shiitake

Kufotokozera

Bowa wosangalatsa komanso wamachiritso wa shiitake adadziwika ku China zaka zopitilira ziwiri zapitazo. Bowa uwu ndiwotchuka kwambiri, osati m'maiko aku Asia okha, komanso padziko lapansi, zinthu zopindulitsa za bowa la Shiitake zafotokozedwa munkhani zambiri ndi timabuku tomwe bowa uyu adatchulidwa mu Guinness Book of Records.

Bowa la shiitake limafanananso ndimachiritso ake, mwina, ndi ginseng. Bowa la Shiitake ndilopanda vuto lililonse ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chinthu chamtengo wapatali, komanso mankhwala pafupifupi matenda onse. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopindulitsa za bowa la shiitake zimathandiza kuti bowa agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala oletsa achinyamata komanso thanzi.

Maonekedwe ndi kulawa kwake, bowa wa shiitake ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi bowa wam'madambo, kapu yokhayo ndi yofiirira. Bowa la Shiitake ndi bowa wabwino kwambiri - ali ndi kukoma kosakoma kwambiri ndipo amadya mwamtheradi. Kupanga bowa kwa Shiitake.

Kapangidwe ndi kalori okhutira

Shiitake imakhala ndi ma 18 amino acid, mavitamini B - makamaka thiamine yambiri, riboflavin, niacin. Bowa wa Shiitake amakhala ndi vitamini D. Wambiri bowa amakhala ndi wapadera, wosowa kwambiri polysaccharide lentinan, yemwe alibe chiwonetsero chazitsamba.

Lentinan imakulitsa kupanga kwa michere yapadera yotchedwa perforin, yomwe imawononga maselo am'mimba komanso imawonjezera kupha kwa necrosis ndi zotupa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, shiitake imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda am'magazi.

• Mapuloteni 6.91 g
• Mafuta 0.72 g
• Zakudya 4.97 g
• Zakudya za caloriki 33.25 kcal (139 kJ)

Ubwino wa bowa la shiitake

Bowa wa Shiitake amalimbana bwino ndi zovuta zakupezeka kwa radiation ndi chemotherapy, ndipo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa zovuta zamankhwala ochepetsa khansa kwa omwe ali mgululi.

Zothandiza za bowa la shiitake.

1. Mphamvu ya antitumor ya bowa imathandizira thupi la munthu kukana kukula kwa zotupa za khansa ndi zabwino.
2. Bowa la Shiitake ndimphamvu kwambiri yotetezera thupi - imawonjezera chitetezo, chitetezo chamthupi.
3. Bowa la Shiitake limathandizira kupanga cholepheretsa ma virus m'thupi, chitetezo chotsutsana ndi zotupa.
4. Bowa la Shiitake limalimbana ndi microflora ya pathogenic mthupi la munthu ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa microflora yachibadwa.
5. Bowa la Shiitake amathandizira kubwezeretsa chilinganizo cha magazi.
6. Bowa iwowo, ndi kukonzekera kwawo, kumachiritsa zilonda ndi kukokoloka m'mimba ndi m'matumbo.
7. Bowa wa Shiitake amachotsa "cholesterol" choipa m'magazi, amachepetsa cholesterol, ndikupewa kupangika kwa cholesterol pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi.
8. Bowa la Shiitake limachepetsa shuga m'magazi a anthu, limathandizira kukonza mkhalidwe wa odwala matenda ashuga.
9. Bowa la Shiitake limayika kagayidwe kabwino ka thupi, limathandizira njira zoperekera zakudya zamagulu ndi kupuma kwama cell.
10. Bowa la Shiitake limathandizira kuyika kagayidwe kabakiteriya ndikuthandizira kuchepa thupi, kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Bowa wa Shiitake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse: atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi matenda aliwonse, komanso ngati njira yodziyimira panokha, komanso ngati chithandizo chamankhwala chachikulu chovomerezeka.

