Physalis

Nthawi yophukira ikafika, minda imaoneka ngati mitundu yamadzi, pomwe wina wathira utoto wofiirira, wachikasu, ndi walalanje chifukwa cha physalis. Nkhuku ndi zikwapu zimakongoletsa chilichonse - mitengo, tchire, ngakhale udzu. Choyamba, physalis ndi wochita nawo mokwanira mu extravaganza ya lalanje-yellow - chomera chokongola chomwe chimawoneka chowala ndi chowala komanso chofanana kwambiri ndi nyali zaku China.

Mwa njira, anthu ochepa amadziwa kuti kupanikizika kuyenera kugwera pa syllable yoyamba - Physalis chifukwa dzina la sayansi lachilatini la zomera ndi Phýsalis. Koma nthawi zambiri anthu amachitcha kuti cranberries yadothi kapena zipatso za emarodi. Zowonadi, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira "mabulosi" obiriwira awa, akacha, amapeza mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, amakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chowala chofanana ndi kuwira. Ndizosangalatsa kuti dzina lachilatini la Physalis limasuliridwa ndipo limatanthauza "kuwira."

General mudziwe

Mtundu wa Physalis (Phýsalis) ndi wa banja la Solanaceae (nightshade), kubanja lomwelo asayansi - taxonomists amaphatikiza tomato, mbatata, biringanya, datura, ndi henbane. Komabe, "kuwira" kwa lalanje ndi chimphona pakati pa ena onse; tsinde lake limatha kukhala lignification. Zimasiyana ndi mamembala ena a m'banjamo ndi pericarp yake yapadera, yokongola. Monga tochi yowala, bokosili ndi chivundikiro chopangidwa ndi timizere tosakanikirana ta duwa lomwe linali kale.

Kuwoneka kodabwitsa komanso koyambirira, kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito ngati chomera chamasamba komanso ngakhale kutumizira alendo ngati mchere wa zipatso, kukongoletsa mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn - zonse ndizabwino za physalis.

Koposa zonse udzu wowira umachokera ku South ndi Central America; zambiri zimamera ku Peru, Colombia; physalis ikukulanso ngati mbewu ku Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela. Popeza mbewuyo ndi thermophilic kwambiri, imamva bwino m'madera otentha, ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano yowonjezereka yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino.

Nthano, nthano, ndi zikhulupiriro

Physalis ndi nthano. Nayi imodzi mwa nthano:

Sikuti nthaŵi zonse dziko lakhala likulamuliridwa ndi kuunika. Nthawi ina, chinthu chowopsya chinachitika - Dzuwa lokongola linasowa m'matumbo a Dragon. Mdima unagwa pansi; imfa inatenga ufumu. Moyo unayima; zamoyo zonse zobisika, amene analibe nthawi - anafa, kupanda kanthu kunameza dziko. Koma panali munthu wina amene anaganiza zogonjetsa Cholengedwa chowopsya, kumasula Dzuwa ndi kubwezera Joy ndi Kuwala. Anapita kwa Chinjokacho ndi manja opanda kanthu ndipo anangoyatsa njira yake ndi tochi yaing’ono.

Kulimbana kunali koopsa, mapiri ndi mitsinje inabuula, koma Zoipa ziyenera kulangidwa nthawi zonse. Ndipo chinjokacho chinagwa, kumasula Dzuwa kuchokera kuya kwake. Inayaka ngati moto waukulu, womwe unkawoneka mu nyali yaing'ono yomwe inagwetsedwa ndi Olimba Mtima, ndikuchulukitsa ka zana, Kuwalako kunabalalika pa udzu, kusandulika kukhala nyali zowala kwambiri zomwe sizinachitikepo. Physalis anabadwa.

Ndi mbeu za zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu. Ngati muwagwira m'manja mwanu, pangani zokhumba zomwe mumakonda kwambiri, ndiyeno mubzale - ndiye kuti zonse zidzakwaniritsidwa. Koma pamene physalis ikukwera ndikuyamba kuwuka, idzakopa anthu abwino, kwa atsikana - okwatirana, okoma mtima ndi abwino adzalamulira m'nyumba.

Komabe, kuti mukhale ndi zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kuyika physalis molondola. Mu ngodya zakuda, zotsekedwa, duwa limatha kutaya mphamvu; ndi bwino kuyiyika padzuwa.

