Mitengo

Kufotokozera

Njere monga Sorghum (Chilatini cha Sorghum, chomwe chimatanthauza "kudzuka"), imadziwika ngati zinthu zachilengedwe zopangira matsache apamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha tsinde lake lalitali komanso lamphamvu.

Dziko lakwawo chaka chilichonse ndi East Africa, komwe mbewuyi idalimidwa m'zaka za zana la 4 BC. Chomeracho chidafalikira kwambiri ku India, ku Europe, Asia, ndi America.

Chifukwa cholimbana ndi nyengo zowuma komanso zotentha, manyuchi akhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pachakudya ndipo akadali chakudya chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu aku Africa.

Lero manyuchi ndi amodzi mwazomera zisanu padziko lonse lapansi ndipo apezeka akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana a anthu. Chikhalidwe ichi chimakula bwino kumadera akumwera.

Mbiri ya manyuchi

Manyuchi amadziwika ngati mbewu yambewu kuyambira kale. Malinga ndi a Linnaeus ndi Vntra, ku India, komwe kunabadwira manyuchi, amalima zaka 3000 BC.

Komabe, palibe masamba amtundu wa Kindred omwe amapezeka ku India. Chifukwa chake, katswiri wazomera ku Switzerland A. Decandol amakonda kukhulupirira kuti manyuchi amachokera ku equatorial Africa, komwe mitundu yambiri yazomera ili tsopano. Asayansi ena aku America amatsatiranso chimodzimodzi. Manyuchi amadziwika ku China kuyambira 2000 BC. e.

Chifukwa chake, palibe mgwirizano pa chiyambi cha manyuchi. Titha kungoganiza kuti kubadwa kwachikhalidwechi kumalumikizananso ndi Africa, India, ndi China, komwe ulimi udayambira pawokha. Mabuku achijeremani amanenanso kuti manyuchi amachokera ku polyphyletic omwe ali ndi magwero osachepera awiri - Africa ya equator ndi Abyssinia. India imadziwikanso kuti likulu lachitatu.

Europe

Sorghum adapezeka ku Europe pambuyo pake. Ngakhale zili choncho, kutchulidwa koyamba kwa bukuli kuli ndi buku la Pliny Wamkulu (23-79 AD) "Mbiri Yachilengedwe," pomwe zimadziwika kuti manyuchi adabweretsedwa ku Roma kuchokera ku India. Mawu awa ndiwongoyerekeza.

Ofufuza ambiri amadziwa tsiku lomwe mtedza udzalowa mu kontinenti yaku Europe - m'zaka za zana la 15 atabwera kuchokera ku India ndi a Genoese ndi a Venetian. Zinali pakati pa zaka za XV-XVI. Kuphunzira ndi kufalitsa chikhalidwe cha manyuchi ku Europe kuyambika. M'zaka za zana la XVII. Sorghum adabweretsedwa ku America. Monga ananenera asayansi aku America ndi Soviet, manyuchi adalowa mwa anthu am'deralo omwe adagwidwa ukapolo ku Africa.

Dziko likufalikira

Chifukwa chake, kale m'zaka za XVII. Sorghum inali yotchuka m'makontinenti onse, koma malo ake olimapo anali India, China, ndi Africa. Pali zochulukirapo zoposa 95% yazokolola zonse zapadziko lapansi. Chidwi ndi manyuchi ku Europe ndi America adayamba kudziwonetsera theka lachiwiri la 19th, panthawi yomwe amatenga kachiwiri kuchokera ku China kupita ku France ndi America. Malinga ndi AG Shapoval, mu 1851, kazembe waku France adabweretsa mbewu imodzi yam'madzi kuchokera pachilumba cha Zung-Ming; idabzalidwa ku France ndipo idalandira mbewu 800. Mu 1853, mbewu izi zidalowa ku America.

Wogulitsa ku England wa 1851 Leonard Vreidrie Hal kupita ku South America ndipo adachita chidwi ndi mitundu yambiri ya manyuchi yolimidwa ndi AZulu ndi Kaffirs. Mu 1854 anafesa mitundu 16 ya chikhalidwe ichi chomwe adabwera nacho ku Italy, Spain, ndi France. Mitundu iyi ya kaffir manyuchi idabwera ku America mu 1857 ndipo idayamba kufalikira ku Carolina ndi Georgia.

Momwe manyuchi amakulira

Manyuchi ndi mbeu yosafuna kutentha yomwe ili ndi mizu yotukuka.

Sikovuta kulima chomera ichi chifukwa chimawonetsa zokolola zabwino, sikofunikira kwenikweni pakapangidwe ka nthaka, ndipo chimatha kukula ngakhale munthawi yapakatikati. Chokhacho ndichakuti sichimalola chisanu bwino.

