Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera
Nkhonya (kuchokera ku Hindi nkhonya - zisanu) ndi gulu la ma cocktails otentha, oyaka, kapena ozizira okhala ndi zipatso zatsopano kapena zamzitini ndi msuzi. Pakati pa zakumwa zoledzeretsa pokonzekera nkhonya pali ramu, vinyo, Grappa, brandy, arrack, claret, mowa, ndi vodka. Pachikhalidwe, chakumwacho chimakonzedwa m'mitsuko yayikulu ndipo chimaperekedwa m'maphwando ndi maphwando. Mphamvu yakumwa imasiyanasiyana kuyambira 15 mpaka pafupifupi 20. ndi shuga wazaka 30 mpaka 40%. Maphikidwe odziwika bwino a nkhonya ndi "Caribbean ramu," "Barbados," ndi "Plantation."
Nkhonya yoyamba idayamba kukonzekera ku India. Munali tiyi, ramu, mandimu, shuga, ndi madzi. Adaphika ndikuwotcha. Oyendetsa sitima yamakampani a tiyi ku Britain koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 17 adakondwera ndi chakumwachi. Anabweretsa nkhonya ku England, komwe imafalikira ku Europe konse. Komabe, ankaphika potengera vinyo ndi burande chifukwa ramu anali wokwera mtengo komanso wosowa. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17, ramu idakhala yotsika mtengo, ndipo chakumwacho chidabwereranso pachikhalidwe chake.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa maphikidwe kudakhala kwakukulu. M'maphikidwe ena, nkhonya shuga imalowedwa m'malo ndi uchi, ndipo amawonjezera zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana ndi zitsamba. Zotsatira zake, mawu oti "nkhonya" adapeza mawonekedwe apanyumba, kuphatikiza zakumwa zofanana.
Popanga nkhonya kunyumba, muyenera kukumbukira zinsinsi zingapo zazikulu:
- muzipangizo za mowa musatsanulire madzi otentha kwambiri - izi zitha kubweretsa kutayika kwa kukoma chifukwa cha volatilization yamafuta ofunikira;
- musanawonjezere madzi akumwa, ayenera kusakanizidwa ndi shuga kapena uchi ndikulola kuziziritsa;
- Kutenthetsa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito vinyo woyenera kuti musatenge mwayi wokhala ndi okosijeni ndi chitsulo;
- chakumwa chomaliza muyenera kutentha mpaka 70 ° C ndikugwiritsanso ntchito magalasi osazizira;
- Zipatso ndi zonunkhira zotsekemera siziyenera kugwera m'galasi.
Chinsinsi cha nkhonya ndichakumwa chochokera ku ramu (botolo limodzi), vinyo wofiira (mabotolo awiri), mandimu ndi malalanje (ma PC awiri), shuga (1 g), zonunkhira (sinamoni, ma clove, ndi zina), ndi madzi (2 l). Madzi ayenera kuwira, kuwonjezera shuga, komanso kuzizira mpaka 2 ° C. chidutswa chimodzi cha zipatso ndipo, pamodzi ndi zonunkhira, onjezerani mkangano pafupi ndi vinyo wofiira wowira. Komanso, tsanulirani madzi atsopano azipatso ziwiri zotsalazo. Vinyo ndi madzi amatsanulira mu mbale yokhomerera. Kuti mupange malo pamwamba pa mbaleyo, mutha kukhazikitsa chopondera ndi ma cubes angapo ashuga, kuwaza ndi ramu ndikuyatsira. Shuga amasungunuka ndikutsika, kuwotcha chakumwa chonse. Thirani mu nkhonya mpaka moto utayaka.
Nkhonya sizapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zina, chifukwa chake zimawerengedwa ngati chakumwa paphwando lokhala ndi zokhwasula-khwasula. Thirani nkhonya mu ladle yapadera 200-300 ml.
Ubwino wokhomerera
Ubwino waukulu wa nkhonya ndikumatha kutentha thupi mutatha kuwonekera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera zizindikiro za chimfine, makamaka nthawi yozizira.
