Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera za maula
Plum ndi mtengo wa almond subfamily. Amakula mpaka 5 metres. Plum ali ndi masamba osavuta, a lanceolate, opangidwa ndi ma pikes, ndi maluwa apinki kapena oyera okhala ndi ma petals asanu, osonkhanitsidwa mu maambulera a inflorescence asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi, kapena osakwatiwa.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti maula omwewo sanalimidwe kuchomera chakutchire. Zaka zikwi zitatu zapitazo, ku Caucasus, maula a chitumbuwa amasakanikirana mwachibadwa ndi minga, ndipo anthu nthawi yomweyo anayamba kumanga chikhalidwe chatsopano.
Akuluakulu ake a Plum adafika ku Europe ndi Asia kokha patatha zaka mazana ambiri, ngakhale idakhazikika pamenepo nthawi yomweyo. Masiku ano, plums amakula ku Africa, America komanso ku Australia.
Prunus domestica (Prunus domestica) ndi mtengo wodula, womwe ndi chipatso cha mwala wa zipatso.
Pali mitundu inayi ya ma plums malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zipatso:
- Mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri - maula amayamba kubala zipatso zaka 2-3 mutabzala.
- Mitundu yoyambirira - fruiting imayamba zaka 3-4 mutabzala.
- Mitundu yapakatikati - fruiting imayamba zaka 5-6.
- Kuchedwa kwa fruiting - mtengo umayamba kubala zipatso m'chaka cha 7 kapena mtsogolo.
Plum imayamba kuphuka pakatikati kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 masiku khumi a Meyi, maluwa amatenga sabata imodzi mpaka masiku 12 ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwa panyengo yozizira ya masika. Pafupifupi, mtengo umodzi umatulutsa 15-20 kg ya plums.
Plum imabala zipatso mu Ogasiti - Okutobala. Chipatso cha plums ndi chozungulira, chowulungika, chozungulira kapena chachitali chowutsa mudyo chokhala ndi tsinde lachikasu, lobiriwira, lofiirira, buluu wakuda kapena wofiira.
Kapangidwe ndi kalori okhutira
Ma plums ali ndi shuga, fructose ndi sucrose, mavitamini A, B1, B2, C, H ndi PP, komanso mchere wofunikira: potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, zinki, mkuwa ndi manganese, chitsulo, chromium, boron ndi nickel, phosphorous ndi sodium. .
- Zakudya za caloriki 49 kcal
- Mapuloteni 0.8 g
- Mafuta 0.3 g
- Zakudya 9.6 g
Ubwino wa plums
Choyamba ndi, ndithudi, kukoma kwapadera kowutsa mudyo kwa plums. Zakudya zambiri, zakumwa, sauces zimakonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo. Kodi tinganene chiyani za prunes, yomwe yokha ndi mchere wabwino kwambiri komanso nkhokwe ya mavitamini.
Plum ndi uchi wabwino kwambiri - njuchi zimatola pafupifupi 50 kg ya uchi wonunkhira kuchokera ku ha 1 ya dimba la maula.
Mawu ochepa okhudza zinthu zopindulitsa zomwe zili mu maula. Lili ndi shuga mpaka 18% (fructose, glucose ndi sucrose). Plum ali ndi mavitamini A, C, P ndi B1, B2, komanso potaziyamu, phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, iron, boron, manganese, zinki, nickel, mkuwa ndi chromium. Plum imakhala ndi amino acid ndi flavonoids.
Mbeu za plums zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta, omwe muzinthu zake ndi ofanana ndi mafuta a amondi, ndipo mu zipatso za plums zomwe zimatchedwa coumarins, zomwe zili ndi katundu woletsa mapangidwe a magazi ndi kulimbikitsa vasodilation, zimasungidwa.
Chifukwa cha katundu wake, maula amawonjezera njala, amakhala ndi diuretic ndi laxative kwenikweni, ndipo amathandizira kukonza chimbudzi. Zakumwa za plum (compotes ndi jelly) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a impso, gout, rheumatism ndi atherosulinosis. Madokotala amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito plums kwa magazi m'thupi ndi matenda a mtima.
Kuvulaza
Kudya kwambiri ma plums kungayambitse kusadya bwino. Popeza zipatsozo zili ndi shuga, ziyenera kudyedwa mosamala ndipo, mutakambirana ndi dokotala, kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso ndi masamba a maula kwa mankhwala
Zipatso za plums zimakhala ndi mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba, chifukwa chake akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala owerengeka pochiza kudzimbidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Tikumbukenso kuti mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba zimatha maula si kutayika pamene zipatso zouma (zouma).
