Zamkatimu
Chifukwa chake chilimwe chidali chaphokoso ndi mitundu yowala, chivwende cha Ogasiti chidatha ndipo Seputembara idadikirira kuti tidzacheze. Ngati kwa okhala kumpoto chakumadzulo, amalumikizidwa ndi mwezi woyamba wa nthawi yophukira, ndiye kuti kumwera kwa hemisphere ndiye wolengeza masika. Tiyeni tipumule pang'ono ndikudandaula za zisangalalo za chilimwe ndikuthamangira molimba mtima kukakumana ndi Tsiku la Chidziwitso, nyengo ya velvet, kuchuluka ndi chithumwa cha "chilimwe cha India".
September adachokera ku Latin septem (zisanu ndi ziwiri) chifukwa unali mwezi wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa kalendala yakale ya Chiroma (kalendala ya Kaisara isanachitike). Asilavo amamutcha "Heather", Polemekeza nthenda yomwe ikukula panthawiyi, kapena Ryuin (kubangula), chifukwa mwezi uno nyengo yophukira idayamba, yomwe" idabangula "kunja kwazenera.
Mu Seputembala, Chaka Chatsopano cha Slavic kapena Chaka Chatsopano cha Tchalitchi chimayamba (Seputembara 14), ndiye kuti, poyambira chaka chatsopano cha Tchalitchi ndi tchuthi chake (woyamba wa iwo ndi phwando la Kubadwa kwa Wopatulikitsa Theotokos).
M'dzinja, timatsatira mfundo za zakudya za nyengo, zomwe zimalamulidwa ndi anzeru aku China. Mwakutero, pokonzekera zakudya mu Seputembala, timaganizira zodziwika bwino za nyengo ino ndikusankha zinthu zomwe ndi zachikhalidwe mdera lathu.
Savoy kabichi
Ndi ya mbewu zamasamba ndipo ndi imodzi mwamasamba kabichi wam'munda. Ili ndi mitu ikuluikulu ya kabichi, koma mosiyana ndi kabichi yoyera, ili ndi masamba obiriwira oderako.
Dziko lakwa Savoy kabichi ndi dera la Savoy ku Italy. Tsopano ndi yotchuka kwambiri ku USA ndi mayiko a Western Europe. Ku Russia, adayamba kumera kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, komabe, kabichi ya Savoy sinakhale yogawidwa kwambiri mdziko lathu, ngakhale momwe imakhalira yaiwisi kukoma kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake azakudya ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa kabichi yoyera.
Mitundu iyi ya kabichi ndi ya zakudya zochepa - 28 kcal okha.
Zina mwazinthu zofunikira za kabichi ya savoy, ziyenera kuzindikiridwa ndi vitamini C, E, A, B1, PP, B6, B2, mchere wa potaziyamu, phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, sodium, shuga, protein, fiber, phytoncides, mafuta a mpiru, chitsulo , carotene, ash ash, thiamine, riboflavin, amino acids, carbohydrate ndi pectin zinthu, glutathione, ascorbigen, mannitol mowa (ndi omwe amalowetsa shuga m'malo mwa anthu ashuga).
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kabichi ya savoy ndimphamvu yachilengedwe yothandizira antioxidant, ndiye kuti, imathandiza kuteteza thupi ku matenda am'mimba, kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kumateteza kukalamba kwa cell, kuyendetsa dongosolo lamanjenje, kumalepheretsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, kumalepheretsa Kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumakhala ndi diuretic katundu, kumangotengedwa mosavuta ndi thupi komanso kothandiza pazakudya za odwala matenda ashuga.
Pophika, savoy kabichi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza saladi, msuzi, borscht, kabichi yodzaza ndi nyama, monga kudzaza ma pie ndi casseroles.