Nkhonya ndi ramu kapena burande zimakhala ndi ethyl mowa, tannins, ndi zinthu zamoyo. Zakumwa izi zimakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi zotupa komanso zotsutsana ndi antioxidant, zimakulitsa chidwi, zimachepetsa mitsempha yamagazi, komanso zimachepetsa zopweteka zazing'ono.
Nkhonya zokhala ndi uchi, kamvekedwe ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu, koma dongosolo lamanjenje losangalala kwambiri, chakumwa ichi chikhala pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, adzakhala ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera ma antibacterial ndi anti-inflammatory.
Timadziti, zipatso, ndi zipatso, monga mankhwala odzaza nkhonya, timakoletsa ndi mavitamini, michere, ndi zinthu zina.
Kuphatikiza pa maphikidwe akumwa zoledzeretsa, mutha kuphika nkhonya zosamwa zoledzeretsa pamadzi a makangaza. Izi zimafuna madzi amchere owala kuthira mu carafe; pamenepo, onjezerani msuzi watsopano wamakangaza awiri okhwima. Lalanje limagawika magawo awiri: limodzi kuti lifinyire msuzi ndi kutsanulira mu decanter, ndipo lachiwiri lidule mu magawo ndikulitumiza ku decanter. Mutha kuwonjezera madzi a mandimu 2 ndi shuga (1-2 tbsp). Nkhonya iyi siyotsitsimutsa komanso ndiyothandiza kwambiri.
Kuvulaza nkhonya ndi zotsutsana
Nkhonya, yomwe imaphatikizapo uchi ndi zonunkhira, iyenera kusamala kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu omwe amadwala chifuwa.
Zakumwa zoledzeretsa zotsutsana ndi amayi apakati, amayi oyamwitsa, ana ochepera zaka 18, komanso anthu omwe amayendetsa magalimoto.
Zosangalatsa
Katswiri wodziwa nkhonya anganene kuti nkhonya yoyenera ili ndi zinthu zisanu. Ndipo adzanena zowona. Koma pang'ono chabe. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, phala lodabwitsa la brandy, madzi otentha, shuga, mandimu, ndi zonunkhira (malinga ndi mtundu wina, m'malo mwa zonunkhira poyamba zinali tiyi) zidapulumutsa oyendetsa sitima aku Britain ku scurvy ndi kukhumudwa ku East India Company. Panali brandy yaying'ono kwambiri, chifukwa chake amayenera kuiwotha moto ndikupanga ma cocktails kuti asachite misala ndikuledzera pang'ono (ngakhale ena oyendetsa sitima amati anabweretsa zonsezi makamaka kuti asungunule brandy). Anthu ambiri mwina awerengapo pa Wikipedia kuti paantsch m'Sanskrit amatanthauza "zisanu."
Chifukwa brandy osati ramu? Ramu sanawonekere mpaka zaka za zana la 18 - oyendetsa sitima sanathe kudikirira zaka 200.
Kulikonse kumene oyendetsa sitima aku Britain amabwera, amakonza nkhonya kuchokera komwe kunali pafupi. Chinsinsi chodziwika chakumwa kuchokera pachilumba cha Bermuda ku Barbados chinali ndi zinthu 4: gawo limodzi la mandimu, magawo awiri a shuga, magawo atatu a ramu, magawo anayi amadzi. Ndi za iye, monga chonchi: "Mmodzi mwa Sour, Awiri a Zokoma, Atatu Olimba, Anayi Ofooka."
Fresco yokhudza nkhonya
Kukhomerera sikunasinthe kuyambira East India Company. Utumiki wokometsera: mbale yayikulu yonyamula, m'nyumba zabwino kwambiri - zopangidwa ndi mapaipi kapena siliva, m'modzi modzichepetsa - wonyezimira, ladle lokhala ndi chogwirira chokongola komanso makapu ambiri kwa onse omwe ali mgululi. Punch mbale, mwa njira, mwina inali mphatso yotchuka kwambiri yaukwati. Pali lingaliro loti musagule chikho nokha m'mabuku ambiri kwa omwe adzakhaleko kunyumba kwawo m'zaka za zana la 19 chifukwa m'modzi mwa achibale adzaperekadi. Bwino mugule ramu wambiri! Ngakhale ali ndi malingaliro ofooka otere, anthu sayenera kuganiza kuti anthu amangogwiritsa ntchito mbale yokhomerera. Mwachitsanzo, Apulotesitanti anabatiza ana awo. Koma osati mu cider, monga zaka mazana angapo zapitazo.
