Nkhani zokambidwa ndi odya nyama zamasamba

Gwero lolembera lembali linali nkhani yakuti "Pang'ono ponena za nthano zazamasamba", wolemba yemwe mwadala kapena mosazindikira adalemba nthano zingapo zokhuza zamasamba, adasakaniza zonse pamodzi ndipo m'malo amangosiya mfundo zina mwachinyengo. 

 

Wina akhoza kulemba buku lonse la nthano zomwe odya nyama amanena za anthu omwe amadya zamasamba, koma pakali pano tidzipatula tokha ku nkhani za "Pang'ono Zokhudza Nthano Zamasamba". Choncho tiyeni tiyambe. Ndiloleni ndikudziwitseni? 

 

Nthano nambala 1! 

 

“M’chilengedwe, pali mitundu yochepa chabe ya nyama zoyamwitsa zimene munthu anganene kuti oimira awo ndi amene amadya nyama chibadwireni. Ngakhalenso nyama zodya udzu nthawi zambiri zimadya zakudya zochepa za nyama - mwachitsanzo, tizilombo tomezedwa pamodzi ndi zomera. Munthu, monga anyani ena apamwamba, salinso "vegan kuyambira kubadwa": mwachilengedwe, ndife omnivores okhala ndi udzu wambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi la munthu limakonda kudya zakudya zosakaniza, ngakhale kuti zomera ziyenera kupanga zakudya zambiri (pafupifupi 75-90%).

 

Pamaso pathu pali nthano yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa odya nyama yonena za “tsogolo la zakudya zosakaniza mwachibadwa za munthu.” Ndipotu, lingaliro la "omnivore" mu sayansi liribe tanthawuzo lomveka bwino, monga momwe palibe malire omveka bwino pakati pa otchedwa omnivores - kumbali imodzi - ndi carnivores ndi herbivores - kumbali inayo. Chifukwa chake wolemba nkhaniyo akulengeza kuti ngakhale akale herbivores kumeza tizilombo. Mwachilengedwe, nyama zakutchire nthawi zina sizimanyoza "udzu". Mulimonsemo, si chinsinsi kwa aliyense kuti muzochitika zovuta ndizofala kuti nyama zidye chakudya chomwe chili chodabwitsa kwa iwo. Mkhalidwe woipitsitsa wotero wa anyani zaka masauzande apitawo unali kuzizira kwambiri padziko lonse. Zikuoneka kuti ambiri akale herbivores ndi carnivores kwenikweni omnivores. Nanga n’cifukwa ciani kugaŵidwa kotereku? Kodi angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji ngati mkangano? Zimenezi n’zosamveka ngati kuti nyaniyo anatsutsa zoti sakufuna kukhala mwamuna chifukwa chakuti chilengedwe sichinamupatse kaimidwe kowongoka!

 

Tsopano tiyeni tipitirire ku nkhani zazamasamba. Nkhani nambala 2. 

 

“Ndikufuna kutchulanso mfundo imodzi. Nthawi zambiri, ochirikiza chiphunzitsocho chokhudza kuvulaza kwa nyama amatchula kafukufuku wopangidwa ku United States wa Seventh-day Adventists omwe samadya nyama chifukwa choletsa chipembedzo. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti Adventist ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha khansa (makamaka khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa ya m'matumbo) ndi matenda a mtima. Kwa nthawi yayitali, izi zidawonedwa ngati umboni wa kuvulaza kwa nyama. Komabe, pambuyo pake kafukufuku wofananawo anachitidwa pakati pa a Mormon, omwe moyo wawo uli pafupi kwambiri ndi wa Adventist (makamaka, magulu onse awiriwa amaletsa kusuta, kumwa mowa; kudya kwambiri kumatsutsidwa; etc.) - koma omwe, mosiyana ndi Adventist, amadya nyama. . Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zinasonyeza kuti omnivorous Mormons, komanso Adventist wa zamasamba, achepetsa chiwerengero cha matenda a mtima ndi khansa. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zapezedwa zimachitira umboni motsutsana ndi lingaliro la kuvulaza kwa nyama motere. 