Pa nthawi yakucha, ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito plums mwatsopano, kudya zidutswa zingapo masana. Kuchiza m'nyengo yozizira, "prunes" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yothetsera kudzimbidwa ndiyosavuta kukonzekera - ingodulani zipatso, chotsani njere ndikutsanulira madzi otentha; mu kotala la ola, kulowetsedwa ndi wokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zochizira matenda, otchedwa, kulimbikira kudzimbidwa, ndi bwino kuphika oat maula odzola.
Maula amaphuka
Masamba a plums ali ndi bactericidal katundu, kotero amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera decoction yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza stomatitis ndi matenda ena amkamwa ndi mkamwa. Msuzi umakonzedwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10, ndiko kuti, 20 g wa masamba owuma amafunikira kapu yamadzi. Bweretsani madziwo kwa chithupsa ndikuphika kwa mphindi 10-15. Kupsyinjika decoction wa masamba ntchito ngati pakamwa muzimutsuka.
Kulawa makhalidwe a maula
Ma plums ali ndi zokometsera zosiyanasiyana kuyambira okoma mpaka tart. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi zipatso zotsekemera, zina zimakhala zowawasa, uchi, zonunkhira, amondi, pichesi ndi zokometsera zina.
Mu zipatso zakupsa, mwala umalekanitsa bwino ndi zamkati. Mitundu yakuthengo ya mbewuyo imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri, kotero sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Cherry plum imasiyanitsidwanso ndi kukoma kwake kwabwino. Zipatso zake, kutengera mitundu, ndizotsekemera kapena zowawa pang'ono.
Kuphika mapulogalamu
Pophika, zipatso za plums zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mbale zambiri. Izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira, jams, marinades, compotes. Zipatso zimaphatikizidwa mu tchizi, ma pie, ndi mchere wambiri. Zipatso zimakololedwa m'nyengo yozizira, kuzifutsa, mchere, mazira ndi zouma. Chotupitsa chosazolowereka, choperekedwa ndi ayezi, ndi plums zouma zamchere. Compote yopangidwa kuchokera ku plums ya chitumbuwa imakhala yabwino kwambiri.
Chakudya chachikhalidwe cha ku Japan ndi umeboshi - ma plums amchere. Amawonjezeredwa ku mbale zambiri, kuphatikizapo "mipira" ya mpunga, zipatso zimapereka kukoma kwapadera kowawasa. Ku Caucasus, msuzi wa ku Georgian tkemali ndi tklapi puree ndi zakudya zamtundu uliwonse. Chakudya choyamba chimaperekedwa ndi mbale za nyama; chopangira chachikulu ndi tkemali maula. Zitsamba ndi adyo amawonjezeredwa ku msuzi.
Tklapi ndi mbale zowuma ndi dzuwa zomwe zimachokera ku tkemali, zomwe zimachepetsedwa ndi msuzi. Ndi gawo lofunikira la supu ya kharcho, kudzaza kwa pie ndi zokometsera. Msuzi wofanana ndi tkemali umakonzedwanso ku Bulgaria.
Vinyo wabwino kwambiri watebulo wokhala ndi maluwa oyambira amapezeka kuchokera ku maula. Zimayenda bwino ndi mbale za nyama ndipo zimatha kupikisana ndi anzawo a mphesa.
Pokonzekera mbale za plums, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Zipatso zokazinga zimayenda bwino ndi mbale za nyama ndi nkhuku, zimayikidwa mu pilaf. Zipatso zonse zakupsa komanso zosapsa ndizoyenera kukonzekera marinade.
- Kupanikizana kumapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zakupsa komweko. Maula ayenera blanched asanawaike mu mtsuko.
- Pokonzekera compote tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito plums zazikulu ndi miyala yaing'ono.
- Kuti zipatsozo zikhalebe bwino pophika, amalasidwa kangapo ndi chotokosera m’mano.
- Kukoma kwa piquant kumapezedwa powonjezera zokometsera pazosowa za maula - nutmeg, vanila, cloves, sinamoni.
- Maenje a zipatso nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa, koma amathanso kupezeka m'mbale.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kukonzekera kwa plums sikungasungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali!