Zamkatimu
Payara, payara, sachorra - nsomba za m'madzi a m'mitsinje ya South America. Asayansi amatcha nsomba iyi - mackerel hydrolic. Dongosolo la nsombazi likuphatikizapo mabanja 18 omwe amagawidwa m'mitsinje ya Central, South America ndi Equatorial Africa. Mbali ya nsomba za dongosolo, kuphatikizapo malipiro, ndi kukhalapo kwa otchedwa. "adipose fin", yofanana ndi nsomba za nsomba kapena nsomba. Koma chosiyanitsa chachikulu cha nsomba iyi ndi mano ake akuluakulu, ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mutu omwe amagwirizana ndi izi. Agalu am'munsi amakhala odziwika kwambiri, mwa anthu akuluakulu omwe amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 15 cm. Pakamwa pakamwa, manowa amabisika m'machimo apadera pansagwada yapamwamba. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo owopsa, nsombazi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "nsomba za vampire" kapena "nsomba za mdierekezi". Nsagwada zonse za nsombazo zili ndi mano akuluakulu ooneka ngati agalu. Payara imeneyi ndi yofanana ndi nsomba za tiger. Mutu ndi waukulu, mkamwa ndi waukulu, ndi mphamvu yogwira nyama zazikulu. Nsagwada zimakhala ndi dongosolo lovuta, ndipo zimakhala ndi zigawo zinayi zazikulu. Ofufuza ena amanena kuti payara amatha kusaka nyama theka la kukula kwake. Thupi ndi lalitali, lopangidwa ndi spindle, lopendekeka, lophimbidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono a silvery, kumtunda kwa thupi kumakhala koderapo. Zipsepse zamphamvu za caudal ndi zapansi, zam'mimba zimasunthira kwa izo, zimapangitsa nsomba kukhala yosambira yokhazikika m'madera othamanga a mitsinje. Kukula kwa Payara kumatha kufika masentimita 120 ndikulemera mpaka 18 kg. Imasiyana ndi chiwawa komanso kukana kukanika poyika zida. Imakonda kusunga magawo othamanga a mtsinje, mapiko, maenje asanafike pakhomo ndi zopinga. Payara ndi nyama yolusa. Zosaka ndi nsomba iliyonse yomwe imakhala m'malo osungiramo madzi, yaying'ono kuposa nyama yolusayo. Anthu ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amapanga magulu. Nsombazi zimakhala zogwira ntchito kwambiri pakati pa January ndi April.
Njira zophera nsomba
Payara ndi wosusuka kwambiri, koma wochenjera. Malo ena okha ndi omwe angasungidwe pamtsinje, omwe ndi ovuta kuwapeza kapena amafunikira ma cast otalikirapo. Ndi chinthu chodziwika kwambiri cha nsomba zamasewera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imakhudzidwa ndi nyambo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zachirengedwe. Njira yayikulu yosodza ndikupota pogwiritsa ntchito nyambo zazikulu. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, limodzi ndi nsomba zina za ku South America, kusodza ntchentche kwafala kwambiri. Onse, popanda kuchotserapo, asodzi - omwe amalipira malipiro, zindikirani kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka kuluma kogulitsidwa. Izi ndichifukwa, choyamba, ndi kapangidwe ka mutu ndi kulimba kwa zida za nsagwada za nsomba.
Kugwira nsomba pandodo yopota
Kupota nsomba kumakhalabe njira yotchuka kwambiri yopha nsomba pamitsinje ya Central ndi South America. Mukawedza pamalipiro, nthawi zambiri, ndodo zamphamvu zopota zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira nyambo zazikulu. Ndodo ziyenera kukhala zapakatikati mpaka kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, zotha kukakamiza kulimbana ndi mafunde amphamvu kapena m'malo ophatikizika asodzi m'mphepete mwa madera otentha. Ma reel amphamvu ayenera kukhala ndi mikangano yopanda vuto ndi spool yayikulu ya zingwe zokhuthala. Izi ndichifukwa, choyamba, ku zovuta za usodzi. Mitsinje yambiri yomwe imakhala ndi payara imakhala ndi miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena pansi yokhala ndi zinthu zolimba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera kumapiri posewera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, wolipira ndi zilombo zina zambiri zam'deralo sizilephereka kugwiritsa ntchito "zida zovuta". Anthu am'deralo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zidutswa za waya m'malo mwa leashes. Kukhalapo kwa leashes zitsulo ndi koyenera, ngati kokha chifukwa chakuti kusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zolusa za m'deralo sizilola kuti munthu ayang'ane mtundu umodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali lingaliro lina lakuti zinthu zowonjezera sizipulumutsa zambiri kumapiri, koma zimasokoneza ntchito ya usodzi. Mulimonsemo, pogwira nsomba zazikulu za ku South America, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamphamvu zolimba kumafunika. Zomwe zimafunikira pakumenya ndizofanana, monga kugwira nsomba zazikulu zosamukasamuka.