Kaloti
Ndi chomera chobiriwira chomwe chimakhala cha banja la Umbrella (kapena Selari). Zimasiyana chifukwa mchaka choyamba chakukula kwake, rosette ya masamba ndi mizu imapangidwa, ndipo chachiwiri - chitsamba chambewu ndi mbewu.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti poyamba kaloti ankalima kokha chifukwa cha mbewu ndi masamba onunkhira, ndipo m'zaka za zana la XNUMXst zokha. ne (kuweruza kuchokera kumabuku akale) adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito muzu wake masamba, omwe poyambirira anali ofiirira.
Tsopano padziko lapansi pali mitundu yoposa 60 ya kaloti, imagawidwa kumayiko onse, kupatula ku Antarctica.
Kaloti imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza: vitamini B, C, PP, K, E, beta-carotene (osandulika vitamini A m'thupi), mapuloteni, chakudya, michere (magnesium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, cobalt, chitsulo, mkuwa, zinc, ayodini, chromium, fluorine, faifi tambala), mafuta ofunikira, phytoncides, pectins.
Kaloti amalangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito kulimbitsa diso la diso (ndiye kuti, ndi myopia, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, khungu lakhungu), ndikutopa thupi kofulumira, kuthandizira mamina, khungu. Komanso kaloti ndi othandiza pa kuchepa kwa vitamini A, hypovitaminosis, matenda a chiwindi, dongosolo la mtima, m'mimba, impso, polyarthritis, matenda amchere amchere, kuchepa magazi, colitis, zotupa zoyipa, matumbo a dysbiosis, nephritis, dermatitis ndi matenda ena apakhungu. Ili ndi diuretic komanso zolimbitsa thupi choleretic, imathandizira magwiridwe antchito, imathandizira pakhungu lama cell ndikuletsa zotupa, imalimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje, imathandizira kuteteza thupi, imatsuka thupi ndikuisunga kuti igwire ntchito.
Kaloti amakonzedwa ngati chodziyimira pawokha kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera pamaphunziro osiyanasiyana oyamba ndi achiwiri, sauces.
Biringanya
Alinso ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la sayansi. Nightshade wobala mdima, komanso amatchedwa ambiri biringanya, mabulosi abuluu ndi "buluu"… Biringanya ndi therere losatha lokhala ndi masamba akulu, owazira, owuma ndi ofiirira, maluwa ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Chipatso cha biringanya ndi mabulosi akulu owoneka ngati peyala, ozungulira kapena ozungulira okhala ndi khungu lowala kapena la matte. Mtunduwo umakhala wachikasu mpaka utoto wobiriwira.
Dziko lakwawo la biringanya ndi Middle East, South Asia ndi India. Zomera izi zidabwera ku Africa m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, ku Europe - m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, komwe zimalimidwa mwachangu kuyambira zaka za m'ma XNUMX.
Biringanya yaiwisi ndi mafuta ochepa omwe ali ndi kcal 24 okha pa ma gramu XNUMX.
Biringanya ali ndi shuga, zolimba, mafuta, mapuloteni, potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium, sodium, sulfure, phosphorous, bromine, aluminium, chlorine, chitsulo, molybdenum, ayodini, zinc, mkuwa, fluorine, cobalt, vitamini B6, B1, B9, B2 , C, PP, P, D, pectin, CHIKWANGWANI, organic zidulo. Ndipo pang'ono pang'ono, mankhwala owopsa ngati "solanine M".
Biringanya amachotsa mafuta ochuluka m'thupi, amaletsa matenda a atherosclerosis, cholelithiasis, matenda amtima, amalimbikitsa hematopoiesis, amakhala ndi bakiteriya, komanso amatulutsa matumbo. Komanso tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito matenda a impso ndi matenda a shuga, edema ndi gout.
Zakudya zamitundu yonse zakonzedwa kuchokera ku biringanya, mwachitsanzo: biringanya zophikidwa ndi tomato; zamzitini biringanya mu mafuta; masikono a biringanya; biringanya julienne; Greek moussaka ndi biringanya; wokutidwa ndi biringanya nyama; hodgepodge ndi biringanya; mphodza wa masamba; caviar; biringanya zokazinga kapena zophika ndi masamba ndi mbale zina zambiri.