 

Palinso maphunziro ena ambiri oyerekeza a thanzi la odya zamasamba ndi odya nyama, omwe amaganizira za zizolowezi zoipa, chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zina zambiri. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wa zaka 20 wochitidwa ndi yunivesite ya Heidelberg, odyetsera zamasamba anali athanzi kwambiri kuposa odya nyama ndipo sankadwala matenda aakulu a ziwalo zamkati, kuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa. , ndi matenda a mtima. 

 

Nkhani nambala 3. 

 

"... m'malo mwake, Bungwe limazindikira kuti zakudya zamasamba ndi zamasamba ndizovomerezeka kwa munthu (makamaka, kwa mwana) - koma! kutengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikusowa biologically zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati kukonzekera kwamankhwala ndi / kapena zomwe zimatchedwa zolimbitsa thupi. Zakudya zolimbitsa thupi ndi zakudya zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi mavitamini ndi ma microelements. Ku US ndi Canada, kulimbitsa zakudya zina ndikofunikira; m'mayiko a ku Ulaya - osati mokakamiza, koma ponseponse. Odya zakudya amavomerezanso kuti zakudya zamasamba ndi zamasamba zingakhale ndi phindu lodzitetezera pokhudzana ndi matenda ena - koma musatsutse konse kuti chakudya chochokera ku zomera ndicho njira yokhayo yothetsera matendawa. 

 

Ndipotu, mabungwe ambiri okhudzana ndi zakudya padziko lonse lapansi amazindikira kuti zakudya zamasamba zokonzedwa bwino ndizoyenera kwa anthu amitundu yonse ndi mibadwo, komanso amayi apakati ndi oyamwitsa. Kwenikweni, zakudya zilizonse ziyenera kuganiziridwa bwino, osati zamasamba zokha. Zamasamba safuna zowonjezera mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu! Ma vegans okha ndi omwe amafunikira zowonjezera za vitamini B12, ndipo ngakhale pamenepo okhawo omwe sangathe kudya masamba ndi zipatso m'munda wawo komanso m'munda wawo, koma amakakamizika kugula chakudya m'masitolo. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti nyama ya nyama nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi michere yambiri chifukwa ziweto zimalandira mavitamini opangidwa ndi mavitamini (kuphatikizapo vitamini B12!) Ndi mchere. 

 

Nkhani nambala 4. 

 

“Chiŵerengero cha odya zamasamba pakati pa anthu akumeneko n’chochuluka kwambiri, ndipo chili pafupifupi 30 peresenti; osati kokha, ngakhale osadya zamasamba ku India amadya nyama yochepa kwambiri. […] Mwa njira, mfundo yodabwitsa: m'kati mwa pulogalamu yokhazikika yophunzirira zomwe zimayambitsa ngoziyi ndi matenda amtima ndi mtima, ofufuza anayesa, mwa zina, kuti apeze kugwirizana pakati pa zakudya zopanda zamasamba. ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima (Gupta). Sinapezeke. Koma njira yosinthira - kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa anthu osadya masamba - kudapezekadi ku Amwenye (Das et al). M'mawu amodzi, zosiyana kotheratu ndi lingaliro lokhazikitsidwa. 

 

Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi kumakhalanso kovuta kwambiri ku India: oposa 80% a amayi apakati komanso pafupifupi 90% ya atsikana achichepere amadwala matendawa (deta yochokera ku Indian Medical Research Authority). Pakati pa amuna, zinthu zili bwinoko: monga asayansi ku Research Center ku Memorial Hospital ku Pune adapeza, ngakhale kuti hemoglobini yawo ndi yotsika kwambiri, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumakhala kosowa. Zinthu ndi zoyipa mwa ana aamuna ndi aakazi (Verma et al): pafupifupi 50% yaiwo ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi. Komanso, zotsatira zoterezi sizingakhale chifukwa cha umphawi wa anthu: pakati pa ana ochokera kumadera apamwamba a anthu, nthawi zambiri kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi sikotsika kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi 40%. Pamene anayerekezera kuchuluka kwa kuperewera kwa magazi m’thupi mwa ana odyetsedwa bwino ndi odyetserako zamasamba ndi osadya zamasamba, oyambirirawo anapeza kuti n’kuchuluka kuŵirikiza kaŵiri kuposa ana omaliza. Vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ku India ndi lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti boma la India lakakamizika kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yapadera yolimbana ndi matendawa. Otsika mlingo wa hemoglobin mwa Ahindu mwachindunji osati popanda chifukwa kugwirizana ndi otsika mlingo wa kudya nyama, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa zili chitsulo ndi vitamini B12 mu thupi (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ngakhale osakhala zamasamba m'dziko lino. kudya nyama kamodzi pa sabata).

