Zamkatimu
Imodzi mwa njira zodziwika kwambiri zophikira nsomba ndi nyama ndi salting. Chifukwa cha njira yophikirayi, chakudyacho chimakhala chosagwirizana ndi mabakiteriya. Kuonjezera apo, pali kuchedwa kwa njira za enzymatic, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi la nyama ndi nsomba. Alumali moyo wa mankhwala zimadalira kuchuluka kwa mchere mu yomalizidwa mankhwala.
Chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha mchere ndi nsomba zomwe zimakhala ndi mafupa ang'onoang'ono, omwe amaletsa kuvulala mukamadya nsomba zamchere, ndipo ndibwino kusankha nyama yopanda mafuta kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, zidzawonjezera nthawi yophika.
Kutsitsa mchere ndi nyama
Nsomba ndi nyama kazembe wagawidwa mitundu iwiri: youma ndi yonyowa. Dry salting ndi njira yophikira mbale za nyama ndi nsomba, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi mchere wambiri. Pankhaniyi, mcherewo umatenga chinyezi kuchokera pamwamba ndikulowa mkati. Ponena za mchere wonyowa, umaphatikizapo kusunga nsomba ndi nyama mu brine, zomwe mankhwalawa amatulutsa panthawi ya salting.
Kazembe wa nsomba
Kuti nsombayo ikhale yokonzeka kuthirira mchere, iyenera kutsukidwa pamiyeso ndi m'matumbo. Zokonzekera zonse zikamalizidwa, ndi nthawi yoti muyambe kuthira mchere.
Nsomba zamchere zimatha kuthiridwa mchere pang'ono ngati zili ndi mchere pafupifupi 10 peresenti, komanso mchere wambiri ngati zili ndi mchere wopitilira 20%. Njira yonyowa nthawi zambiri imakhala yamchere yamchere, nsomba, rudd, podleschik, pike yaing'ono ndi nsomba zina zolemera mpaka 0,5 kilogalamu. Njira youma ndiyoyenera nsomba zazikulu zolemera kuposa 1 kilogalamu.
Kuthira nsomba m'madzi: nsomba zimayikidwa m'mizere yambiri mchidebe. Mbali iliyonse imakonkhedwa bwino ndi mchere ndi zonunkhira. Kenako bwalo lapadera kapena chivindikiro chimayikidwa pamwamba pa nsomba, ndipo pamwamba pake pali kuponderezana, mwachitsanzo, mwala wosambitsidwa bwino ndikuthira madzi otentha. Kuzizira, nsomba imathiridwa mchere kwa masiku atatu. Kenako akhathamiritsa ndi kuyanika.
Kwa kuyanika kapena kuyanika kotsatira, nsomba zimasankhidwa monga nkhosa yamphongo, pike perch, roach, yaz, salimoni, eel, bream ndi mitundu ina yomwe kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumayenera kukhala kotero kuti ikauma nsomba imakhala yowonekera.
Kazembeyo amasunga nsomba mu brine. Brine amapangidwa pamlingo wa magalamu 100 amchere pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Kuviika kumatenga maola 3 mpaka 10, kutengera kukula kwa nsombazo. Kenako nsombayo imachotsedwa mu yankho, ndikupukutidwa, kumangirizidwa ndi chingwe ndikupachikidwa kuti iume.
Kuti nsombazi ziume posachedwa, ndikusunga zonse zofunikira, ndikofunikira kuti ziume mphepo. Izi zitha kuchitika mwina popachika nsombazo kutalika kwa mita 2 penapake pazotentha, kapena polemba nokha. Kuti izi zitheke, nsombazo ziyenera kuikidwa mumtambo wamphepo, kumapeto kwake komwe kuyikapo zimakupiza zamphamvu zokhala ndi chowumitsira tsitsi. Poterepa, nthawi yofunsira iyenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
Mukamaumitsa, chinyezi chakumtunda chimakwera pamwamba pang'onopang'ono, pomwe mchere umalowa m'malo akuya. Ngati muumitsa nsomba mwa njira yoyamba - mu mphepo, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zofunikira kuziteteza ku ntchentche ndi mavu. Woyamba amatha kuikira mazira pa nsomba, pomwe womalizirayo amangodya nsomba zanu, ndikungotsala mafupa okhaokha.