"Nyali" zowuma pawindo kapena zolendewera pakhomo zidzateteza nyumbayo ku zoipa.

Botanical ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya physalis

Zamasamba

Anachokera ku mitundu yolimba kwambiri ya ku Mexico. Lili ndi tsinde lopindika kwambiri lokhala ndi masamba achikasu, ofiirira, kapena obiriwira. Zipatso za physalis iyi ndi zazikulu, zokhala ndi mithunzi yosiyana; kutengera zosiyanasiyana, kulemera kumafika 80 g. Kudya iwo, ndi bwino kuchotsa zolengeza.

sitiroberi

Dzina lina la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mabulosi. Poyamba amachokera ku South Africa. Zipatso si zazikulu kwambiri, mpaka 10 g, koma zotsekemera, ngakhale kukoma kwa sitiroberi, popanda kuwawa, kukongola kwachikasu kapena lalanje.

Kukongoletsera

Nthawi zambiri, ikukula m'nyumba zazing'ono zachilimwe, ndipo anthu akugwiritsa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera m'dzinja la mabedi amaluwa. Zitha kukhala zapamwamba kapena zotsika, zokongoletsedwa ndi zoyera, zabuluu, komanso mabelu ofiira. Koma kukongoletsa kwambiri kumakhala pafupi ndi autumn - simungachotse maso anu pazitsanzo zokongola zokhala ndi nyali zamitundu yambiri (nthawi zambiri zowala lalanje).

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya physalis

Mitundu yamasamba

Monga tanena kale, physalis ikukula ngati masamba. Mwachitsanzo, ku Mexico, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito tomato monga momwe tinazolowera, amathira pa mbale za nyama komanso kuphika mphodza. Tiwona pansipa powunika mitundu ndi mitundu kuti tisiyanitse physalis yodyedwa ndi yosadya.

Gribovsky

Imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino, ndipo ikukula panja. Lili ndi zipatso zobiriwira zobiriwira, zofanana kwambiri ndi tomato. Kukoma kumakhalanso kofanana, kowawa pang'ono. Amasiyana kukana kuzizira ndi kuchuluka kwa fruiting.

Physalis Kinglet

Wamtali (mpaka 80 cm), chitsamba chowongoka, chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira owala komanso maluwa otsika. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, zotsekemera, ndi zowawasa, zoyenera ku pickling; mukhoza kupanga vinyo wopangidwa kunyumba kuchokera kwa iwo. Zololera kwambiri - mpaka 5 kg pa chitsamba chilichonse. Mitundu yolimbana ndi kuzizira koyambirira imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikule ku Middle Lane.

Physalis Tomatillo

Amasiyana ndi chidwi zokometsera kukoma kwa greenish zipatso. Ndi bwino kuphika (zokonzekera ndi kuyika kumalongeza, kupanga sauces, zimagwirizana bwino ndi tsabola wokoma, basil, cilantro). Kumayambiriro kokwanira (mpaka masiku 95 mutamera).

Zosiyanasiyana zimapereka kukolola koyambirira. Chipatsocho chimakula mpaka kukula, mtundu wokongola wachikasu, ndipo chimakhala chotsekemera. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikokwanira - mutha kuphika ma confectionery onse (kudzaza ma pie, marmalade), pickles, saladi.

Berry mitundu ya physalis

sitiroberi

Chomera chachitali, chokongola chomwe chimafika kutalika kwa 75 cm. Zipatso ndi zazing'ono, zokongola mumtundu (kuchokera kuchikasu mpaka amber), kukoma, ndi kununkhira kwa sitiroberi weniweni. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika pokonzekera mbale zotsekemera - ichi ndi mchere wodabwitsa, awiri abwino kwambiri a ayisikilimu. Mukhoza kupanga jams ndi kumalongeza.

Columbus

Mitundu ya thermophilic, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikule mu greenhouses. Imacha mochedwa koma ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa pectin. Zokwanira kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mchere watsopano, koma wosunthika - anthu akuzigwiritsanso ntchito ngati zopanda kanthu.

