Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa nsomba za cartilaginous. Maonekedwe a nyamazi amadziwika kwambiri komanso amadziwika kwa anthu ambiri kuyambira ali mwana. Sharki, pakumvetsetsa kwa ambiri, ali ndi thupi lalitali looneka ngati torpedo, mano ambiri akuthwa, zipsepse zopindika, ndi zina zotero. M'malo mwake, nsomba zambiri zosadziwika bwino zamtunduwu zili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Mitundu yopitilira 450 ya shaki imadziwika pano. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a biology, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti shaki zasintha bwino kwambiri momwe zimakhalira. Moyo wawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kuzolowera zapangitsa kuti zamoyozi zisinthe kwa zaka pafupifupi 450 miliyoni. Chodziwika bwino ndi kukhalapo kwa cartilaginous, osati mafupa a mafupa. Mu Russian, mawu akuti "shark" amachokera ku Old Norse "hákall". Malinga ndi moyo ndi chilengedwe, shaki sizingaphatikizidwe kukhala gulu limodzi. Iwo adazolowera pafupifupi malo aliwonse. Pali zochitika zowona shaki pakuya kopitilira 3700 m. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, mbali yaikulu ya zamoyozo imatsogolera moyo wa pelargic m'madzi pafupi ndi pamwamba. Zamoyo zambiri zasintha kukhala moyo m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamadzi osaya ndi zina zotero. Sharki amakhala pafupifupi nyanja zonse zogwirizana ndi nyanja. Kukula kwa shaki kumasiyana kwambiri, kuyambira 17 cm mpaka 20 m. Kayendedwe ka moyo kamasiyana malinga ndi kayendedwe ka moyo ndi mmene moyo ulili. Ngakhale anazindikira okha okha nthawi kupanga masango, ndi kukhala yokangalika gulu la moyo. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mitundu ina ya shark yasintha kukhala moyo osati m'madzi amchere kapena amchere a m'mitsinje ya mitsinje, komanso ikhoza kukhalapo m'madzi abwino a mitsinje ikuluikulu.
Njira zophera nsomba
Pankhani ya usodzi wa trophy, asodzi osaphunzira amakonda kwambiri shaki - adani omwe amakhala m'malo otseguka kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja zam'mphepete mwa nyanja otentha. Kwa anthu ambiri okhala kumpoto kwa Eurasia, kusodza koteroko sikwachilendo. Maulendo osangalatsa kwambiri osodza shaki amakonzedwa ndi mabungwe oyendera alendo kumadera otentha a m'nyanja. Kutha kukhala usodzi kuchokera kumabwato ndi mabwato pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopondaponda kapena ndodo zopota zam'madzi. Pausodzi, nyambo zonse zopangira komanso zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimakopeka ndi nyambo zosiyanasiyana zochokera ku nyama. Malo odziwika bwino opha nsomba za shaki m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi gombe la Namibia, Skeleton Coast. Ku Russia Far East, shaki zazikulu - adani - osungulumwa sapezeka kawirikawiri, ndipo sikoyenera kulumikiza ulendo kumeneko ndi zitsanzo zoterezi. Mayikowa ndiachilendo kale kwa anthu okhala m'chigawo cha ku Ulaya. Komabe, mitundu ingapo ya shaki imalowa m'madzi a kumpoto kwa gombe la Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, ma herring shoals amatsatiridwa ndi otchedwa. "herring sharks". Ndipo komabe, wokhala ku Europe Russia, ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chogwira shaki, sayenera kupita kumayiko akunja otentha. Kugwidwa kwa mitundu iyi ndikosavuta, mwachitsanzo, mu Black Sea. Nsomba yaing'ono imakhala kumeneko - katran, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala nsomba kwa asodzi am'deralo.