Horseradish
Amatanthauza herbaceous osatha zomera ku banja kabichi. Imasiyana pakati pa "anzawo" (mpiru, watercress ndi radish) mumizu yayikulu, yayikulu, yolimba ndi tsinde lanceolate, lolozera kapena lakuthwa konsekonse.
Chomera chonunkhira ichi chinali chodziwika kwa Aigupto akale, Aroma ndi Agiriki, omwe amawona kuti ndizotheka osati kungolimbikitsa chilakolako, komanso kuyambitsa mphamvu zofunikira m'thupi.
Horseradish ili ndi fiber, phytoncides, mafuta ofunikira, vitamini C, B1, B3, B2, E, B6, folic acid, macro- and microelements (potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium, sodium, chitsulo, phosphorous, manganese, mkuwa, arsenic), shuga , amino acid, lysozyme (bactericidal protein substance), mankhwala opangidwa ndi organic, sinigrin glycoside (wosweka kukhala mafuta a allyl mpiru), enzyme ya myrosin.
Horseradish ili ndi bakiteriya, imathandizira kudya, imathandizira kutulutsa kwa m'mimba, imakhala ndi antiscorbutic, expectorant ndi choleretic, imalepheretsa kukula kwa caries. Ndi bwino njira zosiyanasiyana zotupa, matenda a chiwindi, chikhodzodzo, chimfine, matenda am'mimba, gout, matenda akhungu, rheumatism ndi sciatica.
Pophika, mizu ya horseradish imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira msuzi, womwe umaperekedwa ndi nsomba ndi nyama yozizira, saladi wa masamba.
Masamba odulidwa bwino a Horseradish amagwirizana bwino ndi msuzi wozizira (masamba ndi bowa okroshka, botvinia), amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthira mchere, pickling ndi pickling nkhaka, tomato, zukini, kabichi komanso gooseberries.
Nkhuyu
Amatchulanso mtengo wamkuyu, mtengo wamkuyu, mabulosi a vinyo, mkuyu, mabulosi a Smurna kapena nkhuyu - ficus wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi khungwa la imvi losalala ndi masamba akulu obiriwira obiriwira. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a Nondescript amasandulika ngati infarsecence woboola pakati wonyezimira wokhala ndi khungu locheperako, tsitsi laling'ono ndi mbewu. Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nkhuyu zimakhala zachikasu, zachikasu zobiriwira kapena zakuda buluu.
Nkhuyu zimachokera kudera lamapiri la Caria - chigawo chakale cha Asia Minor. Masiku ano, nkhuyu zimalimidwa ku Caucasus, Central Asia, Crimea, Georgia, Absheron Peninsula, mayiko aku Mediterranean, madera akumapiri a Armenia, madera ena a Azerbaijan, pagombe la Abkhazia ndi Krasnodar Territory.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, malinga ndi Baibulo, anali ndi tsamba la mkuyu (tsamba la mkuyu) kuti Adamu ndi Eva adaphimba umaliseche wawo atalawa apulo kuchokera ku mtengo wodziwitsa.
Nkhuyu zili ndi chitsulo, mkuwa, calcium, magnesium, potaziyamu, fiber, ficin, vitamini A, B, 24% shuga wosaphika ndi 37% zouma.
Zipatso za mkuyu zimakhala ndi antipyretic ndi diaphoretic, laxative effect, imathandizira matenda am'mimba ndi impso, imalimbikitsa kugwilitsa magazi komanso kusungunuka kwamitsempha yamagazi, kuthetsa kugunda kwamphamvu kwa mtima. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwaphatikiza pazakudya zamatenda amtima, matenda oopsa komanso kuperewera kwa venous, zilonda zapakhosi, chimfine, kutupa kwa nkhama ndi njira yopumira. Mkuyu umalimbana ndi matsire, kunenepa kwambiri, kutsokomola, kupsinjika, kumakulitsa njala.