Zotsatira za kuwunika kwasayansi ndi zoyeserera zomwe zachitika zimadabwitsa malingaliro: zimateteza matenda amtima ndi mitsempha yomwe ili mgawo la matendawa, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a atherosclerosis komanso matenda oopsa.

Kudya tsiku ndi tsiku magalamu asanu ndi anayi a shiitake ufa kwa mwezi umodzi kumachepetsa cholesterol m'mwazi wa okalamba ndi 15%, m'magazi a achinyamata ndi 25%.

Shiitake imathandizira nyamakazi, matenda ashuga (imathandizira kupanga cholesterol ndi kapamba wa wodwalayo). Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala omwe ali ndi multiple sclerosis, bowa wa shiitake amathandizira kuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanira, kuchepetsa nkhawa, ndikubwezeretsanso ulusi wa myelin.

Zinc yomwe ili mu bowa wa shiitake imathandizira potency, imathandizira magwiridwe antchito a prostate gland, komanso imalepheretsa kupanga adenoma ndi zotupa zoyipa za prostate.

Kulima kwa shiitake, kapena kwamphamvu

Nthawi yolima shiitake yogwiritsira ntchito kutentha kwa gawo lapansi pa utuchi kapena zida zina zoyenda pansi ndizocheperako kuposa nthawi yolimidwa mwachilengedwe. Njira imeneyi amatchedwa kwambiri, ndipo, monga ulamuliro, fruiting amapezeka chaka chonse mu zipinda makamaka okonzeka.

Gawo lalikulu la magawo olimapo shiitake, omwe amakhala pakati pa 60 mpaka 90% ya misa yonse, ndi thundu, mapulo kapena utuchi wa beech, zina zonse ndizowonjezera zosiyanasiyana. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi wa alder, birch, msondodzi, popula, aspen, ndi zina zotero. Ndi utuchi wokha wa mitundu ya coniferous sioyenera, chifukwa ali ndi utomoni ndi zinthu za phenolic zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mycelium. The momwe akadakwanitsira tinthu kukula ndi 2-3 mm.

Utuchi wocheperako umalepheretsa kwambiri kusinthana kwa gasi mu gawo lapansi, lomwe limachedwetsa kukula kwa bowa. Utuchi ungasakanikirane ndi tchipisi tating'onoting'ono kuti tizimangirira. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa michere komanso kupezeka kwa mpweya m'magawo amtunduwu kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zizikhala zabwino kwa omwe amapikisana ndi shiitake.

Tizilombo tampikisano nthawi zambiri timakula mwachangu kwambiri kuposa shiitake mycelium, chifukwa chake gawo lapansi limayenera kukhala losawilitsidwa kapena kusamalidwa. Kusakaniza komwe kwazirala pambuyo pochizira kutentha kumadzilowetsedwa (kumabzala) ndi mbewu ya mycelium. Magawo ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi mycelium.

Mycelium imafunda kwa miyezi 1.5-2.5, kenako imamasulidwa mufilimuyo kapena kuchotsedwa mchidebe ndikusamutsira zipatso m'zipinda zoziziritsa ndi zachinyezi. Kukolola kuchokera kumalo otseguka kumachotsedwa mkati mwa miyezi 3-6.

Zowonjezera zakudya zimawonjezedwa mu gawo lapansi kuti lifulumizitse kukula kwa mycelium ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Potero, tirigu ndi chimanga cha mbewu monga chimanga (tirigu, balere, mpunga, mapira), ufa wa mbewu za nyemba, kuwononga mowa komanso zina zama nitrojeni ndi chakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndi zowonjezera mavitamini, mavitamini, mchere, ma microelements nawonso amalowa mu gawo lapansi, lomwe limalimbikitsa osati kukula kwa mycelium, komanso fruiting. Kuti apange mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa acidity ndikusintha kapangidwe kake, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimaphatikizidwira ku gawo lapansi: choko (CaCO3) kapena gypsum (CaSO4).