Koma manyuchi amalimbana bwino ndi chilala, amalimbana ndi tizilombo todwalitsa tambiri; choncho, nthawi zambiri, sikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo okwera mtengo.

Kapangidwe ndi kalori okhutira

• Mapuloteni 11g
• Mafuta 4g
• Zakudya 60g

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zam'madzi ndi 323 kcal pa magalamu 100 azinthu.

Lili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi zothandiza: calcium; potaziyamu; phosphorous; sodium; magnesium; mkuwa; selenium; nthaka; chitsulo; manganese; molybdenum. Mavitamini amapezekanso m'madzi. Chomeracho chimalimbikitsidwa ndi magulu a vitamini otsatirawa: B1; PA 2; PA 6; KUCHOKERA; PP H; kupatsidwa folic acid.

Ubwino wathanzi la manyuchi

Manyuchi akhoza kukhala oyera, achikasu, abulauni, komanso akuda. Ubwino wa phala kuchokera m'matumbo otere ndi ovuta kuwunika. Monga tanenera kale, manyuchi ndi nkhokwe ya mavitamini, ndipo choyambirira - mavitamini a gulu I.

Thiamine (B1) imathandizira pantchito zaubongo komanso zochitika zamanjenje. Komanso normalizes katulutsidwe m'mimba, ndi mtima ntchito minofu kumawonjezera chilakolako ndi kumawonjezera minofu kamvekedwe. Manyuchi amapitilira mbale zina zambiri monga chimanga cha riboflavin (B2). Vitamini uyu amathandizira pakhungu ndi misomali kukula kwa tsitsi. Pomaliza, pyridoxine (B6) imathandizira kagayidwe kake.

Mwa zina, manyuchi ndi antioxidant wabwino kwambiri. Mitundu ya polyphenolic yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe kake kamalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuteteza thupi ku zovuta zoyipa zachilengedwe. Amakaniranso zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi fodya. Nthawi zambiri, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti ma blueberries ndi omwe amatsogolera polyphenol.

M'malo mwake, pali 5 mg wa michere iyi pa 100 g yama buluu ndi 62 mg pa 100 g wam'madzi! Koma manyuchi a tirigu ali ndi imodzi, koma yovuta kwambiri - yotsika (pafupifupi 50%) yosungunuka. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma tannins osungunuka (gulu la mankhwala a phenolic).

Mapuloteni a manyuchi, kafirin samatenga mosavuta. Kwa obereketsa m'mayiko omwe manyuchi ndiwo mbewu yaikulu, kuwonjezera kukula kwa mbewu za manyuchi ndizovuta kwambiri.

Zovuta komanso zotsutsana

Madokotala samalimbikitsa kuti mugwiritse ntchito manyuchi ngati mulibe chidwi ndi izi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito manyuchi

Mbewu za manyuchi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zinthu zopangira chakudya: chimanga, wowuma, ndi ufa, momwe chimanga, ziphuphu. Anthu amagwiritsanso ntchito kuphika mkate, asanasakanize ndi ufa wa tirigu kuti akhale ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe abwino.

Wowuma womwe umachokera kuzomera izi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga zamkati ndi zamapepala, migodi komanso nsalu, komanso mankhwala. Kumbali ya wowuma, manyuchi amapitilira chimanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kumera.

Msuzi wamasamba umakhala ndi shuga wachilengedwe wa 20% (kuchuluka kwake kumayambira nthawi yomweyo maluwawo), ndiye kuti chomeracho ndi chopangira chotulutsa jamu, molasses, mowa, maswiti osiyanasiyana, ndi mowa.

Kuphika mapulogalamu

Manyowa amakhala osalowerera ndale, okoma pang'ono nthawi zina, kotero amatha kukhala osinthasintha pazophikira zosiyanasiyana. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopangira zowuma, ufa, chimanga (couscous), chakudya cha ana, ndi mowa.

Udzu wa mandimu ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha kununkhira kwatsopano kwa zipatso ku Caribbean ndi ku Asia zakudya za nsomba, nyama, nsomba, ndi zokometsera zamasamba. Amaphatikiza phala ndi adyo, tsabola wotentha, ginger. Manyuchi a mandimu amawonjezeredwa msuzi, msuzi, zakumwa. Mtedza wa shuga umapanga mankhwala otsekemera, mapira, kupanikizana, ndi zakumwa monga mowa, mead, kvass, ndi vodka.

Chochititsa chidwi, ichi ndi chomera chokha chomwe madzi ake amakhala ndi shuga pafupifupi 20%. Kuchokera kumbewu yambewu iyi, chimanga chopatsa thanzi komanso chokoma, makeke athyathyathya, ndi zinthu zopangira mphesa zimatengedwa.

