Chenjerani ndi mankhwala: Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zonyansa komanso zoyera

Chaka chilichonse, bungwe la American nonprofit Environmental Working Group (EWG) limasindikiza mndandanda wa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zodzala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Gululi limagwira ntchito yofufuza ndi kufalitsa zidziwitso za mankhwala oopsa, thandizo lazaulimi, malo aboma komanso malipoti amakampani. Ntchito ya EWG ndikudziwitsa anthu kuti ateteze thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe.

Zaka 25 zapitazo, National Academy of Sciences inafalitsa lipoti losonyeza kudera nkhaŵa za kukhudzidwa kwa ana ku mankhwala ophera tizilombo oopsa kudzera m’zakudya zawo, koma anthu padziko lonse amamwabe mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochuluka tsiku lililonse. Ngakhale masamba ndi zipatso ndizofunikira pazakudya zopatsa thanzi, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo muzakudyazi amatha kuyika thanzi la munthu pachiwopsezo.

13 Zakudya Zonyansa Kwambiri

Mndandandawu uli ndi zinthu zotsatirazi, zolembedwa motsikirapo za kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo: sitiroberi, sipinachi, nectarines, maapulo, mphesa, mapichesi, bowa wa oyisitara, mapeyala, tomato, udzu winawake, mbatata ndi tsabola wofiira wofiira.

Chilichonse mwazakudyachi chidapezeka kuti chili ndi tinthu tating'ono ting'ono ta mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo chinali ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ambiri kuposa zakudya zina.

Kuposa 98% ya sitiroberi, sipinachi, mapichesi, timadzi tokoma, yamatcheri ndi maapulo adapezeka kuti ali ndi zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Chitsanzo chimodzi cha sitiroberi chinasonyeza kukhalapo 20 mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Zitsanzo za sipinachi zinali pafupifupi nthawi 1,8 kuchuluka kwa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo poyerekeza ndi mbewu zina.

Pachikhalidwe, mndandanda wa Dirty Dozen uli ndi zinthu 12, koma chaka chino adaganiza zokulitsa mpaka 13 ndikuphatikiza tsabola wofiira. Zinapezeka kuti zaipitsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (mankhwala okonzekera kupha tizilombo towononga) zomwe zimakhala zoopsa ku dongosolo lamanjenje laumunthu. Kuyesa kwa USDA kwa zitsanzo 739 za tsabola wotentha mu 2010 ndi 2011 kunapeza zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizirombo atatu oopsa kwambiri, acephate, chlorpyrifos, ndi oxamil. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa zinthu kunali kokwanira kupangitsa nkhawa yamanjenje. Mu 2015, zidapezeka kuti zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo zitha kupezekabe mu mbewu.

EWG imalimbikitsa kuti anthu omwe amakonda kudya tsabola wotentha ayenera kusankha organic. Ngati sangapezeke kapena ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, amawiritsidwa bwino kapena kutenthedwa ndi kutentha monga momwe mankhwala ophera tizilombo amachepetsedwa pophika.

15 zakudya zoyera

Mndandandawu uli ndi mankhwala omwe apezeka kuti ali ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochepa. Zimaphatikizapo mapeyala, chimanga chokoma, chinanazi, kabichi, anyezi, nandolo wobiriwira wozizira, papaya, katsitsumzukwa, mango, biringanya, vwende, kiwi, vwende cha cantaloupe, kolifulawa ndi broccoli.. Zotsalira zotsika kwambiri za mankhwala ophera tizilombo zinapezeka muzinthu izi.

Zoyera kwambiri zinali mapeyala ndi chimanga chotsekemera. Ochepera 1% a zitsanzo adawonetsa kukhalapo kwa mankhwala aliwonse ophera tizilombo.

Zoposa 80% za chinanazi, mapapaya, katsitsumzukwa, anyezi ndi kabichi zinalibe mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Palibe mwa zitsanzo zomwe zatchulidwazi zomwe zinali ndi zotsalira 4 zophera tizilombo.

5% yokha ya zitsanzo zomwe zili pamndandandawu zinali ndi mankhwala awiri kapena kuposerapo.

Kodi kuopsa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi chiyani?

Pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo oopsa kwambiri adachotsedwa ntchito zambiri zaulimi ndikuletsedwa m'nyumba. Zina, monga mankhwala a organophosphate, amapakabe mbewu zina.

Maphunziro angapo a nthawi yayitali a ana a ku America, omwe adayamba m'ma 1990, adawonetsa kuti kukhudzana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a organophosphate mwa ana kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kosatha ku ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Pakati pa 2014 ndi 2017, asayansi ku Environmental Protection Agency adawunikiranso zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo a organophosphate amakhudza ubongo ndi machitidwe a ana. Iwo anaona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi (chlorpyrifos) mosalekeza kunali koopsa ndipo kuyenera kuletsedwa. Komabe, woyang'anira watsopano wa Agency adachotsa chiletso chomwe adakonza ndikulengeza kuti kuwunika kwachitetezo cha zinthuzo sikumalizidwa mpaka 2022.

Gulu la kafukufuku waposachedwapa likusonyeza kugwirizana pakati pa kudya zipatso ndi masamba ndi zotsalira zambiri za mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mavuto a chonde. Kafukufuku wa Harvard adapeza kuti abambo ndi amai omwe adanena kuti amamwa pafupipafupi zakudya zomwe zili ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo amakhala ndi vuto lokhala ndi ana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zochepa zokhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo sizinakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa.

Zimatenga zaka zambiri komanso chuma chochuluka kuti tipange kafukufuku yemwe angayese zotsatira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo pazakudya ndi thanzi la anthu. Maphunziro a nthawi yayitali a mankhwala ophera tizilombo a organophosphate paubongo ndi machitidwe a ana atenga zaka zopitilira khumi.

Mmene Mungapeŵere Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo

Osati kokha chifukwa anthu ena amakonda zinthu organic. Kafukufuku wa 2015 wochitidwa ndi ofufuza ku yunivesite ya Washington adapeza kuti anthu omwe amagula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba amakhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a organophosphate m'mikodzo yawo.

Ku Russia, posachedwa pakhoza kukhala lamulo loyang'anira ntchito za opanga zinthu zachilengedwe. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, panalibe lamulo limodzi lolamulira makampaniwa, choncho, pogula zinthu "zachilengedwe", ogula sangakhale otsimikiza 100% kuti wopanga sanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Tikukhulupirira kuti biluyo iyamba kugwira ntchito posachedwa.

1 Comment

  1. საზამთრო ქოქოსი დაგაკლდათ მაგრამ
    Kuthamanga Kwambiri.

Siyani Mumakonda