Zakudya zaku Russia

Njira yopangira ndi kukonza zakudya zaku Russia zidatha zaka mazana angapo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, zotchulidwazo zimapezeka m'mabuku azaka mazana ambiri komanso zolemba zakale. Zakale amakonda kukonda za izi mu ntchito zawo zosakhoza kufa. Akatswiri a maphunziro a mbiri yakale anaiphunzira mosamala. Ndipo zonse chifukwa ndizoyambirira komanso zopambana. Kukulitsa sikunangowonetsa miyoyo ya anthu ndi miyambo komanso mbiri. Ndipo nthawi zonse, zimayenda bwino, zimadzazidwa ndi kubwereka, ndikukula.

Masiku ano mawu oti "Russian cuisine" amagwirizana ndi msuzi wa kabichi, zonunkhira zonunkhira komanso bowa wonunkhira, "kulebyaka" onunkhira ndi ma pie, komanso tiyi wapadera waku Samovar.

Koma ngakhale zaka 1000 zapitazo, zonse zinali zochepa modekha…

Mbiri yakukula

Asayansi amadziwika magawo anayi a mapangidwe azakudya zaku Russia, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ndi:

1. Russian Wakale, wazaka zoyambira IX-XVI;
2. 2 wakale Moscow - idagwera m'zaka za XVII;
3. 3 Petrovsky-Ekaterininsky - amatanthauza zaka za XVIII;
4. 4 Petersburg - ikuphatikiza kutha kwa miyambo ya m'zaka za zana la XVIII mpaka zaka za m'ma 60 za XIX.

Nyengo yakale yaku Russia

Ndi mkate ndi ufa mankhwala cholamulidwa. Anthu akale a ku Russia ankalemekeza kwambiri zikondamoyo, zakudya za ufa, ndi ma rye. Komanso, masamba, zipatso, bowa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama ndi nsomba, phala ankatumikira monga kudzazidwa. Kale pa nthawiyo, anthu ankapereka moni kwa alendo okondedwa ndi buledi ndi mchere.

Mwa njira, inali phala ku Russia lomwe limawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha kutukuka. Mawu oti "phala" amatanthauza maphwando akale achi Russia. Pamatebulo aku Russia, nthawi zonse munali phala la balere, balere, ngale ya ngale, oatmeal, oatmeal, kapena phala la mapira.

Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya za nthawi imeneyo zimaphatikizapo masamba ambiri - kabichi, turnips, radishes, nandolo, nkhaka. Apa ankakonda kudya zipatso ndi zipatso. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, uchi unali wofunika kwambiri pakati pa dzino lokoma, kutengera momwe anthu adapangira mankhwala okoma ndi kupanikizana. Ngakhale apo, olandila alendo adaphika mkate wa ginger nawo.

Popeza anthu aku Russia a XI adagwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira: tsamba la bay ndi tsabola wakuda, ma clove, ginger, cardamom, ndi safironi.

Mpaka zaka za XVII-th pano, samadya nyama ndi mkaka. Ndipo ngati atero, ndiye kuti amapanga msuzi wa kabichi ndi gruel kuchokera ku nyama. Amamwa mkaka wokazinga kapena wosaphika, adapanga kirimu wowawasa ndi kanyumba tchizi kuchokera pamenepo, ndipo samadziwa za zonona ndi batala pafupifupi zaka za XVI-th.

Pafupifupi nthawi imodzimodziyo, zakumwa zakumwa zaku Russia zidatulukira - kvass, sider, ndi hop. Mu 1284 opanga mowa adapanga mowa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma XV, vodka weniweni waku Russia idapangidwa kuchokera ku tirigu wa rye.

M'zaka za m'ma XVI-XVII, zakudya zakale za ku Russia zinali ndi Zakudyazi ndi zokometsera, ndikuzibwereka kwa anthu aku Asia.

Old-Moskov

Magawo azakudya adawonetsa zaka za XVII kukhala zomwe anthu amderalo amakonda kudziwa komanso zomwe anthu wamba amakhala okhutira nazo. Ndipo ngati m'mbuyomu kusiyana kumeneku kunali kokha m'gulu la mbale, tsopano adalabadira za mtundu wina. Ndipo zonsezi chifukwa zakudya zatsopano ndi njira zophikira zinayamba kulowa mu zakudya zachikhalidwe.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nyama yowotcha yambiri, yomwe kale imkaonedwa ngati yopanda tanthauzo, idayamba kuwonekera patebulopo. Komanso nyama yankhumba, nyama ya nkhumba, ng'ombe yamphongo, nyama yowotcha yamphongo, masewera, ndi nkhuku. Nthawi yomweyo, kulawa hodgepodge, pickle, ndi zakudya zabwino monga jellied redfish, nsomba zamchere, caviar yakuda.