Kuyenda kwa Shark
Sharki, pamodzi ndi zilombo zina zazikulu zam'madzi, zimaonedwa kuti ndizoyenera kutsutsa chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi khalidwe lawo. Kuti muwagwire, mufunika nsonga yoopsa kwambiri. Pakusaka mwachangu nsomba, njira yoyenera kwambiri ndikuyendetsa. Kuyenda panyanja ndi njira yopha nsomba mothandizidwa ndi galimoto yoyenda, monga bwato kapena bwato. Kupha nsomba m'malo otseguka a nyanja ndi nyanja, zombo zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi zida zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zomwe zili zazikulu ndizonyamula ndodo, kuwonjezera apo, mabwato ali ndi mipando yochitira nsomba, tebulo lopangira nyambo, zomveka zamphamvu za echo ndi zina. Ndodo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwapadera, zopangidwa ndi fiberglass ndi ma polima ena okhala ndi zida zapadera. Coils ntchito multiplier, pazipita mphamvu. Chipangizo cha trolling reels chimatengera lingaliro lalikulu la zida zotere - mphamvu. Mzere wa mono, mpaka 4 mm wandiweyani kapena kupitirirapo, umayesedwa, ndi nsomba zotere, mu makilomita. Pali zida zambiri zothandizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera momwe nsomba zimakhalira: kukulitsa zida, kuyika nyambo pamalo osodza, kuyika nyambo, ndi zina zambiri, kuphatikiza zida zambiri. Trolling, makamaka posaka zimphona zam'nyanja, ndi gulu la gulu la usodzi. Monga lamulo, ndodo zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pankhani ya kuluma, kuti mugwire bwino, kugwirizana kwa gulu ndikofunika. Pamaso pa ulendo, ndi bwino kupeza malamulo a nsomba m'dera. Nthawi zambiri, usodzi umachitika ndi otsogolera akatswiri omwe ali ndi udindo wonse pazochitikazo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kufunafuna chikhomo panyanja kapena m'nyanja kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi maola ambiri akudikirira kuluma, nthawi zina osapambana.
Kugwira shark poyenda
Usodzi wa shaki poyenda moyandama umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mabwato okhala ndi zida zapadera kapena mabwato okhala ndi ndodo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kukula kwa zikho kungakhale kofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna maphunziro apadera kuchokera kwa okonza nsomba. Kusodza kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi ndodo zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi nyambo zachilengedwe. "Kusuntha" komweko kumachitika chifukwa cha mafunde am'nyanja kapena mphepo. Nthawi zambiri, kusodza kumachitika ndi kukopa zilombo ndi nyambo zosiyanasiyana za nyama. Pazitsulo, ang'onoting'ono ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma alarm akuluakulu a bobber. Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kwa chombo kumawonjezera malo osodza ndipo kumapanga kutsanzira kayendedwe ka nyambo.
Nyambo
Malingana ndi njira yopha nsomba, nyambo zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti shaki ndi nsomba zomwe zili ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira zokopa za chakudya, kuphatikiza osanthula opangidwa bwino kwambiri azomwe zimachitika m'chilengedwe. Choncho, asodzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo zomwe zimatulutsa fungo la nyama. Kupha nsomba za trolling, monga maziko a nyambo, kutsanzira zamoyo zam'madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: nsomba, mollusks, ndi zina zotero. Pankhani ya usodzi wokhala ndi ma spinning tackle, awa ndi ma volumetric nozzles - mitundu yonse ya zosintha za wobblers pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Malo asodzi ndi malo okhala Monga tanenera kale, shaki zili ponseponse pa Nyanja Yadziko Lonse ndi nyanja zake. Malingana ndi mitundu, malo omwe amagawira nsombazi amaphimba madera onse ndi nyengo. Zamoyo zambiri zimakhala m'malo otseguka a madzi amchere am'nyanja, koma zina zimasaka mwachangu m'mitsinje ikuluikulu, kupita kumtunda kwa ma kilomita makumi.
Kuswana
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha mitunduyi ndi umuna wamkati. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zambiri za mafupa, chisinthiko chautali cha shaki ndi kubereka kwawo kwapita, ponena za ana, kutsata chitukuko cha khalidwe la anthu ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zamoyo zina zamoyo, ndi umuna wakunja, kubereka mazira mamiliyoni kapena masauzande ndi kupulumuka kochepa, shaki zamakono zimakhala ndi chiwalo choyambirira choberekera, chofanana ndi placenta ya mammalian. Koma apa ndikofunikira kusintha kuti shaki, malinga ndi mfundo ya kukula kwa fetal, zimagawidwa kukhala oviparous, ovoviviparous ndi viviparous. Kukula kochepa kwambiri kwa ana mu viviparous. Shark, momwe kukula kwa fetal ndi extrauterine, kumayikira mazira 100, omwe cholinga chake ndi kuwonjezera kupulumuka kwa ana muzovuta zachilengedwe. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi chitetezo cha ana otukuka kwambiri. Si mitundu yonse ya shaki yomwe ingaganizidwe kuti ikukula bwino. Izi sizichitika chifukwa cha nyama zolusa, komanso kusintha kwa moyo.