Mphesa zodabwitsa

Zosiyanasiyana zimadzipangira mungu, wodzichepetsa kwambiri (wosagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira komanso kutenthedwa), kukhwima koyambirira. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, ili ndi dzina lachiwiri - "pubescent". Pambuyo pa maluwa ndi maluwa osangalatsa achikasu, amapanga zipatso zambiri ndi kukoma kokoma. Ngakhale kukula kwapakati (1.5-2 g yokha), zipatsozo ndi zowutsa mudyo, za uchi; amafanana ndi chinanazi mu kukoma ndi fungo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuli konsekonse.

Mitundu yokongoletsera ya physalis

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya physalis ilinso ndi anthu ambiri omwe amasilira; "nyali" zake m'munda zimawoneka zosangalatsa kwambiri. Chokhacho ndikuti zipatso za mitundu iyi sizingadyedwe - ndizowopsa.

Physalis Franchet

Chomera chokongola chomwe chimakula mpaka mita, chokhala ndi tsinde zowongoka, zokongoletsedwa ndi nyali zazikulu - mpaka 8 cm. Chowonjezera chachikulu ndikuti Franchet ndi chomera chosatha.

Physalis Alkekengi

Komanso, osatha, zimayambira ndi pubescent, zimakhala ndi nyali zowala zambiri zapakatikati, zonyezimira chitsamba.

Malangizo a chisamaliro cha Physalis

Kuvuta kubzala ndi kusamalira physalis kumadalira zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yosatha komanso yapachaka imakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyana kwambiri.

Kubzala physalis: liti komanso bwanji?

Physalis pachaka

Ikukula kuchokera ku mbewu. Ndi bwino kukula ndi mbande m'njira yapakati ndi kumpoto. Kwa izi, kwinakwake mu Marichi, mbewu zikuwunikidwa mu "Epin" kapena sodium permanganate (popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) kwa maola angapo, komanso mu pepala lopyapyala kapena fyuluta mpaka mizu ikuwonekera, kenako ndikugwera pansi. Kumadera akummwera, mbewu zimatha kulowa pansi. Kumapeto kwa masika, chisanu chitatha, mbewu zazing'ono zimapatulira, poganizira mtunda (osachepera 20-30 cm).

Mitundu yosatha

Njira zazikulu zokulitsira osatha physalis ndikugawa ma rhizome ndi kumezanitsa.

Kugawanika kwa rhizome.

Njirayi ndi yabwino kuchita mu kasupe ndi autumn, physalis ndi yosinthika kuti ilowererepo. Pofuna kugawa chitsamba, ndikofunikira, mutachotsa nthaka, kugawa rhizome mu magawo 2-3 ndi fosholo yakuthwa, sankhani gawo logawanika la chitsamba ndikuliika mu dzenje.

Madzi ochuluka.

Zodula. Ngati mudula nsonga za mphukira m'chilimwe, mutha kupeza zomera zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi amayi ofanana. Zodulidwazo ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba osachepera atatu. Mukabzala zodula m'nthaka kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphukira likhale m'nthaka ndi magawo awiri pa atatu pamwamba pake, m'pofunika kudikirira kuti mizu igwe. Kuti mufulumizitse njirayi, mutha kupanga mini-wowonjezera kutentha kapena kuphimba zodulidwazo ndi pulasitiki. Wolima munda akaonetsetsa kuti mizu ikuchitika, amachotsa pogona - wowonjezera kutentha.

Feteleza za physalis ndizokhazikika

Ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi zomera (mu kasupe ndi koyambirira kwa chilimwe), mbewuyo iyenera kukhala ndi feteleza wamphamvu wachilengedwe. Humus, kompositi, phulusa ndi zowonjezera zazing'ono za feteleza zamchere zam'mafakitale ndizoyenera. Mullein ndi manyowa a nkhuku ndi abwino kugwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pake ndi kukhazikika.

Kumayambiriro kwa maluwa - bwerezani ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambapa.
M'dzinja, mutatha kukolola, ndi bwino kukulitsa chomeracho ndi potaziyamu ndi organic.

Kutentha ndi kuunikira

Physalis ndi chomera chofunda komanso chokonda kuwala. Ngati mlimi asankha kubzala physalis ndikupeza zokolola zambiri, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira:

• ibzale m'malo owala kwambiri pamalopo, komanso mitundu yambiri yosamva kuzizira;
• mu chisanu choopsa, kuphimba ndi nsalu yapadera, ndipo, kokha ndi kutentha kokhazikika, kuli bwino kuchotsa.