Komanso, anthu Russian anayamba mwachangu kubwereka mankhwala Astrakhan ndi Kazan khanate, Siberia ndi Bashkiria, amene posachedwapa analowa boma. Izi zinali zoumba, nkhuyu, mavwende ndi mavwende, maapricots, mandimu, ndi tiyi. (Ngakhale kuti mabuku ena amati mandimu anali otchuka m’madera ena kuyambira m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX.) Ndipo akazi ochereza alendo anayamba kutsatira maphikidwe a ma pie okoma, mikate ya gingerbread, jamu zamitundumitundu, ndi maapulo marshmallows. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, omalizawa anali kukonzedwa m'madera ena a Russia kuyambira zaka za m'ma XIV.

Chifukwa chake, zaka za XVII zinali zodabwitsa ndikukula kwa zakudya zachikhalidwe zaku Russia komanso kuphweka kosavuta kwa anthu wamba.

Petrovsko-Ekaterinsky

Pambuyo pa nthawi yakale ya Moscow, nyengo yatsopano inayamba - nthawi ya Peter Wamkulu. Zimasiyana ndi zina chifukwa chobwereka mwachangu miyambo yaku Western yophikira. Ndipo tsopano olemekezeka nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zinthu zakunja ndi maphikidwe a mbale ndi "kulembetsa" kwa ophika akunja. Amalemeretsa zakudya za ku Russia ndi pie, casseroles, rolls, ndi cutlets, kuwonjezera pa mkaka wosadziŵika, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi supu zophwanyidwa ndi kukongoletsa ndi masangweji, batala, ndi tchizi zenizeni za Chidatchi ndi Chifalansa.

Anasinthanso dzina la "msuzi" wakale waku Russia ndi "msuzi" ndipo adaphunzitsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito moyenera - m'miphika kapena miphika yachitsulo.

Zakudya za Petersburg

Nthawi imeneyi inagwirizana ndi kutuluka kwa "zenera ku Europe". Kudzera mwa iwo, mbale zachikhalidwe zachifalansa, Chijeremani, Chitaliyana ndi Chidatchi zidayamba kulowa zakudya zaku Russia. Mwa izi: chops ndi yopanda mafupa, ma escalopes, ophatikizira, nyama, mbatata ndi mbale za phwetekere, zomwe zidangobweretsedwapo panthawiyo, komanso masoseji ndi ma omelets.

Nthawi yomweyo, adayamba kusamala kwambiri patebulo ndikukongoletsa mbale zawo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, masaladi ambiri, mbale zammbali, komanso vinaigrette zidawonekera pokonzekera luso ili.

Chochititsa chidwi panthawiyi ndikuti olemekezeka amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Nsomba, nyama, bowa, ndi ndiwo zamasamba zasintha kwambiri zakudya zaku Russia ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zolemera kwambiri komanso zokoma kwambiri.

Zakudya zaku Russia: masiku athu

M'zaka zotsatira, zakudya zachikhalidwe zaku Russia zidangolemeretsa. Ophika aluso anawoneka, omwe mayina awo ndi otchuka kupitirira malire a dzikolo. Kuyenda kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi, amadziwa ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri wophikira, chifukwa chake amatha kukonza mbale zachilendo kwambiri komanso zoyambirira. Ndipo gwirizanitsani zosagwirizana mu iliyonse ya izi. Mwachitsanzo, ayisikilimu kuchokera ku mkate wa Borodino, foie gras borscht wokhala ndi flambé, masaladi omwera, mwanawankhosa wokhala ndi msuzi wa kvass, khosi la nkhanu ndi masamba a masamba, ndi zina zambiri.

Zosangalatsa za zakudya zaku Russia

Zakudya zaku Russia zakhala zikubwereka zakudya zatsopano komanso miyambo yakunja yakunja kwazaka zambiri. Komabe, izi sizinamulepheretse kukhalabe wosiyana ndi woyambirira. Atalawa tchipisi tokometsera, kupyola pamadzi, ndi julienne, anthu aku Russia sanasinthe zizolowezi zawo.

