Sticklebacks ndi banja la nsomba zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu ingapo yokhala ndi mitundu 18. Izi ndi nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso moyo. Zitha kukhala zosiyana mu mawonekedwe a morphological kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, koma onse ali ndi misana kutsogolo kwa dorsal fin. Amagwiritsa ntchito misanayi pofuna kudziteteza. Kuonjezera apo, zomangira zina zimakhala ndi spikes kumbali ya mimba, komanso mafupa a mafupa, ndi zina zotero. Siyanitsani am'madzi, am'madzi am'madzi komanso m'madzi okhala m'madzi amchere. Nsomba zimasiyana osati malo okhala ndi maonekedwe, komanso khalidwe. Madzi oyera amakonda moyo wakusukulu, ndipo m'nyanja, zomata zimasonkhana m'magulu akulu panthawi yoswana. Kukula kwa mitundu yambiri kumayambira 7-12 cm. Mitundu yam'madzi imatha kufika 20 cm. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, stickleback ndizovuta kuziyika ngati "nsomba ya trophy". Ngakhale zili choncho, imakhala yolusa ndipo imatengedwa ngati nyama yolusa. Akatswiri a Ichthyologists amanena kuti stickleback ndi yaukali ndipo nthawi zambiri imamenyana ndi oyandikana nawo nthawi zonse, osatchula nyengo yoswana. Kusaka kobisalira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya stickleback ndiyofala m'madera ambiri ndipo imatha kugwidwa mwadzidzidzi munyengo zonse. Ku Europe ku Russia, mitundu 4-5 imasiyanitsidwa. Ku Kronstadt, zojambulajambula zidakhazikitsidwa - "chikumbutso cha a stickleback ozunguliridwa", omwe adapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu masauzande ambiri ku Leningrad.
Njira zopezera stickleback
Stickleback imatha kugwidwa pamasewera osiyanasiyana, ngakhale panyambo yaying'ono yamoyo. Makamaka kuti agwire, monga lamulo, asodzi - okonda amapewa. Chifukwa chake si kukula kokha, komanso misana ya mitundu ina, yomwe ingayambitse mabala opweteka. Pachifukwa chomwecho, stickleback sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ngati nyambo yamoyo kapena kudula. Komabe, ngati nsomba zachulukana pamalo osodza, zimatha kugwidwa bwino ndi zida zachisanu ndi chilimwe. Achinyamata aang'ono amapeza chisangalalo chapadera pogwira stickleback. Kususuka kumapangitsa nsombayi kuthamanga ngakhale pambeza yopanda kanthu. Nsomba zosachepera "zokondweretsa" zimatha kuchitika panthawi ya "kusowa kuluma", padziwe lachisanu, pogwira nsomba zina. M'nyengo yozizira, zomata zimakololedwa "zokolola" za zida zosiyanasiyana, pansi, ndi kugwedeza ndi kugwedeza. M'chilimwe, nsomba zimagwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zoyandama zachikhalidwe komanso zapansi.
Nyambo
M’chilimwe ndi m’nyengo yozizira, nsomba zimagwidwa pa nyambo za nyama, kuphatikizapo zokazinga. Malinga ndi dera ndi posungira, pakhoza kukhala makhalidwe awo. Koma chifukwa cha umbombo ndi zochita za nsomba iyi, mutha kupeza nyambo nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola - chidutswa cha zojambulazo ndi zina zotero.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Ichthyologists amaona kuti stickleback ndi mitundu yofalikira mofulumira. Ngati zinthu zili bwino, zimatha kukulitsa malo ake okhala. Asayansi ena amatsutsa kuti kusokonekera kokha kumalepheretsa kufalikira kwa nsombazi: nthawi zambiri amadya ana amitundu yawo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya stickleback imapezeka m'mabeseni pafupifupi nyanja zonse za Russia, koma ku Siberia ndi Far East, nsomba, makamaka, zimamatira kumadzi am'madzi ndi amchere. Komanso, stickleback amakhala mu mitsinje ikuluikulu Siberia ndipo akhoza kufalikira mpaka pakati. Sea stickleback amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, sapanga madera ambiri. Mitundu yamadzi amchere ndi yofala, kupatula mitsinje, m'nyanja ndi m'malo osungiramo madzi, momwe imasungiramo ziweto zazikulu.
Kuswana
Payokha, ndi bwino kukhala pa stickleback, monga zamoyo, chifukwa cha kuberekana. Kuphatikiza pa mfundo yakuti nsomba zimateteza ana, zimamanga zisa zenizeni kuchokera ku zomera zam'madzi, zomwe zimakhala zozungulira zomwe zimakhala ndi malo mkati. Mwamunayo amamanga ndi kuteteza chisa, panthawiyi sangathe kudya chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi m'dongosolo la chakudya. Yaikazi imaikira mazira khumi ndi awiri. Ana, akamakula, amakhala mkati mwa nyumbayi kwa nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi mwezi umodzi). Asanabereke, amuna amasintha mtundu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma imakhala yowala.