Mtedza mu cosmetology

Chotsitsacho, komanso madzi am'madzi, zimagwiritsa ntchito zodzoladzola monga othandizira komanso olimbitsa thupi. Izi ndizolemera kwambiri ma peptide ovuta, polyepoxides, ndi sucrose. Zomwe zili ndi polyphenolic mankhwala (makamaka anthocyanins) ndiokwera kakhumi kuposa ma blueberries. Mulinso ma amino acid, phenolcarboxylic acid, pentaoxiflavan ndi mavitamini osowa (PP, A, B10, B1, B2, B5, H, choline) ndi macroelements (phosphorous, magnesium, potaziyamu, calcium, iron, mkuwa, silicon).

Pofuna kutulutsa nthawi yomweyo komanso nthawi yomweyo, madzi amadzi amapanga filimu yosinthasintha, yotambasula pakhungu. Kuphatikizanso apo, imakhazikika pakhungu pakhungu, ndikusiya khungu kukhala losalala, losalala, komanso lowala. Ndikofunikanso kuti zotsatira za manyuchi pakhungu ndizokwanira motere: ma peptide ovuta amapereka izi pakupanga kwake.

Kutulutsa kwa manyuchi

Kutulutsa kwa manyuchi kumathandizira kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe akuthwa kwa khungu lowala kwambiri. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chophatikizachi chimaperekanso mpumulo, womwe palimodzi umapereka mphamvu yotchulidwanso ngakhale utagwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi. Zadziwikanso posachedwa kuti kuchotsa kwa manyuchi kumatha kuwonetsa zotsutsana ndi zotupa.

Mbali zam'madzi zimakhala ndi mapuloteni komanso zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndizowonjezeranso popangira zodzoladzola, makamaka popanga ma peptide apayekha (hydrolysates). Pakafukufuku waposachedwa, asayansi adawachita ndi ma enzyme a proteolytic omwe amawononga mapuloteni kukhala ma peptide. Kunapezeka kuti ma peptide hydrolysates anali ogwirizana bwino ndi khungu la anthu ma fibroblasts ndikuchepetsa ma michere omwe amawononga collagen ndi elastin.

Phala lankhumba ndi nyemba zakuda, amaranth ndi peyala

zosakaniza

• Cilantro wodulidwa (coriander) 70 g
• Nyemba zakuda supuni 450
• Mafuta a Canola supuni 1
• Finely minced adyo 3 cloves
• Mchere kuti ulawe
• Manyuchi a manyuchi 150 ml
• Chotupitsa 1 chidutswa
• Feta tchizi kuti alawe
• Anyezi 1 mutu

kuphika

1. Tumizani nyemba zotsuka m'mbale ndikuwonjezera 200 ml. madzi kwa maola 4, osatinso. Osakhetsa madzi.
2. Mu skillet wamkulu, mafuta otentha ndi malo anyezi. Saute kwa mphindi 5, nthawi zina mukuyambitsa, mpaka mwachifundo, kenaka yikani theka la adyo wodulidwa ndikuphika kwa mphindi imodzi. Ikani nyemba ndi madzi; madzi ayenera kuwaphimba ndi masentimita 1-3; ngati zochepa - onjezerani madzi ndi chithupsa.
3. Chepetsani kutentha kutsika, chotsani chithovu chilichonse chomwe chikupezeka, onjezani coriander, kuphimba ndikuyimira kwa ola limodzi.
4. Onjezerani supuni 2-3 zamchere kuti mulawe, adyo yotsala, ndi coriander. Imirani kwa ola limodzi, mpaka nyemba zikhale zofewa ndipo msuzi ndi wandiweyani komanso wokoma. Lawani ndi mchere ndikuwonjezera momwe zingafunikire.
5. Nyemba zikatentha, kuphika manyuchi. Muzimutsuka tirigu ndi kusakaniza mu kapu ndi makapu atatu a madzi. Onjezerani mchere ndikubweretsa kwa chithupsa. Chepetsani kutentha, kuphimba, ndi simmer kwa mphindi 3, mpaka njere zikakhala zofewa. Thirani madzi otsala ndikubwezeretsani tirigu mumphika. Tsekani chivindikirocho ndikuchiyika pambali kwakanthawi.
6. Nyemba zikakonzeka, sakanizani ndi masamba a amaranth ndikuphika kwa mphindi 10, mpaka amadyera.
7. Gawani manyuchi mu mbale 6 zotumizira, perekani ndi nyemba, ndi amaranth. Kutumikira ndi avocado wodulidwa ndi coriander. Ngati mulibe malo okwanira, onjezani msuzi pang'ono kapena tsabola wobiriwira wobiriwira.
8. Fukani ndi feta tchizi pamwamba ndikutumikira.