Ndipo sanataye tirigu ndi msuzi, zomwe pakapita nthawi zinangosiyanasiyana. Sizinasinthe mwambo woperekera chakudya. Monga kale, kwa oyamba, adaphika mbale zotentha - msuzi, borscht, hodgepodge, kapena msuzi wa kabichi. Yachiwiri - mbali mbale ndi nyama kapena nsomba. Ndipo lachitatu - chakumwa chokoma - madzi, compote, chakumwa cha zipatso kapena tiyi. Ndipo adakhalabe m'modzi mwa anthu ochereza kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Njira zazikulu zophikira zakudya zaku Russia:

Ngakhale zakudya za ku Russia zili zolemera komanso zosiyanasiyana, zimadalirabe zakudya zachikhalidwe zodziwika padziko lonse lapansi, monga:

Msuzi wa kabichi.

Amati mbale iyi idapezeka ku Russia m'zaka za zana la IX-th, nthawi yomweyo ngati kabichi. Ndi msuzi wophatikizika. Msuzi wa kabichi unali ndi sorelo, yatsopano kapena sauerkraut, nyama (nthawi zina nsomba kapena bowa), zonunkhira, ndi mavalidwe owawasa potengera kirimu wowawasa kapena kabichi brine. Kuyambira kale, mapangidwe ake sanasinthe, kupatula kuti maluwa a zonunkhira a msuzi wa kabichi adakulitsidwa.

Kulebyak.

Zimasiyana ndi ma pie wamba popanga kudzaza kovuta - mitundu iwiri kapena iwiri ya nyama yosungunuka, yopatukana ndi zikondamoyo zochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, voliyumu yake ndiyofanana pafupifupi theka la kuchuluka kwa mtanda. Kulebyaki koyamba adapangidwa kuchokera ku mtanda wa yisiti ndi zigawo za kabichi, mazira, phala la buckwheat, nsomba yophika, anyezi, kapena bowa ndikukongoletsa anthu apamwamba komanso anthu wamba.

Bokosi.

Chakudya chachikumbutso ndi phala lopangidwa ndi tirigu kapena mpunga wokhala ndi uchi, mbewu za poppy, zoumba, ndi mkaka. Konzekerani ndikutumizidwa madzulo a Khrisimasi ndi Epiphany, nthawi zina pokumbukira. Kutia imachokera m'masiku achikunja pomwe kukumbukira makolo kunalemekezedwa ndi chithandizo chawo. Mwa njira, ku Russia, phala lililonse linali ndi dzina lachiwiri "kholo" la mkate.

Zakudyazi

Ndi pasitala wobwereka yemwe ndiwotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Russia. Zakudyazi zoyambirira zinali Chinese. Iwo adawonekera mu Zakachikwi II BC.

Kissel.

Chakumwa ndi zaka zosachepera 1000. Poyamba, amapangidwa kuchokera ku oats kapena tirigu, kenako kuchokera ku zipatso. Zikumbukiro zake zimapezekanso mu The Tale of Bygone Years.

M'zaka za zana la X. Panthawi yozungulira mzinda wa Belgorod, munayamba njala. Ndipo pomwe anthu akumatawuni anali ataganiza kale zodzipereka, mkulu m'modzi adalamula kuti apeze zotsalira za oats ndi tirigu, apange mafuta odzola ndikuwatsanulira mu mphika womwe udakumbidwa pachitsime ndi nthaka. Wokondedwa uzvar adatsanulira mu mphika wina wotere. Ndipo adapempha ogonjetsa angapo kuti alawe zakudya zabwino za zitsime. Patangopita masiku ochepa, adabwerera, ndikuganiza kuti Amayi Earth adadyetsa anthu aku Russia.

ukha

Ndi mbale yotentha ya nsomba. Dera lirilonse liri ndi njira yake yokonzekera. Mwachitsanzo, ku Don, amakonda msuzi wa nsomba ndi tomato.

Stroganina

Ndi mbale yopangidwa kuchokera ku nsomba zosaphika, zomwe mazira ake atangomangidwa kumene, zomwe amaziphikira ndi shawa wosakaniza ndi tsabola. Wotchuka kwambiri ku Siberia.