Zigawo za magawo ake ndizosakanizidwa bwino ndi dzanja kapena zosakaniza monga chosakanizira konkire. Kenako madzi amawonjezeredwa, kubweretsa chinyezi mpaka 55-65%.

Katundu wophikira ku Shiitake

Achijapani amayika shiitake yoyamba kulawa pakati pa bowa wina. Msuzi wopangidwa ndi shiitake wouma kapena kuchokera ku ufa wawo ndiwodziwika kwambiri ku Japan. Ndipo ngakhale azungu ali ndi kununkhira kwapadera kwa shiitake koyambirira, nthawi zambiri samakondwera, anthu omwe amazolowera shiitake amawoneka okoma.

Shiitake yatsopano imakhala ndi fungo labwino la bowa losakanikirana pang'ono ndi fungo la radish. Bowa, zouma kutentha kosaposa 60 ° C, zimanunkhira chimodzimodzi kapena kuposa.

Shiitake yatsopano imatha kudyedwa yaiwisi osawira kapena kuphika kwina kulikonse. Pakutentha kapena mwachangu, kulawa, kununkhira pang'ono ndi kununkhira kwa shiitake yaiwisi kumakhazikika kwambiri.

Miyendo ya bowa ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa zisoti zokoma, ndipo ndizolimba kwambiri kuposa zisoti.

Katundu wowopsa wa shiitake

Kudya bowa wa shiitak kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina, chifukwa chake anthu omwe amadwala chifuwa ayenera kusamala ndi izi. Komanso, bowa limatsutsana pa nthawi yoyamwitsa ndi mimba chifukwa chazambiri zazinthu zamoyo.

Kodi bowa wa shiitake umakula kuti?

Shiitake ndimtundu wa saprotrophic bowa womwe umangokhalako pamitengo yakufa ndi yakugwa, kuchokera ku mtengo womwe umalandira michere yonse yofunikira pakukula ndi chitukuko.

Mwachilengedwe, shiitake imakula kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia (China, Japan, Korea ndi mayiko ena) paziputu ndi mitengo yodula, makamaka castanopsis spiky. Kudera la Russia, Primorsky Territory ndi Far East, bowa la Shiitake limakula pamitengo yaku Mongolia ndi Amur linden. Zitha kupezekanso pa mabokosi, birch, mapulo, popula, liquidambar, hornbeam, ironwood, mabulosi (mtengo wa mabulosi). Bowa amapezeka masika ndipo amabala zipatso m'magulu nthawi yonse yotentha mpaka nthawi yophukira.

Lentinula yodyedwa imakula mwachangu kwambiri: zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 6-8 kuyambira pomwe timapepala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambira mpaka kukhwima kwathunthu.

Zosangalatsa za Shiitake

1. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa bowa waku Japan kudayamba ku 199 BC.
2. Kafukufuku wakuya wopitilira 40,000 ndi ntchito zodziwika bwino ndi monographs zalembedwa ndikufalitsidwa za lentinula zodyedwa, zowulula pafupifupi zinsinsi zonse za bowa wokoma komanso wathanzi.

Shiitake ikukula kunyumba

Pakadali pano, bowa amalimidwa mwamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi pamalonda. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: adaphunzira momwe angalime bowa wa shiitake moyenera pakatikati pa zaka za makumi awiri, ndipo mpaka pamenepo adalumikizidwa ndikupaka matabwa owola ndi matupi azipatso.

Tsopano lentinula yodyedwa imalimidwa pamtengo wa thundu, mabokosi ndi mapulo mu kuwala kwachilengedwe kapena pautuchi m'nyumba. Bowa womwe umakula munjira yoyamba umasunga zomwe zikukula-zakutchire, ndipo utuchi umakhulupirira kuti umawonjezera kukoma ndi fungo, komabe, kuwononga mikhalidwe yochiritsa ya shiitake. Kupanga kwapadziko lonse bowa wodyedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XXI kwafika kale matani 800 pachaka.