 

M'malo mwake, Ahindu osadya zamasamba amadya nyama yokwanira, ndipo asayansi amagwirizanitsa matenda amtima ndi kudya pafupipafupi zakudya zambiri zanyama, zomwe odya zamasamba amadyanso (za mkaka, mazira). Vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ku India silidalira zamasamba monga choncho, koma ndi zotsatira za umphawi wa anthu. Chithunzi chofananacho chingaoneke m’dziko lililonse limene anthu ambiri amakhala pansi pa umphaŵi. Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi si matenda osowa kwambiri m'mayiko otukuka. Makamaka akazi sachedwa kuchepa magazi m`thupi, pakati pa amayi apakati magazi m`thupi zambiri muyezo chodabwitsa mu mochedwa siteji ya mimba. Makamaka, ku India, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumalumikizidwanso ndi mfundo yakuti mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe umakwezedwa kukhala malo opatulika, pamene mkaka uli ndi zotsatira zoipa kwambiri pa kuyamwa kwachitsulo, ndipo mkaka wa ng'ombe nthawi zambiri umayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi kwa makanda. monga momwe bungwe la World Health Organization likunenera. . Mulimonsemo, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi n’kofala kwambiri kwa anthu odya zamasamba kuposa odya nyama. Motsutsa! Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wina, kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi kumachuluka pang’ono mwa amayi amene amadya nyama m’mayiko otukuka kusiyana ndi akazi osadya zamasamba. Odya zamasamba omwe amadziwa kuti chitsulo chosakhala cha heme chimatengedwa bwino ndi thupi limodzi ndi vitamini C sakhala ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena chitsulo chifukwa amadya masamba okhala ndi iron (nyemba, mwachitsanzo) kuphatikiza ndi vitamini C (mwachitsanzo. , madzi a lalanje kapena sauerkraut). kabichi), komanso kumwa zakumwa zambiri za tannin zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyamwa kwachitsulo (wakuda, wobiriwira, tiyi woyera, khofi, koko, madzi a makangaza ndi zamkati, etc.). Kuonjezera apo, zakhala zikudziwika kuti chitsulo chochepa chachitsulo m'magazi, koma mwachizoloŵezi, chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa thanzi laumunthu, chifukwa. kuchuluka kwachitsulo chaulere m'magazi ndi malo abwino a ma virus osiyanasiyana, omwe, chifukwa cha izi, amasamutsidwa mwachangu komanso moyenera ndi magazi kupita ku ziwalo zamkati za munthu. 

 

“Chochititsa chachikulu cha imfa pakati pa anthu a kumpoto—kuphatikizapo a Eskimos—sinali matenda wamba, koma njala, matenda (makamaka TB), matenda a parasitic, ndi ngozi. […] Inde, ngakhale titatembenukira ku ma Eskimo otukuka kwambiri aku Canada ndi Greenland, sitipezabe chitsimikiziro chotsimikizirika cha “mlandu” wa zakudya zamwambo za Eskimo.” 