Kuthirira physalis

Kuthirira - kwapakati komanso kokhazikika ndi madzi okhazikika kutentha. M'chilimwe, ngati nyengo simvula, mukhoza kuthirira tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse; pa avareji, kamodzi pa sabata ndikwanira.

Mitundu yokongoletsera imakhala yokhulupirika kwambiri kumadera olima, monga mbewu zilizonse zosatha zomwe zimabzalidwa ku Central Lane. Mwanjira ina, ma rhizomes awo amatha kupirira zovuta, ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri.

Kusamutsa physalis

Kamodzi pazaka 7-9 zilizonse, physalis yosatha iyenera kukonzedwanso. Pakukonzanso, rhizome imagawidwa m'magawo 3-4, ndipo muyenera kuyisamutsira kumabowo okhala ndi nthaka yachonde, yotayirira. Kuonjezerapo kubzala kumapondedwa ndi kuthiriridwa mochuluka. Ndi bwino kuchita zimenezi masika; zimabweretsanso zotsatira zabwino mu kugwa. Koma chachikulu si kuchedwa. Rhizome iyenera kumera pamalo atsopano, kuyika mizu yatsopano.

Kudulira

Ndizomveka chepetsa okha osatha kukongoletsa physalis. Wamaluwa kudula lonse nthaka gawo. Rhizome imalowetsedwa pang'ono ndikukumbidwa.

Kuzizira

Perennial physalis nyengo yozizira bwino mu Middle Belt komanso kumpoto. Rhizome mulch pambuyo kudulira; kuti mukhale ndi mtendere wamumtima, mukhoza kuphimba ndi nthambi za spruce kapena zinthu zopanda nsalu.

Njira zoberekera physalis

Mbewu

Mbewu zimaberekanso mitundu yapachaka - mitundu ya masamba ndi mabulosi. Pambuyo pa kumera, mbande zimamira, zimakula m'zipinda kapena greenhouses. Anthu akuubzala m'nthaka ndi kutentha kokhazikika.

Zigawo

Njira yofalitsira physalis yokongoletsera mwa kuika ndi yosavuta komanso yothandiza. Kuti muchite izi, m'chaka, gawo la rhizome ndi mphukira zatsopano likupita kumalo atsopano.

Zodula zimapangidwa monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Physalis ndi chomera chodzichepetsa chokhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu.

Komabe, muyenera kukumbukira kuti imatha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus, komanso kupsa msanga kwa zipatso.

Zimafunikanso kupangidwa. Kuti muthe kukolola bwino, mbewuyo imapangidwa ndi kukanikiza nsonga, popeza nthambi zazikulu kwambiri za mphukira, m'pamenenso padzakhala malo oyika masamba.

Ngati chilimwe sichikuyenda bwino malinga ndi nyengo, physalis ndi spud kuti awonjezere kukana matenda ndikuwongolera kucha kwa mbewu.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Physalis ndi mmodzi mwa oimira amphamvu kwambiri a Solanaceae, koma amatha kudwala. Zomera matenda makamaka mafangasi ndi tizilombo.

Mosaic

Physalis imawononga msanga; kwenikweni "amadya" chomeracho, monga matenda aliwonse a ma virus. Palibe mankhwala; anthu okhudzidwawo ayenera kuwonongedwa mwamsanga. Munda ukuwoneka wachisoni; Zitsamba zakufa, zokhala ndi mawanga opweteka kwambiri.

Choipitsa cham'mbuyo

Matenda a mafangasi a nightshade omwe amatha kuwononga mbewu zonse mu usiku umodzi wokha. Njira zambiri zapangidwa motsutsana ndi mliriwu (mwachitsanzo - Proton, Hom, Thanos). Tsoka ilo, bowa amawononga mbewuyo panthawi yakucha, ndipo munthu amayenera kuyeza zomwe zimapindulitsa mlimi - kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zokonzedwa kuti zidye kapena kuwononga chitsanzo cha matenda.

Pakati pa tizirombo, zowononga kwambiri ndi zimbalangondo ndi wireworm. Mwamwayi, amatha kuthana nawo pogwiritsa ntchito njira za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, onjezerani phulusa la nkhuni kapena zitosi za mbalame m’nthaka.

