntchito m’mudzimo. Pamene alimi ankalima minda yambiri, umisiri wopopera mankhwala m’zikwama unawathandiza kulima bwino mbewu zawo. Anthu okhalamo adanenanso kusintha kwa moyo wawo wonse, kuchokera ku thanzi kupita ku chisangalalo ndi zachuma.
Pamene uthenga unkafalikira wokhudza ubwino wa mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, alimi ambiri asankha kupewa mankhwalawo. Mu 2004 Punukula unakhala umodzi mwa midzi yoyamba ku India kunena kuti ilibe mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Posakhalitsa, matauni ndi midzi ina ku Andhra Pradesh inayamba kuchita ulimi wa organic.
Rajashehar Reddy wa ku Krishna County anakhala mlimi wa organic atawona mavuto azaumoyo a anthu a m'mudzimo, omwe amakhulupirira kuti anali okhudzana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Adaphunzira njira zaulimi kuchokera ku makanema apawayilesi ammawa ndi makanema a YouTube. Panopa m’mudzi mwake muli mbewu ziwiri zokha (tchili ndi thonje), koma cholinga chake ndikuyamba kulima ndiwo zamasamba.
Mlimi Wutla Veerabharao amakumbukira nthaŵi isanayambe mankhwala ophera tizilombo, pamene pafupifupi alimi onse ankagwiritsa ntchito njira zaulimi zachilengedwe. Amanenanso kuti kusinthaku kunachitika m'ma 1950, panthawi ya Green Revolution. Ataona mmene mankhwalawo anasinthira mtundu wa nthaka, anayamba kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo.
Veerabharao ankadanso nkhawa ndi zakudya za banja lake komanso mmene mankhwalawo amakhudzira thanzi lawo. Wopopera mankhwala (nthawi zambiri mlimi kapena waulimi) amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi mankhwala omwe amawononga khungu ndi mapapo. Mankhwalawa samangopangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yopanda chonde komanso imavulaza tizilombo ndi mbalame, komanso imakhudza anthu ndipo imatha kuyambitsa matenda monga shuga ndi khansa, Veerabharao adatero.
Ngakhale izi zinali choncho, si anthu onse a m’mudzimo amene anayamba ulimi wamba.
“Chifukwa ulimi wa organic umatenga nthawi komanso ntchito zambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti anthu akumidzi ayambe kumvetsera,” adatero.
Mu 2012, boma lidayendetsa pulogalamu yophunzitsira zaulimi wachilengedwe wopanda bajeti. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazi, Veerabharao wayendetsa famu ya XNUMX% yomwe imalima nzimbe, turmeric ndi tsabola.
“Ulimi wamba uli ndi msika wakewake. Ndimayika mtengo wazinthu zanga, mosiyana ndi ulimi wamankhwala komwe mtengo umayikidwa ndi wogula, "adatero Veerabharao.
Zinatenga zaka zitatu kuti mlimi Narasimha Rao ayambe kupanga phindu lowoneka kuchokera kumunda wake wachilengedwe, koma tsopano akhoza kukonza mitengo ndikugulitsa malonda mwachindunji kwa makasitomala m'malo modalira misika. Kukhulupirira kwake zamoyo kunamuthandiza kudutsa nthawi yovutayi. Narasimha Organic Farm pano ili ndi maekala 90. Amalima maungu, coriander, nyemba, turmeric, biringanya, mapapaya, nkhaka, tsabola ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, zomwe amalimanso calendula ndi nyemba za castor ngati nyambo.
“Thanzi ndilo vuto lalikulu la moyo wa munthu. Moyo wopanda thanzi ndi womvetsa chisoni,” adatero, pofotokoza zomwe zimamulimbikitsa.
Kuyambira 2004 mpaka 2010, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kunachepetsedwa ndi 50% m'boma lonse. M’zaka zimenezo, nthaka inali ndi chonde, kuchuluka kwa tizilombo kunabwerera m’mbuyo, alimi anayamba kukhala odzidalira pazachuma, ndipo malipiro anawonjezereka.
Masiku ano, zigawo zonse 13 za Andhra Pradesh zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zopanda mankhwala. Andhra Pradesh akukonzekera kukhala dziko loyamba la India lokhala ndi 100% "zaulimi wocheperako" pofika 2027.
M'madera padziko lonse lapansi, anthu akulumikizananso ndi chilengedwe chawo pamene akufunafuna njira zowonjezereka zokhalira moyo!