Kazembe wa nyama
Nyama yamchere imakonda kwambiri m'mayiko a Central Asia, ngakhale kuti m'midzi anthu amakumbukiranso maphikidwe akale awa. Zakudya zofala kwambiri zimaphatikizapo basturma, sujuk ndi ng'ombe ya chimanga, komanso nyama youma (yoyenda).
Ng'ombe zambewu zimakonzedwa motere: Nyama imadulidwa mzidutswa tating'ono ndikuwaza bwino ndi mchere ndi zonunkhira, kenako imayikidwa mu chidebe chokonzedwa ndikusungidwa kuzizira pafupifupi milungu itatu, mosakanizika nthawi ndi nthawi. Kenako nyamayo amaipachika kuti iume ndikuisunga mlengalenga kwa mlungu umodzi.
Pakuthira mchere nyama ndikumayanika pambuyo pake, mankhwalawo amadulidwa mu mbale 1,5-2 cm. Kenako chidutswa chilichonse chimayikidwa, ndikufanizira ndi nsomba, zimathira mchere mosamala. Nthawi zambiri, ikathira mchere nyama, zonunkhira zimathiridwa pamchere, womwe, chifukwa cha mcherewo, umalowerera mnofuwo. Zotsatira zake, imapeza kununkhira komanso fungo labwino kuposa nyama yamchere yokha. Nyama itapatsidwa mchere wokwanira, mutha kuyanika.
Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma grates ofanana ndi a kanyenya. Nyama isanayikidwe pama grate, imayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi owonjezera. Ndi bwino kuyika ma grilles mkati mwa kabati yazitsulo yokhala ndi chowotchera mpweya ndi hood. Chifukwa cha izi, nyamayo sidzajambulidwa ndipo idzauma mwachangu kwambiri. Nyama youma ndiyabwino chifukwa imatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali osataya kukoma ndi thanzi.
Nyamayo ikauma mokwanira kuti imveke ngati ikumenya makatoni mukaimenya, mutha kuyiyika kuti isungidwe. Ndi bwino kusunga nyama zouma, komanso nsomba, mumitsuko yotsekedwa kwambiri yamagalasi. Ndi bwino kusankha malo amdima, owuma osungira chakudya. Mwa mawonekedwe awa, nsomba zouma ndi nyama zimatha kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino kwa zaka 2,5-3.
Zothandiza za nsomba zamchere ndi nyama
Ubwino wa nyama ndi nsomba zokhala ndi mchere wambiri umaphatikizapo moyo wawo wautali. Zakudya izi zimatha kukhala zatsopano kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Chifukwa cha izi, anthu omwe akupita paulendo amatha kupatsidwa mapuloteni okwanira kwa nthawi yayitali. Chinthu china chabwino cha nsomba zamchere ndi nyama ndi chakuti pokonzekera supu ndi msuzi wa nsomba, simukusowa kuwonjezera mchere, chifukwa zili kale muzinthuzi.
Katundu wachitatu wabwino ndi kukoma kwawo kodabwitsa; zinthu zoterezi zimasiyanitsa tebulo bwino. Inde, ngati ali okonzeka bwino ndi kuchotsa owonjezera mchere pamaso ntchito, ntchito ndondomeko akuwukha kwa theka la ola mkaka kapena madzi.
Zowopsa za nsomba zamchere ndi nyama
Pazinthu zoyipa zamchere, zimadalira kuti mchere umatha kusunga chinyezi m'thupi. Zotsatira zake, anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amadya nyama yang'ombe yomwe ili chimanga amadwala kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Komanso, mchere nsomba ndi nyama ali osavomerezeka kwa anthu amene ali ndi vuto la m`mimba thirakiti, komanso ndi mtima dongosolo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa, kuwonjezera pa kukweza magazi, mchere ukhozanso kusokoneza mayamwidwe a potaziyamu. Ndipo, monga mukudziwa, potaziyamu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za m'mimba ndi mtima.
Kuonjezera apo, nsomba zamchere zamchere ndi nyama zomwe zimagulidwa m'masitolo ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi chopanda thanzi zingayambitse matenda, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa saltpeter ndi zina zotetezera m'zakudya. Ndipo mchere wamchere, nkhosa yamphongo ndi nkhumba nthawi zina zimakhala chifukwa cha helminthic invasions.