Zothandiza katundu ndi contraindications

Mapangidwe, mtengo wazakudya, zopatsa mphamvu zama calorie
Chipatso chilichonse cha physalis, masamba kapena mabulosi, chimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi ma microelements. Kuchuluka kwa vitamini C, vitamini A (14% ya mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku wofunikira kwa thupi), ma antioxidants, ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka mavitamini a B kumapangitsa chomera kukhala chofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zamankhwala. Kupatula apo, zipatso za physalis zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa; Choncho, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazakudya za matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya, limodzi ndi kulemera kwakukulu. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimapindulitsa ndi zovulaza chomera ichi chimabweretsa.

Zopindulitsa

Kuti tifotokoze zopindulitsa za physalis, munthu angatchule malingaliro a asing'anga otchuka:

• miyala mu impso ndi chikhodzodzo - decoction wa zipatso mkati;
• gout ndi edema - decoction wa zipatso kunja;
• kutupa kwa purulent - madzi kapena kulowetsedwa. Zipatso zatsopano zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito;
• chifukwa cha ululu m'mimba ndi matumbo - puree ya zipatso zatsopano;
• kwa dermatitis - physalis mafuta (chipatso phulusa wothira mafuta masamba).

Physalis contraindications

Palibe zotsutsana zapadera pakugwiritsa ntchito physalis. Komabe, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti, monga zipatso zilizonse zowawasa, zimatha kukulitsa odwala omwe ali ndi gastritis. Ndikofunikiranso kusamala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la pancreatic ndi ndulu. Mitundu yokondeka iyenera kuchepetsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pamindandanda yawo.

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito Physalis

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu kokwanira. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito decoctions fuluwenza, laryngitis, matenda a m'mapapo. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zochepa ndizabwino kwa dieters.

Chotsitsa

Ikani 30 g wa zipatso zouma mu 0.5 malita a madzi ndikuphika kwa mphindi zisanu. Ntchito chifukwa mlingo mkati mwa masiku awiri impso ndi chikhodzodzo matenda.

Mafuta

Zipatso zouma (100 g) zimatenthedwa pamoto wotseguka mpaka phulusa lipezeka. Pewani ndi kusefa phulusa. Sakanizani ndi mafuta pang'ono a azitona mpaka mutapeza kugwirizana kwa mafuta odzola. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mabala, ming'alu, ndi dermatitis.

Maphikidwe a Physalis

Mchere

Kwa 1 kg ya workpiece:

• Zipatso - 1 kg;
• mchere - 50 g;
• Horseradish mizu - kulawa;
• Garlic - ma clove atatu;
• Tsabola wotentha kulawa;
• mchere - 50-60 g;
• masamba a currant - 5-7 pcs.;
• Tarragon - nthambi zingapo;
• Cilantro - 7-10 mbewu;
• Madzi - 1 lita.

Peel zipatso, nadzatsuka, ikani mu chosawilitsidwa mitsuko. Konzani brine - wiritsani zokometsera zonse ndi mchere mu lita imodzi ya madzi. Thirani chirichonse ndi brine, ikani grated adyo pamenepo. Siyani mitsukoyo pamalo otentha kwa sabata. Yang'anani momwe fermentation ikukulira tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene brine imakhala yowawasa, ikhetseni ndikuwiritsa kangapo. Thirani nkhani za mitsuko ndi otentha brine, yokulungira, kukulunga. Sungani pamalo ozizira.

Caviar

• Physalis zipatso - 1 kg;
• Anyezi - 500 g;
• Karoti - 500 g;
• masamba a parsley - 200-300 g;
• Mchere kulawa;
• Shuga kulawa;
• Garlic - ma clove atatu;
• Tsabola wakuda pansi - 1/2 tsp.

Choyamba, konzani masamba onse ndi mwachangu mu masamba mafuta. Ikani zonse mu chidebe, onjezerani zotsalazo, simmer. Pogaya ndi blender, ozizira. Kutumikira ndi nyama kapena nkhuku.

Pomaliza - Physalis, chomera chodabwitsa, sichimagawidwa kwambiri komanso chosayenera. Koma wokonda kukongola aliyense, ngati angayerekeze kubzala "kuwira" kodabwitsa kwa physalis, adzalipidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yake yolima ndi kuwala kwa nyali zaku China pamasiku amtambo autumn, kununkhira kodabwitsa kwa kupanikizana kwachilendo ndi zokometsera zokometsera zomwe. yambitsa chilakolako.

Malangizo ena amomwe mungadyere physalis mu kanema pansipa: