Potaziyamu (K)

Brkufotokoza kwa ief

Potaziyamu (K) ndi chakudya chofunikira kwambiri chamchere komanso electrolyte. Ndikofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwamaselo amoyo onse, motero, amapezeka pamatumba onse azomera ndi nyama. Ntchito yabwinobwino yamthupi imadalira kayendedwe kabwino ka potaziyamu mkati ndi kunja kwa maselo. Chofufuzachi chimagwira gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa zamagetsi zamagetsi mthupi (kusunga polarity yama cell, kuwonetsa ma neuron, kufalitsa kukhudzika kwa mtima ndi kupindika kwa minofu), poyendetsa michere ndi ma metabolites, komanso poyambitsa ma enzyme.[1,2].

Mbiri yakupeza

Monga mchere, potaziyamu idapezeka koyamba mu 1807 ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino waku Britain Humphrey Davy pomwe amapanga batri yatsopano. Munali mu 1957 mokha pomwe gawo lofunikira lidapangidwa pomvetsetsa gawo la potaziyamu m'maselo azinyama. Katswiri wazamankhwala waku Danish, Jens Skow, yemwe adalandira Mphotho ya Nobel mu Chemistry mu 1997, adapeza posinthanitsa ayoni ya potaziyamu, sodium ndi magnesium m'maselo a nkhanu, zomwe zidalimbikitsa kupitiliza kufufuza za mchere m'zinthu zina zamoyo.[3].

Zakudya zopatsa potaziyamu

Zomera ndi zinyama ndi magwero abwino kwambiri a potaziyamu. Zakudya zamasamba zomwe zimakhala ndi potaziyamu zimaphatikizapo mapeyala, sipinachi yaiwisi, nthochi, oats, ndi ufa wa rye. Zogulitsa zanyama zimakhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri - halibut, tuna, mackerel ndi salimoni. Mchere wochepa kwambiri umapezeka mu nyama monga nkhumba, ng'ombe, ndi nkhuku. Ufa woyera, mazira, tchizi ndi mpunga zili ndi potaziyamu yochepa kwambiri. Mkaka ndi madzi a malalanje ndi magwero abwino a potaziyamu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri timawadya mochuluka.[1].

Kupezeka pafupifupi kwa mg mu 100 g ya mankhwala kumawonetsedwa:

Zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku

Popeza palibe chidziwitso chokwanira chodziwitsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe tikufunikira potero kuwerengera potaziyamu, chakudya chokwanira chapangidwa m'malo mwake. NAP ya potaziyamu imadalira chakudya chomwe chimayenera kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chokhala ndi sodium chloride pamagazi, kuchepetsa ngozi yamiyala yamphongo, komanso mwina kuchepa kwa mafupa. Kwa anthu athanzi, potaziyamu wochulukirapo pamwamba pa NAP amatulutsidwa mkodzo.

Mlingo Wokwanira wa Potaziyamu (kutengera zaka ndi jenda):

Zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku zimawonjezeka:

  • kwa anthu aku Africa aku America: Chifukwa anthu aku America ali ndi potaziyamu wambiri ndipo amadwala kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kutengeka ndi mchere, kuchuluka kwa anthuwa kumafunikira kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu;
  • mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena omwe amamwa mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito zotupa;
  • mukamasewera masewera: potaziyamu amatulutsa thupi ndi thukuta;
  • mukamamwa mankhwala okodzetsa;
  • ndi chakudya chochepa kwambiri cha carb komanso chomanga thupi kwambiri: Kawirikawiri ndi zakudya zotere, zipatso sizidya, zomwe zimakhala ndi alkalis zofunika kuti potaziyamu agayike.

Chofunikira cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimachepa:

  • Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto loipa la impso, matenda a impso otsiriza, mtima wosalimba;
  • mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi preeclampsia, chifukwa cha chiopsezo chokhala ndi hyperkalemia wambiri potaziyamu mthupi[4].

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe zambiri za Potaziyamu (K) pasitolo yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yazinthu zachilengedwe. Pali zinthu zopitilira 30,000 zokonda zachilengedwe, mitengo yowoneka bwino komanso kukwezedwa pafupipafupi, kosalekeza 5% kuchotsera ndi nambala yampikisano CGD4899, kutumiza kwaulere padziko lonse lapansi kulipo.

Zothandiza zimatha potaziyamu ndi mphamvu yake pa thupi

Ubwino wathanzi potaziyamu:

Imathandizira Ubongo Wathanzi

Potaziyamu ndiyofunikira kwambiri paumoyo wamanjenje, womwe umakhala ndi ubongo, msana, ndi mitsempha. Potaziyamu imathandizanso pakusakanikirana kwa ma osmotic pakati pama cell ndi ma intercellular fluid. Izi zikutanthauza kuti posowa potaziyamu, kusinthana kwamadzi m'thupi kumasokonezeka. Matenda amanjenje, kuphatikiza kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi madzi amadzimadzi chifukwa chokhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri, zimatha kubweretsa mutu wopweteka kwambiri.

PA NKHANIYI:

Chakudya choyenera cha sitiroko

Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha sitiroko

Chifukwa cha potaziyamu pakukhazikitsa dongosolo lamanjenje, kugwira ntchito kwa mtima, komanso kuchepa kwa madzi, chakudya chomwe chili ndi potaziyamu wambiri chimathandiza kuchepetsa kupwetekedwa mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, phindu ili lasonyezedwa kuti ndilolimba potaziyamu akamachokera kuzakudya zachilengedwe m'malo mowonjezera.

Kusintha thanzi la mtima

Potaziyamu amafunika kuti minofu igwirizane bwino. Kuchepetsa kwa minofu, kupumula kwa minofu, kuphatikizapo mtima, kumadalira kagayidwe ka potaziyamu. Kuperewera kwa mchere kumathandizira pakukula kwa ma arrhythmias kapena kugunda kwamtima kosazolowereka.

Limbikitsani kuthamanga kwa magazi

Pali limagwirira m'thupi la munthu lotchedwa sodium-potaziyamu metabolism. Ndikofunikira pakuchepa kwama cellular, kuchepa kwamadzi ndi magwiridwe antchito amtima. Zakudya zamakono masiku ano nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda potaziyamu ndipo zimakhala ndi sodium yambiri. Kusalinganika uku kumabweretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Thandizo la thanzi la mafupa

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti potaziyamu, yomwe imapezeka mu zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zochuluka, imathandiza kwambiri pakulimbitsa thanzi la mafupa. Potaziyamu wapezeka kuti amachepetsa kusungunuka kwa mafupa, momwe mafupa amawonongeka. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya mafupa.

Kupewa kukokana kwa minofu

Monga tanena, potaziyamu ndiyofunikira kuti minofu igwire ntchito komanso kayendedwe ka madzi m'thupi. Popanda potaziyamu wokwanira, minofu imatha kuphipha. Kuphatikiza apo, kudya zakudya zokhala ndi potaziyamu pafupipafupi kumatha kuthandizira kukokana msambo.

Sikuti kudya zipatso zokoma, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi nyemba zokhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri kumathandiza kupewa kukokana kwa minofu, komanso kumachepetsa kufooka kwa minofu ndi kutopa. Izi zimapatsa mphamvu zowonjezera tsikulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino nthawi yanu. Kwa othamanga omwe ali ndi masewera othamanga, kupeza potaziyamu wochuluka kuchokera pachakudya momwe zingathere kungathandize magwiridwe antchito onse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zakudya za potaziyamu ziyenera kupezeka pachakudya chilichonse ndi chotupitsa, komanso mukugwedezeka kozama komanso kobwezeretsa.

PA NKHANIYI:

Chakudya choyenera motsutsana ndi cellulite

Thandizo polimbana ndi cellulite

Nthawi zambiri timagwirizanitsa kupezeka kwa cellulite ndikudya mafuta kwambiri komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komabe, chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu, kupatula ma genetics, ndikuphatikizanso madzimadzi mthupi. Izi zimachitika ndikudya mchere wambiri komanso kudya potaziyamu wokwanira. Yesetsani kuwonjezera zakudya zowonjezera potaziyamu pazakudya zanu pafupipafupi ndipo muwona momwe cellulite imachepa komanso thanzi lanu lonse limakula.

Kusunga kulemera kwathanzi

Chimodzi mwamaubwino ofunikira potaziyamu wokwanira, mwa zina, ndimomwe zimakhudzira kulemera thupi. Izi zimawoneka chifukwa potaziyamu imathandizira kuchiritsa minofu yofooka komanso yotopa, imakulitsa thanzi lamtima, imathandizira dongosolo lamanjenje, komanso amasunga madzi mthupi. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zokhala ndi potaziyamu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopatsa thanzi komanso zonenepetsa - sikungokhala ndi chakudya "chopatsa thanzi" m'mimba.

Potaziyamu kagayidwe

Potaziyamu ndiye cation yayikulu kwambiri mthupi. Ngakhale mcherewo umapezeka m'madzimadzi amkati mwa maselo ndi ma extracellular, umakhazikika m'maselo. Ngakhale kusintha kwakung'ono kwa potaziyamu wochulukirapo kumatha kukhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu wama cell ena. Izi, zimakhudzanso kufalikira kwamitsempha, kupindika kwa minofu ndi kamvekedwe ka mtima.

Mu zakudya zosagulitsidwa, potaziyamu imapezeka makamaka mogwirizana ndi zotsogola monga citrate ndipo, pang'ono, phosphate. Potaziyamu akawonjezeredwa pachakudya pokonza kapena mavitamini, amakhala potaziyamu wa mankhwala enaake.

Thupi labwino limayamwa pafupifupi 85% ya potaziyamu yake. Mavitamini ambiri a potaziyamu amasungidwa ndi sodium-potaziyamu-ATPase metabolism. Popeza imalimbikitsidwa ndi insulin, kusintha kwa plasma insulin concentration kumatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu wa potaziyamu motero potaziyamu wa potaziyamu.

Pafupifupi 77-90% ya potaziyamu amatulutsa mkodzo. Izi ndichifukwa choti kukhazikika pamalumikizidwe pakati pazakudya za potaziyamu ndi potaziyamu wokwanira kwambiri. Zina zonse zimatulutsidwa makamaka m'matumbo, ndipo zochulukirapo zimatuluka thukuta.[4].

Kuyanjana ndi zinthu zina zofufuza:

  • Sodium mankhwala enaake: potaziyamu amachepetsa mphamvu ya sodium chloride. Zakudya potaziyamu kumawonjezera excretion wa sodium kolorayidi mu mkodzo.
  • Sodium: potaziyamu ndi sodium ndizofanana, ndipo ngati kuchuluka kwa zinthu ziwirizi sikulondola, chiopsezo cha impso ndi matenda oopsa[4].
  • Calcium: potaziyamu imathandizira kukonzanso kashiamu komanso imathandizira pamafupa amchere.
  • Magnesium: magnesium imafunika kuti pakhale mulingo woyenera wa potaziyamu m'maselo, ndipo kuchuluka koyenera kwa mania, calcium ndi potaziyamu kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha sitiroko[5].

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuphatikiza potaziyamu

Yogurt + Banana: Zakudya zophatikizana ndi potaziyamu ndi zomanga thupi zimathandiza pakukula kwa minofu ndikubwezeretsa kwa amino acid omwe amatayika panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chakudyachi chimatha kudyedwa kadzutsa komanso ngati chotupitsa pambuyo popumira.[8].

Kaloti + Tahini: Kaloti amaonedwa kuti ndi athanzi kwambiri - amakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu, michere, mavitamini A, B, K ndi potaziyamu. Tahini (phala wa zitsamba) mulinso mavitamini ndi michere yambiri komanso zomanga thupi. CHIKWANGWANI ku tahini chimathandiza kuchepetsa kudya kwa kalori komanso anti-inflammatory ndi gut gut.

Maolivi + Tomato: Maolivi amakhala ngati gwero labwino kwambiri la fiber, lomwe limathandizira magwiridwe antchito am'mimba ndikulimbikitsa matumbo. Tomato, amakhalanso ndi antioxidant lycopene, komanso vitamini A, iron ndi potaziyamu.[7].

Malamulo ophikira kuphika ndi potaziyamu

Panthawi yokonza chakudya cha zinthu zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu, kuchuluka kwake kumatayika. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa mchere wa potaziyamu m'madzi. Mwachitsanzo, sipinachi yophika, yomwe madzi ochulukirapo amachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito colander, imakhala ndi potaziyamu yochepera 17% kuposa mtundu wake waiwisi. Ndipo kusiyana kwa potaziyamu pakati pa kabichi yaiwisi ndi yophika ndi pafupifupi 50%[1].

Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala

Monga momwe kafukufuku wazachipatala akuwonetsera, kudya kwa potaziyamu wambiri kumateteza kumatenda angapo okhudza matenda amtima, impso ndi mafupa.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali umboni wochulukirapo wosonyeza kuti kuwonjezera potaziyamu pazakudya kumathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa minofu, thanzi lathunthu komanso kuchuluka kwa kugwa.[10].

kufooka kwa mafupa

Mphamvu zowonjezereka pakukula kwa mchere wamafupa zidadziwika mwa azimayi ali ndi zaka zakubadwa, kutha- komanso kusamba, komanso amuna achikulire, omwe amadya potaziyamu 3000 mpaka 3400 mg patsiku.

Zakudya za potaziyamu (zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba) nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotsegulira za bicarbonate. Ma buffering acidswa amapezeka mthupi kuti akhazikitse acidity. Zakudya zakumadzulo masiku ano zimakonda kukhala acidic (nsomba, nyama, ndi tchizi) komanso zochepa zamchere (zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba). Kulimbitsa thupi pH, mchere wamchere wamchere m'mafupa amatulutsidwa kuti athetse zidulo zomwe zimadya. Kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri ndi potaziyamu kumachepetsa acid yonse pazakudya ndipo zitha kuthandiza kukhalabe ndi calcium yamafupa athanzi.

Chilonda

Madokotala amati kuchepa kwamatenda ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu, monga zikuwunikiridwa ndimaphunziro angapo a miliri.

Ponseponse, umboni ukusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera pang'ono zakudya zomwe muli ndi potaziyamu kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chanu cha sitiroko. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso / kapena potaziyamu wochepa.

Olowa m'malo mwa mchere

Zambiri zamchere zamchere zimakhala ndi potaziyamu chloride m'malo mwa ena kapena sodium chloride yonse mu mchere. Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu muzinthuzi kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana - kuchokera 440 mpaka 2800 mg wa potaziyamu pa supuni ya tiyi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena ayenera kukaonana ndi akatswiri awo azachipatala asanatenge mchere wolowa m'malo chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha hyperkalemia chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu muzakudyazi.[9].

Impso miyala

Pali chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha miyala ya impso pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi calcium yamikodzo yambiri. Itha kuphatikizidwanso ndi kuchepa kwa potaziyamu. Kutuluka kwa calcium kwamikodzo kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndikuwonjezera kudya kwa calcium kapena powonjezera potaziyamu bicarbonate[2].

Potaziyamu nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzakudya zopatsa thanzi monga potaziyamu mankhwala enaake, koma mitundu yambiri imagwiritsidwanso ntchito - kuphatikiza potaziyamu citrate, phosphate, aspartate, bicarbonate, ndi gluconate. Zakudya zowonjezerazo nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu woyambira, osati kulemera kwa potaziyamu yonse. Zakudya zina zowonjezera zimakhala ndi microgram kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu iodide, koma izi zimathandiza ngati mtundu wa ayodini wamchere, osati potaziyamu.

Osati mavitamini / michere yonse yamagetsi imakhala ndi potaziyamu, koma zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo potaziyamu 80 mg. Palinso zowonjezera potaziyamu zokha zomwe zilipo, ndipo zambiri zimakhala ndi 99 mg ya mchere.

Ambiri opanga ndi ogawa zakudya zopatsa thanzi amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu muzinthu zawo ku 99 mg yokha (yomwe ili pafupifupi 3% yokha ya RDA). Mankhwala ena amkamwa omwe ali ndi potaziyamu chloride amaganiziridwa kuti ndi osatetezeka chifukwa amagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa matumbo aang'ono.