Pophika, "mabulosi a vinyo" amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, owuma komanso owuma pophika, maswiti, ma sorbets, ma syrups, kupanikizana, kupanikizana, komanso kuteteza. Gourmets amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuyu mu mbale zopangidwa ndi nsomba, nyama kapena tchizi (mwachitsanzo, kuyika nsomba ndi nkhuyu kapena kuphika tchizi nayo).
Peyala
Ndi mtengo wazipatso wabanja la Rosaceae, lomwe limafika kutalika kwa 30 m ndipo limasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ozungulira ndi maluwa akulu oyera oyera. Zipatso za peyala ndizazikulu, zazitali kapena zozungulira, zobiriwira, zachikasu kapena zofiira.
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mapeyala kumapezeka mu ndakatulo zaku China zolembedwa zaka chikwi nthawi yathu ino isanakwane. Komanso, panali zikumbutso zakale zachi Greek zomwe chipatsochi chimatchulidwanso, ndipo a Peloponnese amatchedwa "Dziko la mapeyala".
Pakadali pano, mitundu yopitilira chikwi ya peyala imadziwika padziko lapansi, koma awa siwo malire a obereketsa omwe amapereka mitundu yatsopano ya zipatso chaka chilichonse.
Chipatso ichi ndi cha zakudya zonenepetsa, chifukwa mu mawonekedwe ake opyapyala ali ndi 42 kcal pa magalamu zana, koma mu mawonekedwe owuma peyala imakhala ndi kalori wokwera - kale 270 kcal.
Asayansi apeza zinthu zambiri zothandiza mu peyala: fiber, sucrose, glucose, fructose, carotene, folic acid, iron, manganese, ayodini, potaziyamu, mkuwa, calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorous, fluorine, zinc, molybdenum, ash, pectins , organic acid, vitamini A, B3, B1, B5, B2, B6, C, B9, P, E, PP, tannins, antibiotic arbutin, biologically active zinthu, mafuta ofunikira.
Peyala imakhala ndi maantimicrobial ndi bactericidal kanthu, imathandizira kagayidwe kake, imathandizira kaphatikizidwe ka maselo athanzi lamagazi, imathandizira pantchito yamtima ndi minofu, imathandizira kutsitsa cholesterol, imathandizira kugaya, imalimbikitsa impso ndi chiwindi. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiziphatikiza pazakudya zamankhwala zopweteketsa mtima, kukhumudwa, chizungulire, prostatitis, kutupa kwa chikhodzodzo ndi impso, kufooka kwa kapamba, kutopa, kusowa kwa njala, kuchiritsa mabala ndi ziphuphu, mantha , kusowa tulo ndi matenda ena.
Nthawi zambiri, peyala imadyedwa mwatsopano, imathanso kuyanika, kuphika, zamzitini, kupanga ma compote ndi timadziti, kuteteza, marmalade ndi kupanikizana.
Mabulosi abulu
Amatchedwanso chidakwa kapena gonobel - ndi shrub yovuta ya banja la Heather la mtundu wa Vaccinium, imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi zopindika zosalala ndi buluu wokhala ndi pachimake cha bluish, zipatso zokometsera zokoma. Mabulosi abuluu amakula m'nkhalango, lamba wapamwamba wamapiri, tundra, m'madambo ndi zigamba za peat m'zigawo zonse za kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi komwe kuli kozizira komanso kotentha.
Zimatanthawuza zazakudya zomwe zili ndi kalori yotsika - 39 kcal yokha.
Ma blueberries ali ndi phyllochionine (vitamini K1), benzoic, citric, malic, oxalic ndi acetic acid, fiber, mitundu ya pectin ndi tannins, carotene, provitamin A, ascorbic acid, mavitamini B, flavonoids, vitamini PK, PP, amino acid ofunikira.