Saladi ya Olivier

Ndi mbale ya Chaka Chatsopano yotchedwa Lucien Olivier, yemwe adayambitsa. Chinsinsi cha ku Russia chimakhala ndi soseji wa “Doctor”, mbatata zophika, mazira owiritsa, nkhaka zouma, nandolo wobiriwira, kaloti wophika, mayonesi, ndi zitsamba.

Tiyi wochokera ku samovar.

Amanena kuti chakumwa choterechi chinali ndi kukoma kwapadera, komwe adakwanitsa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito samovar yomwe, chifukwa cha umodzi wabanja, womwe udasonkhana mu gazebo kapena pakhonde kuti ulawe.

Miyendo

Ma pie ophika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodzaza - nsomba, nyama, kaloti, mazira, anyezi, ndi mpunga ndi timabowo tating'ono pamwamba.

Kuzifutsa bowa ndi pickles

Ndiwo chakudya chokoma chomwe chakhalapo kwazaka mazana angapo.

Vinaigrette

Ndi chakudya chaku Russia chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku beets, mbatata, kaloti, nandolo wobiriwira, zipatso, anyezi, mafuta a masamba, ndi zonunkhira, ngakhale zidabwerekedwa.

Zakudya za ginger

Izi ndi zinthu za ufa zomwe zimachokera ku Old Russian nthawi.

Apple marshmallow mu zakudya zaku Russia

Ndi chakudya chokoma chomwe chakonzedwa kuyambira zaka za XIV-th ndi uchi ndi maapulo. Maphikidwe amakono amakonzedwa kwambiri ndipo atha kukhala ndi sinamoni, zipatso, ndi zina zambiri.

Mkate ndi mchere ndizothandiza.

Ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro cha zakudya zaku Russia. Lero likuyimira kuchereza alendo. Ndipo m'nthawi zakale, idalumikizidwa ndi tanthauzo lamatsenga. Mkate umatanthauza kulemera komanso moyo wabanja, ndipo mchere umateteza ku mavuto ndi nyengo yoipa. 

Msuzi.

M'malo mwake, uwu ndi chakudya chadziko lonse chaku Russia. Poyamba, inali masamba okhaokha; pambuyo pake, adayamba kuwonjezera nyama. Masiku ano, pali msuzi wambiri wosiyanasiyana.

Kuzifutsa maapulo

Izi ndi mtundu wa zipatso zokometsera. Iwo anali otchuka zaka mazana angapo zapitazo.

Sauerkraut ndi chakudya chotengedwa kuchokera ku nayonso mphamvu ya kabichi. Anthu amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zake zonse zopindulitsa zimasungidwa mmenemo.

Zosangalatsa kudziwa:

• Mbale inapezeka ku Russia m'zaka za zana la XNUMXth. Zisanachitike, chakudya chamadzimadzi chimapatsidwa mbale imodzi yayikulu, pomwe banja lonse limadyera. Zakudya zonenepa, komanso nyama ndi nsomba, zinali pamwamba pa zidutswa zazikulu za mkate.
• Amatsatira mosamalitsa malamulo amakhalidwe patebulopo
• . Pa nthawi ya chakudyacho, munthu samatha kuseka, kuyankhula mokweza kapena kuponya chakudya. Pambuyo pake, pali kufotokozera kumodzi - ulemu wa munthu waku Russia pachakudya.
• Uvuni weniweni waku Russia umakhala ndi malo apadera mu zakudya zaku Russia. Popeza idakhalapo pafupifupi zaka 3000, yakwanitsa kuchita ntchito zambiri. Ankaphika chakudya mmenemo, moŵa wofululira ndi kvass, zipatso zouma m'nyengo yozizira, ankatenthetsa nazo nyumba, kugona nazo, ndipo nthawi zina amathiramo moto m'bokosi lalikulu, ngati kusamba.
• Ndi uvuni womwe umapatsa mbale zaku Russia kulawa kwapadera. Adawona kutentha kwina mmenemo komanso kutentha kofananira kuchokera mbali zonse. Tcheru chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mbale - miphika yadothi ndi chitsulo chosanja, chomwe chimasiyana m'munsi ndi khosi. Yotsirizirayi idapereka kukoma kwabwino, kununkhira kodabwitsa, komanso kuteteza zakudya zonse zophika zophika.
• M'masiku akale, tebulo laku Russia nthawi zonse limakutidwa ndi nsalu yoyera patebulo komanso yokongoletsedwa ndi buledi ndi mchere. Zinali ngati chizindikiro kuti alendo alandiridwa mnyumba.