Kupha nsomba
M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwausodzi wa ntchentche m'malo a Soviet Union, asodzi ambiri apakhomo alowa m'gulu la okonda nsomba zachilendo okhala ndi nyambo zopanga mwanjira iyi. Mlalang'amba wonse wa asodzi odziwa ntchito za usodzi wotere wawonekera. Asodzi onse odziwika bwino a ntchentche amaona kuti ndi bwino kupita ku mitsinje yotentha kuti akagwire nyama zolusa. Woperekayo sanapulumuke tsokali, kusodza komwe kumaonedwa kuti, mwanjira ina, "kuwunikira" muusodzi wowuluka. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nsomba zimasaka mwachangu m'madzi onse, zomwe, pamlingo wina, zimathandizira kusankha nyambo. Posodza, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyika malo omwe nsombayi imakhala. Kwa usodzi, ndodo zosiyanasiyana za dzanja limodzi la "gulu la m'madzi" kapena masinthidwe ofananirako amagwiritsidwa ntchito, okhala ndi reel yamphamvu komanso kuthandizira kwakukulu. Mu mawonekedwe a nyambo, amagwiritsa ntchito mitsinje ikuluikulu ndi poppers, poponyera zomwe, ndi bwino kuchita zingwe zazifupi ndi mitu. Asodzi odziwa bwino nthawi zambiri amatchula kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira ndizosankha, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, makulidwe a leashes ayenera kufanana ndi mtengo wa 0,6 mm. Kuchokera pakuwona kuti nsomba za m'deralo sizikhala zamanyazi, ndipo kuchepetsa pamtunda wapamwamba wa makulidwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi luso lomanga, pamtsinje, "pa bondo", mfundo zodalirika zopangira nsomba kuchokera pamzere wandiweyani wa nsomba.
Nyambo
Pa usodzi, olipira amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira zachilendo mpaka zachikhalidwe, kwa asodzi apakhomo. Zofunikira zazikulu zitha kuonedwa ngati kukula kwakukulu ndi mphamvu. Itha kukhala ma spinners, wobblers, nyambo za silicone. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwiritsira ntchito nsomba zamoyo kapena zidutswa zake. Anthu ena a m’derali amagwira payara popanda mbedza pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yofiira. Nsombayo imagwira nyamboyo, koma chifukwa cha mano aatali, imalephera kudzimasula yokha.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Mitundu yamtunduwu ndi yaying'ono ndipo imangokhala m'mitsinje ya madera otentha a South America. Malo otchuka kwambiri ophera nsomba ndi mitsinje ya Orinoco ndi mabeseni a Amazon. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ochita kafukufuku anafotokoza nsomba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19. Izi zinatheka chifukwa cha kusafika kwa dera lomwe payara amakhala. Nsomba zimakonda madzi othamanga kwambiri m'mitsinje yamadzi, kuphatikizapo timitsinje tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timakhala kumtunda kwa mabeseni a mitsinje ya South America. Ena mwa iwo ndi ofunika kutchula: Paraguya, Churun, ndi ena. Imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana pamtsinje, kuphatikizapo kukoka kwautali. Kumbali ina, tinganene kuti zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimayima pamtunda wina kuchokera kumphepete mwa nyanja mozama mpaka 10 m. Nsomba zazing'ono zimasonkhana m'magulu ndi malo awo, mumtsinje, mozama mpaka 5 m. Anthu ambiri a payara amakhala ku Nyanja ya Guri. Payara sakhala pansi, amasamukira kumadera osiyanasiyana a mtsinje, kuphatikizapo kuthamangitsidwa kwa mazira, omwe amafanana ndi kusamuka kwa salimoni osamukasamuka. Nthawi zambiri amalembedwa mu Januwale, February.