Mabulosi abuluu amadziwika ndi zinthu zapadera: amateteza ku ma radiation, amalimbitsa mitsempha ya magazi, amawongolera kugwira ntchito kwa mtima, amakhala ndi thanzi la kapamba ndi matumbo, amachepetsa ukalamba wa mitsempha ndi ubongo. Komanso mabulosi abulu amakhala ndi choleretic, antiscorbutic, cardiotonic, antisclerotic, anti-inflammatory and hypotensive effect. Ndibwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito matenda oopsa, atherosclerosis, capillary toxicosis, zilonda zapakhosi, malungo, rheumatism, kamwazi, matenda ashuga, kuti mubwezeretse masomphenya, kuonjezera magazi kugwirana ndi kuyambitsa (kukhalabe) ndi thanzi,
Kawirikawiri, mabulosi abulu amadyedwa mwatsopano, ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga kupanikizana ndi vinyo.
Zakudya za oatmeal
Ndicho chofunikira kwambiri mu oatmeal (oatmeal), chomwe chimapezeka kuchokera ku oats pochita utsi, kusenda ndikuwapera. Nthawi zambiri oatmeal amakhala ndi utoto wachikaso ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso potengera mtundu wake, ndiye woyamba komanso wapamwamba kwambiri.
Oatmeal imakhala ndi antioxidants, phosphorous, calcium, biotin (vitamini B), potaziyamu, chitsulo, magnesium, sodium, zinc, vitamini B1, E, PP, B2, beta-glucan.
Oatmeal mankhwala kuwonjezera mphamvu ya thupi kukana zotsatira za chilengedwe ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kupewa magazi m`thupi, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha chigoba dongosolo, kusintha khungu khungu, kuchepetsa mafuta m`thupi, ndi kusunga mulingo woyenera kwambiri shuga. Oatmeal ali odana ndi yotupa ndi enveloping tingati kutsuka ndi kumapangitsa m`mimba thirakiti, kupewa kupitirira kwa gastritis ndi zilonda zam`mimba, tikulimbikitsidwa ululu ndi bloating, dermatitis.
Tonsefe timakumbukira mawu odziwika a Berimor (woperekera chikho kuchokera mu kanema "Galu wa Baskervilles") "Oatmeal, bwana!". Koma ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti kuwonjezera pa oatmeal, phala iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ma phala a viscous, supu yosenda, nsuzi zazing'ono ndi mkaka, casseroles.
Nsawawa
Mayina ena - nandolo, nakhat, nandolo za mutton, chithuza, shish - ndi chomera chokhazikika cha banja la legume, chomwe chimakhalanso mgulu la nyemba. Nkhuku zambiri zimabzalidwa ku Middle East chifukwa cha mbewu zawo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mbeu za Chickpea zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana (kuyambira yachikaso mpaka yakuda) ndipo kunja zimawoneka ngati mutu wamphongo ndi mlomo wa mbalame. Amakula chidutswa chimodzi mpaka zitatu pod.
Nkhuku zimalimidwa ku Eastern Europe, dera la Mediterranean, East Africa, Central Asia (komwe zimachokera) ndi India.
Mbewu za Chickpea zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, vitamini B2, A, B1, B6, BXNUMX, C, PP, potaziyamu, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, malic ndi oxalic acid, methionine ndi tryptophan.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mbale za chickpea kumathandiza kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi, kuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira, kukonza magazi komanso kulimbitsa minofu ya mafupa. Zimalimbikitsidwanso kupewa matenda a mtima ndi mtima, kusakhazikika kwa chimbudzi, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi, komanso kuteteza maso kumaso.
Chickpeas amadya yokazinga ndi yophika, yogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza masaladi, zophika ndi zakudya zamzitini. Nkhuku zouma zimaphatikizidwa ku ma cocktails a vitamini, supu ndi pates.
Zander
Ndi wa banja la a Perch. Zimasiyana chifukwa zimakhala ndi thupi lopanikizika pambuyo pake, lokhathamira lokhala ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono, masana pamafupa a gill, pakamwa lalikulu ndi nsagwada zazitali ndi mano angapo ang'onoang'ono, komanso mano. Zander ndi imvi wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mimba yoyera komanso mikwingwirima yakuda yakuda.