Magazini yotchuka kwambiri yoseketsa komanso yoseketsa ku Britain, yomwe idakhalapo kuyambira 1841 mpaka 2002, idatchedwa Punch. Munali Charles Dickens, yemwe, mwa njira, adakonzekeretsa nkhonya kumaphwando anyumba.
Mu 1930, anyamata atatu aku Hawaii adagwira ntchito mu garaja pazinthu zatsopano za ayisikilimu. Chopambana kwambiri chimakhala ndi zipatso 7 nthawi imodzi: maapulo, mananazi, zipatso zamphesa, malalanje, ma apricot, mapapaya, ndi magwafa (chabwino, bwanji?). Dzino lokoma laling'ono silimagula ayisikilimu tsiku lililonse, chifukwa chake adawonetsa luntha ndikusungunula topping ndi madzi. Akuluakulu omvera ayenera kuchita chimodzimodzi, koma ndi vodka ndi mowa. Komabe, malo ogulitsa ku Hawaii si nkhonya yachikale, koma, titero, mtundu wachikulire wosakanikirana wa ana.
Khomerera mbale
Zoipa za m'ma 90s sizinangokhala ndi ife komanso, mwachitsanzo, ku Bubble Yum. Popeza adayesa zokonda zonse ndi njira zotsatsa, mtundu womwe kale unali kutafuna chingamu sungapikisane ndi zokonda zatsopano. Kenako adatulutsa chingamu chingamu chokhala ku Hawaii ndipo adakhala komweko kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi zina.
Zinapangidwa kulikonse, ngakhale ku USSR. Kungoti sikunali nkhonya. Zowonadi, zakumwa zotsekemera ndi zotsekemera kapena zakumwa zotsekemera ndi mphamvu ya 17-19%. Anaphatikizapo mowa wa ethyl, madzi, msuzi wa zipatso, ndi zonunkhira. Opangawo adalimbikitsa kuyisakaniza ndi tiyi kapena madzi a kaboni, koma zachidziwikire, pafupifupi palibe amene adachita. Zina mwa zonunkhira zinali zotchuka, mwachitsanzo, nkhonya ya "Cherry", komanso "Honeysuckle," "Alice," "Vinyo" wokhala ndi doko ndi kogogo, "Cognac" wokhala ndi mowa, komanso "Assorted (vitaminiized)" wokhala ndi mchiuno. Panali ngakhale "Kyiv" yokhala ndi mandimu komanso "Polisky" wokhala ndi ma cranberries ndi ma currants akuda.
Maiko aku Scandinavia alinso ndi nkhonya - aku Sweden, mwachitsanzo, amatcha kuti bål. Ndipo pali ma liqueurs am'deralo, omwe ma Sweden omwewo pazifukwa zina amatchedwa nkhonya. Ndani ankadziwa kuti nkhonya lenileni linali lofanana ndi palenka wa Gogol kuposa liqueur waku Sweden.
Mkazi akukonzekera nkhonya
A John Steinbeck ali ndi nkhonya ya njoka mu Russian Diary, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Viper punch - "chisakanizo chachikulu cha vodka ndi madzi amphesa - chikumbutso chabwino cha nthawi zamalamulo owuma." Punch wachae waku Korea nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku madzi a persimmon, ginger, ndi sinamoni. Ajeremani amatumizira Feuerzangenbowle pa Khrisimasi - chakumwa cha vinyo wofiira ndi ramu (ramu amathiridwa pamutu wa shuga ndikuyatsa galasi la vinyo).
Ku Brazil, nkhonya ndi kusakaniza vinyo woyera ndi madzi a pichesi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya maphikidwe ku Mexico: nkhonya zachikhalidwe cha ramu ndi agua loca ("madzi openga"), chakumwa chofewa chotchuka kwa ophunzira omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, nzimbe, ndi mezcal kapena tequila.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ku United States, chotchuka ndi nkhonya ya cider - cider yotentha ndi zonunkhira ndi uchi. Oyesera amawonjezera calvados kapena mowa wamadzimadzi pa zakumwa.