Potaziyamu pa mimba

Potaziyamu imathandiza kwambiri kuti madzi ndi ma electrolyte azikhala bwino m'maselo a thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi udindo wotumiza zikhumbo zamitsempha, kuthandiza kupindika kwa minofu. Kuchuluka kwamagazi kumawonjezeka mpaka 50% panthawi yapakati, motero thupi limafunikira ma electrolyte ochulukirapo (sodium, potaziyamu ndi ma chloride oyanjana) kuti akhale ndi mankhwala oyenera amadzimadzi. Ngati mayi wapakati ali ndi zipsinjo zamiyendo mwendo, chimodzi mwazifukwa zingakhale kusowa kwa potaziyamu. Pakati pa mimba, hypokalemia imatha kuwonetsedwa makamaka chifukwa chakuti mayi amataya madzi ambiri m'matenda am'mawa m'miyezi yoyambirira. Hyperkalemia ndiyowopsa nthawi yapakati, chifukwa imatha kubweretsa mavuto amtima. Mwamwayi, sizodziwika pazochitika ndipo zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi impso kulephera, kumwa mowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kwambiri, ndi mtundu wa 1 shuga.[11,12].

Ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka

M'maphikidwe owerengeka, potaziyamu imagwira ntchito yofunikira pochiza matenda amtima, m'mimba, kufooka kwa mafupa, dongosolo lamanjenje ndi impso.

Chithandizo chodziwika bwino chotsutsana ndi matenda ambiri ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (wotchedwa "potaziyamu permanganate"). Mwachitsanzo, asing'anga amamuuza kuti amutenge ngati kamwazi - mkati ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwala. Tisaiwale kuti njirayi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, chifukwa mankhwala osayenera kapena njira yosakanikirana bwino imatha kuyambitsa kuwotcha kwamankhwala.[13].

Folk maphikidwe kutchula kudya potaziyamu wolemera zakudya mavuto a mtima ndi matenda madzi. Chimodzi mwa zinthuzi, mwachitsanzo, ndi njere zomera. Muli ndi mchere wa potaziyamu, komanso zinthu zina zambiri zothandiza[14].

Zaumoyo wa impso, mankhwala azachikhalidwe, mwa zina, amalangiza kudya mphesa zokhala ndi shuga wambiri ndi mchere wa potaziyamu. Ndi njira yabwino yochizira matenda amtima, bronchi, chiwindi, gout, kufooka kwamanjenje komanso kuchepa kwa magazi.[15].