Malo okhala zander ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja zokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira m'madzi. Amakhala mozama pansi ndi mchenga kapena dongo losalimba.
Nyama ya pike yokhala ndi vitamini B2, A, B1, B6, C, B9, PP, E, protein, mafuta, calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorous, potaziyamu, sulfure, chlorine, zinc, iron, ayodini, manganese, mkuwa, fluorine , chromium, cobalt, molybdenum ndi faifi tambala.
Pike nsomba amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga msuzi wa nsomba ndi masaladi, amatha kuphikidwa mu uvuni kapena wokazinga, wokazinga, wokutidwa, wamchere, wopota, wouma, wowiritsa kapena wophika.
Bream
Nsomba za banja la Carp, lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lopanikizika pambuyo pake, zipsepse zazitali ndi keel losaphimbidwa ndi masikelo. Mtundu wa bream umasiyanasiyana kutsogolera mpaka wakuda ndimtambo wobiriwira. Akuluakulu amatha kufikira 50-75 cm kutalika ndi 8 kg kulemera. Bream amakonda malo okhala ndi mafunde oyenda bwino komanso masitepe ataliatali otsetsereka, mabedi akale amtsinje m'madamu ndi malo akuluakulu.
Bream nyama ndi gwero la phosphorous, omega-3 fatty acids, potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, chlorine, chromium, molybdenum, fluorine, nickel, vitamini B1, C, B2, E, A, PP, D.
Bream ndiwothandiza kutsuka mitsempha, kumalimbitsa mafupa, kumachepetsa cholesterol, kumalepheretsa kukula kwamitsempha yamagazi, sitiroko ndi matenda oopsa.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti bream ndi oyenera msuzi wa nsomba kapena kukazinga, ndiye kuti mukulakwitsa - ophika abwera ndi njira zambiri zokonzera mbale zokoma ndi bream. Mwachitsanzo, "nyama yokazinga pamtanda", "bream bream", "kuphika breon wa Donskoy", "kuphika mkate pamoto", "bream wothiridwa phala la buckwheat", "bream wagolide wophikidwa kalembedwe wachiroma", "stewed bream with quince ”ndi ena.
Nsombazi
Iyi ndi nsomba yowopsa yamtundu wamadzi amtundu wa Sturgeon, womwe umadziwika ndi mizere yayitali yamiyala yamiyala ndi kunyezimira kwa kumapeto kwa caudal komwe kumayenderera kumapeto kwa mchira. Sturgeon ikufala ku Asia, North America ndi Europe. Kwa anthu onse, sturgeon imawonedwa ngati chakudya cha olemekezeka ndi mafumu. Masiku ano sturgeon imagwidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusambira chikhodzodzo ndi caviar.
Sturgeon imakhala ndi mafuta osavuta kudya komanso mapuloteni, amino acid, potaziyamu, phosphorous, calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron, chlorine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, mavitamini B1, C, B2, PP, mafuta othandiza, ayodini, fluorine,
Kugwiritsa ntchito sturgeon kumathandiza kuchepetsa cholesterol, kukula kwa mafupa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha infarction ya myocardial, ndi kuimika chithokomiro.
Nyama ya Sturgeon imadyedwa mwatsopano (pokonzekera mbale zosiyanasiyana), kusuta kapena mchere.
Porcini
Uwu ndi bowa wochokera ku mtundu wa Borovik, womwe uli ndi mayina ambiri achi Russia. M'madera osiyanasiyana ku Russia amatchedwa mosiyana: bebik, belevik, omenyera, capercaillie, wachikasu, ladybug, chimbalangondo, poto, podkorovnik, chowonadi, bowa wamtengo wapatali.
Bowa wa porcini uli ndi chipewa chachikulu chokhala ndi mnofu komanso mwendo woyera wakuda, wotupa. Mtundu wa kapu ya bowa umadalira malo okula ndi msinkhu, ndi wowala, wachikasu komanso wakuda. Mitundu ina ya bowa wa porcini ndizimphona zenizeni - zimatha kufikira theka la mita m'mimba mwake mpaka 30 cm kutalika.
Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu za bowa wa porcini mu mawonekedwe ake yaiwisi ndizochepa 22 kcal pa 100 g, ndi mawonekedwe owuma - 286 kcal.
Bowa loyera limakhala ndi mavitamini A, B1, C, D, riboflavin, sulfure, polysaccharides, lecithin ether, ergothioneine, hercedine alkaloid.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bowa wa porcini kumalimbikitsa thanzi komanso kukula kwa tsitsi ndi misomali, kumathandizira magwiridwe antchito a chithokomiro, kumapangitsa kutsekemera kwa timadziti, kumathandiza kulimbana ndi khansa, kumalepheretsa kuyika kwa cholesterol pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, kumathandizira kukonzanso kwama cell , ndipo amateteza ku mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ma carcinogen ndi bowa. Komanso ili ndi machiritso a zilonda, anti-opatsirana, tonic ndi antitumor. Bowa loyera liyenera kuphatikizidwa pazakudya ndi kuwonongeka, chifuwa chachikulu, angina pectoris, kuti lipangitse kagayidwe kake.
Ndibwino kuti mudye bowa wouma (monga croutons popanda kukonza kwina) ndi msuzi wa bowa. Bowa wokazinga wa porcini ayenera kudyedwa pang'ono komanso ndi masamba ambiri owutsa mudyo.
Tchizi
Ndi mkaka wamtundu wa chakudya womwe umapezeka kuchokera ku mkaka wosaphika, momwe mabakiteriya a lactic acid kapena ma enzymes a mkaka amawonjezeredwa. M'makampani, tchizi amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mchere wosungunuka womwe "umasungunula" zinthu zopanda mkaka komanso mkaka.
Mitundu ya tchizi: tchizi watsopano (Mozzarella, Feta, Ricotta, Mascarpone), tchizi chosaphika (Cheddar, Gouda, Pecorino), tchizi wophika (Beaufort, Parmesan), tchizi wofewa ndi nkhungu (Camembert, Brie), tchizi wofewa wosamba m'mphepete (Limburgskiy, Epuisse, Munster), tchizi wabuluu wokhala ndi buluu (Roquefort, Ble de Cos), mkaka wa mkaka wa nkhosa kapena mbuzi (Saint-Maur, Chevre), tchizi wosungunuka (Shabziger), tchizi cha aperitif, tchizi wa sangweji, tchizi wonunkhira (paprika) , zonunkhira, mtedza).
Tchizi mumakhala mafuta, mapuloteni (kuposa nyama), phosphorous, calcium, amino acid ofunikira (kuphatikiza methionine, lysine ndi tryptophan), phosphatides, vitamini A, C, B1, D, B2, E, B12, PP, pantothenic acid ...
Tchizi kumapangitsa munthu kudya ndi katulutsidwe wa chapamadzi madzi, imapanganso mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri, amachepetsa kupsinjika ndikuwongolera kugona, ndi othandiza pa chifuwa chachikulu ndi mafupa. Ndibwino kuti muphatikizidwe pamndandanda wa ana, amayi apakati ndi amayi panthawi yoyamwitsa.
Pali njira zambiri komanso zosankha zogwiritsa ntchito tchizi kuphika. Mbale yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, nyama ndi nsomba, tchizi ndi mbale, zophika, masaladi, fondue ya tchizi, ndi zina zambiri zakonzedwa nawo.
Nyama yamwana wang'ombe
Ili ndi dzina la nyama ya mwana wa ng'ombe wazaka zisanu, yomwe imaluma kwambiri komanso yoluma poyerekeza ndi ng'ombe. Nyama ya ng'ombe ya mkaka, yomwe imadyetsedwa mkaka wokha, imafunikira kwambiri ku Britain, Holland ndi France. Nyama yotere imadziwika ndi mtundu wotumbululuka wa pinki, kapangidwe kake ka velvety komanso filimu yopyapyala yamafuta ochepa. Magalamu 100 a veal mkaka uli ndi 96,8 kcal.
