Kutulutsa magazi
Mawu osinthika kwambiriwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulasitiki, kuphatikiza mafuta amafuta ndi mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi biologically omwe amatha kuwonongeka, komanso mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi bio omwe sawola. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, palibe chitsimikizo chakuti "bioplastic" idzapangidwa kuchokera kumafuta omwe siapoizoni, osakhala ndi mafuta kapena kuti idzawonongeka.
pulasitiki yosasinthika
Chopangidwa ndi biodegradable chiyenera, mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kuwola kukhala zopangira zachilengedwe pakapita nthawi. "Biodegradation" ndi njira yozama kuposa "kuwononga" kapena "kuvunda". Akamanena kuti pulasitiki "imasweka", kwenikweni imangokhala zidutswa zing'onozing'ono za pulasitiki. Palibe mulingo wovomerezeka wotchulira chinthu ngati “chowonongeka”, kutanthauza kuti palibe njira yodziwikiratu yofotokozera tanthauzo lake, motero opanga amachigwiritsa ntchito mosagwirizana.
zowonjezera
Mankhwala omwe amawonjezeredwa popanga zinthu zapulasitiki kuti zikhale zamphamvu, zotetezeka, zosinthika, ndi zina zingapo zofunika. Zowonjezera zambiri zimaphatikizapo zothamangitsa madzi, zoletsa moto, zonenepa, zofewetsa, zopaka utoto, ndi machiritso a UV. Zina mwazowonjezerazi zitha kukhala ndi zinthu zomwe zitha kukhala poizoni.
Compostable pulasitiki
Kuti chinthu chiwonjezeke, chikuyenera kuwola kukhala zinthu zake zachilengedwe (kapena zowola) mu "malo opangira manyowa". Mapulasitiki ena ndi compostable, ngakhale ambiri sangapangidwe mulu wa kompositi wakuseri kwa nyumba. M'malo mwake, amafuna kutentha kwambiri pakapita nthawi kuti awole.
Ma Microplastics
Ma Microplastics ndi tinthu tapulasitiki tosakwana mamilimita asanu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya microplastics: pulayimale ndi sekondale.
Ma microplastic oyambilira amaphatikizapo ma pellets a resin omwe amasungunuka kuti apange zinthu zapulasitiki ndi ma microbead omwe amawonjezeredwa kuzinthu monga zodzoladzola, sopo ndi mankhwala otsukira mano ngati zopaka. Ma microplastic achiwiri amabwera chifukwa cha kuphwanyidwa kwa zinthu zazikulu zapulasitiki. Ma microfibers ndi chingwe cha pulasitiki chapayekha chomwe chimalukidwa pamodzi kupanga nsalu monga poliyesitala, nayiloni, acrylic, ndi zina zotero. Akavala ndi kutsukidwa, ma microfibers amalowa mumlengalenga ndi madzi.
Single stream processing
Dongosolo lomwe zida zonse zobwezerezedwanso - nyuzipepala, makatoni, pulasitiki, zitsulo, magalasi - zimayikidwa mu bin imodzi yobwezeretsanso. Zinyalala zachiwiri zimasanjidwa pamalo obwezeretsanso ndi makina ndi manja, osati ndi eni nyumba. Njirayi ili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa. Otsutsawo akuti kukonzanso kwamtundu umodzi kumawonjezera kutenga nawo gawo kwa anthu pakukonzanso zinthu, koma otsutsa amati kumabweretsa kuipitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa zinthu zina zomwe zimatha kubwezeretsedwanso zimatha kutayidwa ndipo zimakhala zokwera mtengo.
Mapulasitiki otayika
Zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha, monga zikwama zopyapyala zogulira ndi zolongedza zamakanema zomwe zimasindikiza chilichonse kuyambira chakudya mpaka zoseweretsa. Pafupifupi 40% ya mapulasitiki onse omwe si a fiber amagwiritsidwa ntchito popakira. Okonda zachilengedwe akuyesera kukopa anthu kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki osagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha ndipo m'malo mwake asankhe zinthu zolimba zogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri monga mabotolo achitsulo kapena matumba a thonje.
nyanja zozungulira mafunde
Pali mafunde asanu akuluakulu ozungulira padziko lapansi, omwe ndi machitidwe akuluakulu a mafunde ozungulira nyanja omwe amapangidwa ndi mphepo ndi mafunde: Mapiri a Kumpoto ndi Kumwera kwa Pacific Circular Currents, North ndi South Atlantic Circular Currents, ndi Indian Ocean Circular Current. Mafunde ozungulira amasonkhanitsa ndikuyika zinyalala zam'madzi m'malo akuluakulu a zinyalala. Ma gyres onse akulu tsopano ali ndi zigamba za zinyalala, ndipo zigamba zatsopano zimapezeka m'magalasi ang'onoang'ono.
zinyalala za m'nyanja
Chifukwa cha mafunde a m'nyanja, zinyalala za m'nyanja nthawi zambiri zimasonkhana m'madzi ozungulira nyanja, kupanga zomwe zimadziwika kuti zinyalala. M'mafunde akulu kwambiri ozungulira, zigambazi zimatha kupitilira masikweya kilomita miliyoni. Zambiri zomwe zimapanga mawangawa ndi pulasitiki. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri za zinyalala zam'madzi zimatchedwa Great Pacific Garbage Patch ndipo ili pakati pa California ndi Hawaii ku North Pacific Ocean.
ma polima
Pulasitiki, yomwe imatchedwanso ma polima, imapangidwa polumikizana ndi timatabwa tating'ono kapena ma cell cell. Mipiringidzo yomwe akatswiri amatcha ma monomers amapangidwa ndi magulu a maatomu opangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe kapena kupanga mankhwala oyambira kuchokera kumafuta, gasi, kapena malasha. Kwa mapulasitiki ena, monga polyethylene, atomu imodzi yokha ya carbon ndi maatomu awiri a haidrojeni akhoza kukhala gawo lobwereza. Kwa mapulasitiki ena, monga nayiloni, gawo lobwereza likhoza kukhala ndi maatomu 38 kapena kuposerapo. Akasonkhanitsidwa, maunyolo a monomer ndi amphamvu, opepuka komanso okhazikika, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala othandiza kwambiri m'nyumba - ndipo amakhala ovuta kwambiri akatayidwa mosasamala.
PAT
PET, kapena polyethylene terephthalate, ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya ma polima kapena mapulasitiki. Ndi pulasitiki yowonekera, yokhazikika komanso yopepuka ya banja la polyester. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zapakhomo.