Potaziyamu mu kafukufuku waposachedwa wasayansi

  • Zitsamba, kuphatikizapo cilantro, zimakhala ndi mbiri yakalekale yogwiritsira ntchito ma anticonvulsants mu mankhwala achikhalidwe. Mpaka pano, njira zambiri zofunikira zogwirira ntchito zitsamba sizikudziwika. Kafukufuku waposachedwa, asayansi apeza maselo atsopano omwe amalola kuti cilantro ichedwetse kugwidwa khunyu ndi matenda ena. "Tidapeza kuti cilantro, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala osagwirizana ndi maantibayotiki, imathandizira njira zingapo za potaziyamu muubongo zomwe zimachepetsa kugwidwa," atero a Jeff Abbott, Ph.D., pulofesa wa physiology ndi biophysics ku University of California- Irvine School of Medicine. "Makamaka, tapeza kuti gawo limodzi la cilantro, lotchedwa dodecanal, limamangiriza gawo lina la njira za potaziyamu kuti lizitsegule, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchepa kwamaselo. Kupeza kumeneku ndikofunikira chifukwa kumatha kubweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino cilantro ngati anticonvulsant, kapena kusinthidwa kwa dodecanal kuti apange mankhwala otetezedwa otetezeka komanso othandiza kwambiri. "" Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala ake anticonvulsant, cilantro imakhalanso ndi mwayi wotsutsa khansa. odana ndi yotupa, antifungal, antibacterial, cardioprotective, ndi kupweteka zotsatira, "asayansi anawonjezera. [khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi].
  • Posachedwa, kafukufuku watsopano adafalitsidwa pazomwe zimayambitsa kufa ndi matenda amtima. Asayansi afika pozindikira kuti kusadya mokwanira zamasamba ndi zipatso kumabweretsa chiwonetsero chodabwitsa chaimfa chaka chilichonse - tikulankhula za mamiliyoni a anthu. Zinapezeka kuti pafupifupi milandu 1 mwa 7, imfa ya matenda amtima ndi mitsempha imatha kupewedwa mwa kubweretsa zipatso zokwanira munthawi yake, komanso 1 mwa 12 - mwa kudya masamba. Monga mukudziwa, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano zimakhala ndi nkhokwe ya zinthu zofunikira - fiber, potaziyamu, magnesium, antioxidants, phenols. Zonsezi zimathandizira kuti magazi azikhala ndi magazi komanso amachepetsa cholesterol. Kuphatikiza apo, amasungabe mabakiteriya am'mimba. Anthu omwe amadya ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso zochulukirapo samakhalanso onenepa kapena onenepa kwambiri, ndipo potaziyamu imachita gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri pa izi. Asayansi apeza kuti pofuna kupewa chiopsezo cha matenda amtima, zipatso zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimayenera kudyedwa patsiku ndi magalamu a 300 - omwe ali pafupi maapulo awiri ang'onoang'ono. Ponena za ndiwo zamasamba, payenera kukhala magalamu 400 pa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Komanso, njira yabwino yophika ndi yaiwisi. Mwachitsanzo, kuti akwaniritse zachizolowezi, zidzakhala zokwanira kudya karoti imodzi yaiwisi yayikulu, ndi phwetekere limodzi[17].
  • Ofufuza atha kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa matenda oopsa omwe apezeka posachedwa omwe amayambitsa khunyu mwa ana, kutaya kwa magnesium mkodzo komanso kuchepa kwa luntha. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa majini, ofufuzawo adapeza kuti matendawa adayambitsidwa ndikusintha kwaposachedwa kwamtundu umodzi wamankhwala a sodium potaziyamu otchedwa sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase. Kudziwa zatsopano za matendawa kungatanthauze kuti madotolo mtsogolomu azindikira kuti kusowa kwa magnesium kophatikizana ndi khunyu kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zolakwika zamtundu wa sodium-potaziyamu metabolism.[18].

Kuchepetsa thupi

Pachikhalidwe, potaziyamu sanawonedwe ngati chithandizo chochepetsa thupi. Komabe, pofufuza momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi magwiridwe ake, malingaliro awa amayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono. Potaziyamu imathandizira kuchepetsa thupi kudzera munjira zitatu zazikulu:

  1. 1 Potaziyamu imathandizira kukonza kagayidwe kake ndi mphamvu: imapatsa thupi lathu zinthu zomwe zimafunikira kuti ipereke mphamvu pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo imathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito michere-yolimbikitsa michere - iron, magnesium ndi calcium.
  2. Potaziyamu amathandiza kupeza minofu: Mukaphatikizidwa ndi magnesium, imathandizira kupindika kwa minofu ndikukula. Ndipo minofu ikakhala yolimba, amawotcha mafuta kwambiri.
  3. Potaziyamu imalepheretsa kusungunuka kwamadzimadzi m'thupi: pamodzi ndi sodium, potaziyamu imathandizira kusinthasintha kwamadzimadzi mthupi, kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa ma kilogalamu pamiyeso[20].

Gwiritsani ntchito cosmetology

Potaziyamu nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzodzola zosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito - potassium aspartate, potaziyamu bicarbonate, potaziyamu bromate, potaziyamu castorate, potaziyamu chloride, potaziyamu hydroxide, potaziyamu silicate, potaziyamu sterate, ndi zina zotero. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzodzoladzola, ukhondo wamkamwa ndi tsitsi. . Kutengera pawiri yeniyeni, imatha kukhala ngati chowongolera, chowongolera acidity, antiseptic, stabilizer, emulsifier ndi thickener. Potaziyamu lactate imakhala ndi mphamvu yonyowa chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yomanga mamolekyu amadzi ndi zinthu zowonongeka za amino acid yotchedwa serine. Mankhwala ambiri a potaziyamu pamilingo yayikulu amatha kuyambitsa kuyabwa ndi kuyaka ndipo amatha kuyambitsa khansa [19].