Ng'ombe yamphongo imakhala ndi lipids, mapuloteni, vitamini B1, PP, B2, B6, B5, E, B9, magnesium, potaziyamu, calcium, chitsulo, sodium, mkuwa, phosphorous, amino acid, zowonjezera, gelatin.
Ng'ombe yamphongo imathandizira kuwongolera shuga komanso magazi kuundana. Ndiwothandiza paumoyo wamanjenje ndi chimbudzi, khungu, zotupa, matenda amtima, kuchepa magazi m'thupi, popewa matenda a mtima ndi urolithiasis. Ndibwino kuti ana, amayi apakati, odwala matenda ashuga komanso odwala matenda oopsa.
Ng'ombe yophika imatha kuphikidwa, kuphika komanso yokazinga, kuphika woyamba (broths, soups) ndi wachiwiri (escalope, wowotcha ng'ombe, zrazy, stew) mbale, zokhwasula-khwasula. Gourmets amatha kuphika nyama yamwana wang'ombe, mwachitsanzo, ndi msuzi wa chokoleti kapena sitiroberi, ginger ndi msuzi wabuluu.
Tsikoriy
Kapena “Petrov Batogi“Ndi zitsamba zomwe zimachitika kamodzi kapena kosatha za banja la Asteraceae, lomwe lili ndi tsinde lalitali, lolunjika bwino (mpaka masentimita 120) ndi maluwa obiriwira kapena obiriwira. Tsopano padziko lapansi pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya chicory yomwe imalimidwa (wamba ndi saladi), pomwe mwachilengedwe pali mitundu ina isanu ndi umodzi ya chicory. Amagawidwa ku South ndi North America, India, Australia, Eurasia, ndi kumpoto kwa Africa.
Muzu wa chicory uli ndi carotene, inulin, vitamini C, pectin, mavitamini B1, B3, B2, micro- ndi macroelements, organic acid, mapuloteni ndi resins.
Chicory imabwezeretsa m'matumbo microflora, imathandizira kugaya kwam'mimba ndi mtima, imathandizira kagayidwe kake, imachepetsa mitsempha yamagazi ndikuchotsa cholesterol, imakhala ndi diuretic komanso mafuta. Choncho, lipindulitsa pa matenda a shuga, gastritis, dysbiosis, zilonda zam'mimba ndi mmatumbo, matenda a ndulu ndi chiwindi, tachycardia, atherosclerosis, kuchepa magazi m'thupi, matenda a ischemic ndi kuchepa kwa magazi.
Chicory muzu chakumwa ndi cholowa m'malo mwa khofi.
Walnut
Amatchedwanso Voloshsky. Ndi mtengo wamtali wabanja la Walnut wokhala ndi korona wandiweyani, wotambalala, wokutidwa komanso masamba akulu. Chipatso cha mtedza chimasiyanitsidwa ndi khungu lolimba lachikopa ndi fupa lolimba.
Peel ya walnuts ili ndi vitamini A, B12, B1, B15, B2, K, C, PP, E, carotene, sitosterones, tannins, quinones, linolenic, gallic, ellagic ndi linoleic acid, juglone, gallotannins, mafuta ofunikira, phytoncides, potaziyamu, phosphorous, magnesium, sulfure, calcium, iron, manganese, aluminium, zinc, cobalt, ayodini, mkuwa, chromium, strontium, nickel, fluorine.
Walnut imakhudza mitsempha yaubongo, imathandizira kutaya kwamanjenje kwamphamvu, imalimbitsa chiwindi, mtima, imathandizira ndikuwonjezereka kwa ntchito yamaganizidwe kapena yakuthupi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchiza matenda a chithokomiro.
Chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, mtedza ndi chinthu chofunikira pophika; amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndiwo zochuluka mchere ndi zinthu zophikidwa, msuzi wa mtedza wa nsomba ndi mbale zanyama.