Bowa ndiosavuta kumera mdziko muno kapena kunyumba, ndiye kuti, kunja kwa chilengedwe, chifukwa amasankha momwe akukhalira. Kuwona zina mwazinthu ndikusanzira chilengedwe cha bowa, mutha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuweta iwo kunyumba. Bowa umabala zipatso bwino kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala, koma kulima shiitake ndi ntchito yovuta.

Kukula ukadaulo pa bala kapena chitsa

Chofunikira kwambiri pakulima bowa ndi nkhuni. Momwemo, izi ziyenera kukhala mitengo ikuluikulu kapena hemp ya thundu, mabokosi kapena beech, yodulidwa muzitsulo zazitali 35-50 cm. Ngati mukufuna kukula shiitake mdziko muno, ndiye kuti sikofunikira kuti muwone ziphuphu. Zomwe zimayenera kukololedwa ziyenera kukololedwa pasadakhale, makamaka kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa nthawi yamasika, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mumangotenga nkhuni zokhazokha, popanda kuwonongeka ndi kuwola, moss kapena bowa.

Musanaike mycelium, nkhuni ziyenera kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 50-60: izi zimadzaza ndi chinyezi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimachotsa mankhwala. Pabara iliyonse, muyenera kupanga mabowo okhala ndi m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 1 sentimita ndi kuya kwa masentimita 5-7, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a masentimita 8-10 pakati pawo. Shiitake mycelium iyenera kuyikidwapo, kutseka bowo lililonse ndikufesa ndi ubweya wonyowa wa thonje.

Mukamabzala, chinyezi cha nkhuni sichiyenera kupitirira 70%, koma nthawi yomweyo chisakhale chotsika kuposa 15%. Pofuna kupewa chinyezi, mutha kukulunga mipiringidzo / hemp mu thumba la pulasitiki.

Chofunikira: yang'anirani kutentha m'chipinda momwe muli bowa wanu: madera a bowa waku Japan amakonda kusintha kutentha (kuyambira +16 masana mpaka + 10 usiku). Kutentha uku kumafalikira kumathandizira kukula kwawo.

Ngati shiitake ikuyenera kukulira panja mdziko muno, sankhani malo amithunzi, ndipo bala kapena chitsa chosadulidwa ndi mycelium chiyenera kuikidwa m'manda pafupifupi 2/3 pansi kuti chisaume.

Kukula pa utuchi kapena udzu

Ngati ndizosatheka kulima bowa uyu pamtengo, kulima shiitake pa balere kapena udzu wa oat, kapena pa utuchi wa mitengo yodula (ma conifers sanasankhidwe) ndibwino kwambiri.

Musanadzafese, zinthuzi zimakonzedwa molingana ndi kuwira kwa ola limodzi ndi theka mpaka maola awiri, ndikuwonjezera kubereka kwawo sikungakhale kowonjezera kuwonjezera mkate wa mkate kapena chimera. Zotengera zokhala ndi utuchi kapena udzu zimadzazidwa ndi shiitake mycelium wokutidwa ndi polyethylene, kuwonetsetsa kutentha kwa pafupifupi madigiri 18-20. Mwamsanga pamene kumera kwa mycelium kwafotokozedwa, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka madigiri 15-17 masana mpaka 10-12 usiku.

Kukula shiitake muudzu si njira yokhayo. Lembani thumba lopangidwa ndi nsalu yolimba kapena polyethylene wandiweyani wokhala ndi udzu wouma, mutayika mizere iwiri kapena itatu ya mycelium pakati pa udzu. Mipata imapangidwa m'thumba momwe bowa amaphukira. Ngati kutentha kuli koyenera bowa, zokolola zambiri zimatsimikizika.