Mfundo Zokondweretsa

  • Potaziyamu nitrate (saltpeter) idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Middle Ages kusunga chakudya.
  • Ku China m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi, potaziyamu nitrate inali gawo la mfuti.
  • Mchere wa potaziyamu amaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza ambiri.
  • Dzina "potaziyamu" limachokera ku liwu lachiarabu "alkali" (zinthu zamchere). M'Chingerezi, potaziyamu amatchedwa potaziyamu - kuchokera ku mawu oti "phulusa" (phulusa kuchokera mumphika), popeza njira yoyamba yopezera mchere wa potaziyamu inali kukonza phulusa.
  • Pafupifupi 2,4% ya kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi ili ndi potaziyamu.
  • Potaziyamu mankhwala enaake, omwe ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwala ochizira hypokalemia, ndi owopsa kwambiri ndipo amatha kupha[21].

Contraindications ndi kusamala

Zizindikiro zakusowa kwa potaziyamu

Potaziyamu wocheperako potaziyamu ("hypokalemia") nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kutayika kwambiri kwa potaziyamu, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kusanza kwanthawi yayitali, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okodzetsa, mitundu ina ya matenda a impso, kapena matenda amadzimadzi.

Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha hypokalemia zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito diuretic, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kusanza kwambiri kapena kutsegula m'mimba, kumwa mopitirira muyeso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, anorexia amanosa kapena bulimia nervosa, kuchepa kwa magnesium, komanso kupindika kwa mtima.

Kudya zakudya zochepa potaziyamu nthawi zambiri sikumayambitsa matenda a hypokalemia.

Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa potaziyamu ya plasma ("hypokalemia") imalumikizidwa ndikusintha kwa kuthekera kwa nembanemba ndi kagayidwe kake ka ma cell; izi zimaphatikizapo kutopa, kufooka kwa minofu ndi kukokana, kuphulika, kudzimbidwa, komanso kupweteka m'mimba. Kuchuluka kwa hypokalemia kumatha kubweretsa kutayika kwa minofu kapena kugunda kwamtima kosasinthasintha, komwe kumatha kupha[2].

Zizindikiro za potaziyamu owonjezera

Mwa anthu athanzi, potaziyamu yochulukirapo kuchokera pachakudya, monga lamulo, sizimachitika. Komabe, mopitirira muyeso, mavitamini ndi zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zimaphatikizapo potaziyamu zitha kukhala zowopsa komanso zathanzi. Kudyetsa mopitilira muyeso zowonjezera ma potaziyamu kumatha kubweretsa matenda a hyperkalemia, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto akutha. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndi mtima wamtima, womwe ungayambitse kumangidwa kwamtima. Kuphatikiza apo, zowonjezera potaziyamu zimatha kuyambitsa vuto la m'mimba. Zizindikiro zina za hyperkalemia zimaphatikizapo dzanzi m'manja ndi m'mapazi, kufooka kwa minofu, komanso kuchepa kwa minofu kugwira ntchito (ziwalo)[2].

Kuyanjana ndi mankhwala

Mankhwala ena amatha kukhudza potaziyamu mthupi. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala omwe amamwa kuti athetse kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kulephera kwa mtima kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a impso kapena mtundu wa 2 wa shuga amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu yemwe amatuluka mumkodzo ndipo, chifukwa chake, amatsogolera ku hyperkalemia. Odzetsa ali ndi zotsatira zofananira. Akatswiri amalangiza kuwunika potaziyamu mwa odwala omwe amamwa mankhwalawa[2].