 

Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi kuchenjera komwe wolemba nkhaniyo "Pang'ono ponena za nthano zazamasamba" akuyesera, kumbali imodzi, kuti awononge mlandu wonse pazakudya zamasamba ku India, ndipo kumbali ina, akuyesera. ndi mphamvu zake zonse kulungamitsa kudya nyama kwa Eskimos! Ngakhale ndizofunika kudziwa kuti zakudya za Eskimos ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zakudya za anthu okhala kumwera kwa Arctic Circle. Makamaka, mafuta omwe ali m'thupi la nyama zakutchire amasiyana kwambiri ndi mafuta a nyama zoweta, koma ngakhale izi, matenda amtima pakati pa anthu ang'onoang'ono a kumpoto ndi apamwamba kuposa dziko lonse. Pankhani imeneyi, m'pofunikanso kuganizira zinthu zina zabwino kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi nyengo ya moyo wa anthu a Far North, komanso kusinthika kwa zamoyo zawo, amene kwa zaka zambiri kunachitika ndi chikhalidwe cha zakudya. maukonde amenewo ndipo amasiyana kwambiri ndi chisinthiko cha anthu ena. 

 

"M'malo mwake, chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osteoporosis ndi kudya kwambiri komanso kutsika kwa mapuloteni. Zowonadi, pali maphunziro angapo omwe amatsimikizira zisonyezo zabwino kwambiri za thanzi la mafupa kwa odya zamasamba; komabe, siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa kuti kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nyama muzakudya sikuli kokha - ndipo mwina osati ngakhale chachikulu - chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chitukuko cha osteoporosis chitheke. Ndipo pakadali pano ndikufuna kukukumbutsani kuti odyetsera zamasamba m'maiko otukuka, mwachitsanzo, zomwe, zowona, zokomera moyo wazamasamba zidapezedwa, nthawi zambiri, ndi anthu omwe amawunika thanzi lawo mosamala. Pazifukwa zotani, sikulakwa kuyerekeza momwe amachitira ndi avareji ya dziko.” 

 

Inde Inde! Zolakwika! Ndipo ngati zotsatira za maphunzirowa, zomwe nthawi zina zimavumbula kuwirikiza kawiri kutayika kwa kashiamu m'mafupa a amayi omwe amadya chakudya cham'mawa poyerekeza ndi odya zamasamba, sizinagwirizane ndi odya zamasamba, ndiye kuti izi zikanakhala mkangano wina wotsutsana ndi zakudya zamasamba! 

 

“Magwero aŵiri kaŵirikaŵiri amatchulidwa monga kuchirikiza chiphunzitso chonena za kuvulaza kwa mkaka: kubwerezanso mabuku opangidwa ndi mamembala angapo achangu a PCRM, komanso nkhani yofalitsidwa mu Medical Tribune ndi Dr. W. Beck. Komabe, pakuwunika mozama, zikuwonekera kuti magwero olembedwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "madokotala omwe ali ndi udindo" samapereka zifukwa zawo; ndipo Dr.

 

M'mayiko otukuka, anthu amadwala matenda osteoporosis ngakhale ali ndi zaka 30-40, osati amayi okha! Chifukwa chake, ngati wolembayo akufuna kufotokoza momveka bwino kuti nyama zochepa zomwe zimapezeka muzakudya za anthu aku Africa zimatha kuyambitsa matenda osteoporosis mwa iwo ngati chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo chikuwonjezeka, ndiye kuti sanapambane. 

 

"Kunena za veganism, sizothandiza konse kukhala ndi calcium yokhazikika m'mafupa. […] Kusanthula kwathunthu kwa zolembedwa pankhaniyi kunachitika ku Yunivesite ya Pennsylvania; kutengera zolembedwa zomwe zawunikidwanso, adatsimikiza kuti zamasamba zimachepa kuchepa kwamafuta am'mafupa poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe amadyetsedwa nthawi zonse. ” 

 