Tapeza mfundo zofunika kwambiri za potaziyamu m'fanizoli ndipo tikhala othokoza ngati mutagawana chithunzichi pa intaneti kapena paulalo, ndi ulalo wa tsambali:

Magwero azidziwitso
  1. "". Zakudya Zamadzimadzi Zamadzimadzi. Elsevier Ltd, 2003, masamba 655-660. ISBN: 978-0-12-417762-8
  2. Potaziyamu. Gwero la Zowona za Nutri
  3. Watsopano, D. (2000). Potaziyamu. Mu K. Kiple & K. Ornelas (Eds.), The Cambridge World History of Food (pp. 843-848). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CHITANI: 10.1017 / CHOL978052149.096
  4. Linda D. Meyers, Jennifer Pitzi Hellwig, Jennifer J. Otten, ndi Institute of Medicine. "Potaziyamu". Zolemba Zakudya Zakudya: Buku Lofunika Kwambiri Pazofunikira Za Zakudya. Maphunziro a National, 2006. 370-79.
  5. Kuyanjana kwa Vitamini ndi Maminolo: Mgwirizano Wovuta Kwambiri Wofunikira,
  6. Zakudya Zapamwamba Kwambiri za Potaziyamu ndi Momwe Zimakupindulitsirani,
  7. Zakudya Zophatikiza 13 Zomwe Zitha Kukuchepetsani Kutaya Kunenepa,
  8. Ma Combos 7 Omwe Muyenera Kuyeserera Kuti Apeze Thanzi Labwino,
  9. Potaziyamu. Mapepala Owona a Akatswiri a Zaumoyo. Ma National Institutes of Health. Ofesi Yowonjezera Zakudya,
  10. Lanham-New, Susan A et al. (Adasankhidwa) "Potaziyamu." Kupita patsogolo kwa zakudya (Bethesda, Md.) Vol. 3,6 820-1. 1 Novembala 2012, DOI: 10.3945 / an.112.003012
  11. Potaziyamu mukamadya,
  12. Potaziyamu ndi Mimba: Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa,
  13. Complete Encyclopedia of Folk Medicine. Gawo 1. OLMA Media Group. 200.
  14. Great Encyclopedia ya Mankhwala a Anthu. OLMA Media Group, 2009. p. 32.
  15. GV Lavrenova, VD Onipko. Encyclopedia of Folk Medicine. OLMA Media Group, 2003. p. 43.
  16. Rían W. Manville, Geoffrey W. Abbott. Tsamba la Cilantro limakhala ndi potaziyamu yayikulu-yoyambitsa anticonvulsant. FASEB Journal, 2019; fj.201900485R DOI: 10.1096 / fj.201900485R
  17. American Society for Nutrition. "Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amafa ndi mtima chifukwa cha kusadya mokwanira ndipo: Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe amadya kudera, msinkhu komanso jenda." Sayansi Tsiku ndi Tsiku. ScienceDaily, 10 June 2019. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190610100624.htm
  18. Karl P. Schlingmann, Sascha Bandulik, Amayi, Maja Tarailo-Graovac, Rikke Holm, Matthias Baumann, Jens König, Jessica JY Lee, Britt Drögemöller, Katrin Imminger, Bodo B. Beck, Janine Altmüller, Holger Thiele, Siegfried Waldegger, 'H Hoff, Robert Kleta, Richard Warth, Clara DM van Karnebeek, Bente Vilsen, Detlef Bockenhauer, Martin Konrad. Germline De Novo Masinthidwe mu ATP1A1 Chifukwa Renal Hypomagnesemia, Refractory Khunyu, ndi Intellectual Disability. American Journal of Human Genetics, 2018; 103 (5): 808 DOI: 10.1016 / j.ajhg.2018.10.004 (Adasankhidwa) (Cross Ref)
  19. Ruth Zima. Dikishonale ya A Consumer ya Zosakaniza Zodzikongoletsera, Kope lachisanu ndi chiwiri: Zambiri Pamiyeso Yovulaza Ndi Yofunika Yopezedwa mu Zodzoladzola ndi Zodzikongoletsera. Woumba / Kuthamanga Khumi / Mgwirizano / Rodale, 7. Pp 2009-425
  20. Njira Zitatu Potaziyamu Imakuthandizirani Kuchepetsa Kunenepa,
  21. Zambiri za Potaziyamu, gwero
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