Palibe umboni wasayansi wosonyeza kuti zakudya za vegan zimathandizira kuti mafupa azikhala ochepa! Pakufufuza kwina kwakukulu kwa amayi 304 odyetserako zamasamba ndi omnivore, momwe zigawenga za 11 zokha zidatenga nawo mbali, zinapezeka kuti, pafupifupi, amayi odyetserako ziweto anali ndi mafupa ochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi odya zamasamba ndi omnivores. Ngati mlembi wa nkhaniyi anayesadi kutsata mutu womwe adakhudzapo, ndiye kuti anganene kuti sikoyenera kufotokozera zanyama zakutchire potengera kafukufuku wa 11 wa oyimira awo! Kafukufuku wina wa 1989 adapeza kuti mafupa am'mafupa ndi forearm (radius) m'lifupi mwa fupa la amayi omwe ali ndi postmenopausal - 146 omnivores, 128 ovo-lacto-vegetarians, ndi 16 vegans - anali ofanana pa bolodi lonse. magulu onse azaka. 

 

"Pakadali pano, lingaliro lakuti kusapezeka kwa nyama pazakudya kumathandizira kusungitsa thanzi lamalingaliro muukalamba sikunatsimikizidwenso. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi a ku Britain, zakudya zomwe zimadya nsomba zimakhala zothandiza kuti munthu akhale ndi thanzi labwino m'maganizo mwa anthu okalamba - koma kudya zamasamba sikunali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwa odwala omwe anaphunzira. Veganism, kumbali ina, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zowopsa - popeza ndi zakudya zotere, kusowa kwa vitamini B12 m'thupi kumakhala kofala; ndipo zotsatira za kusowa kwa vitamini imeneyi mwatsoka zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la maganizo. " 

 

Palibe umboni wasayansi wosonyeza kuti kusowa kwa B12 ndikofala kwambiri kwa odya nyama kuposa odya nyama! Anthu omwe amadya zakudya zokhala ndi vitamini B12 amatha kukhala ndi vitamini B12 wambiri m'magazi kuposa ena omwe amadya nyama. Nthawi zambiri, mavuto omwe ali ndi B12 amapezeka mwa omwe amadya nyama, ndipo mavutowa amakhudzana ndi zizolowezi zoyipa, moyo wopanda thanzi, zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso kuphwanya kwa B12 resorption, mpaka kutha kwa kaphatikizidwe ka Castle factor, zomwe makonzedwe a vitamini BXNUMX ndizotheka. m'malo okwera kwambiri! 

 

"Pakafukufuku wanga, maphunziro awiri adapezeka kuti, poyang'ana koyamba, amatsimikizira zotsatira zabwino za zakudya zochokera ku zomera pakugwira ntchito kwa ubongo. Komabe, poyang'anitsitsa, zikuwoneka kuti tikukamba za ana oleredwa pa zakudya za macrobiotic - ndipo macrobiotics sikuti nthawi zonse amakhudza zamasamba; njira zofufuzira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito sizinatilole kuti tisakhale ndi chikoka cha maphunziro a makolo pa chitukuko cha ana. 

 

Bodza lina lamkunkhuniza! Malinga ndi lipoti la kafukufuku wa ana asukulu zamasamba ndi zamasamba lofalitsidwa mu 1980, ana onse anali ndi IQ yapakati pa 116, ndipo ngakhale 119 ya ana osadya nyama. Chifukwa chake, zaka zamaganizidwe aana ndi zigawenga zinali patsogolo pazaka zawo zakubadwa ndi miyezi 16,5, ndipo ana onse ophunzitsidwa bwino - ndi miyezi 12,5. Ana onse anali athanzi kotheratu. Phunziroli linaperekedwa makamaka kwa ana okonda zamasamba, omwe mwa iwo anali vegan macrobiota! 

 

"Ndiwonjezera, komabe, kuti mavuto a vegans ang'onoang'ono, mwatsoka, sikuti nthawi zonse amakhala akhanda. Ziyenera kuvomerezedwa kuti mwa ana okulirapo iwo, monga lamulo, amakhala ochepa kwambiri; koma pa. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi ochokera ku Netherlands, mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 10-16, omwe adakulira pazakudya zokhala ndi mbewu, luso lamalingaliro ndi locheperako kuposa ana omwe makolo awo amatsatira malingaliro achikhalidwe pazakudya. 

 

N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti wolembayo sanapereke mndandanda wa magwero ndi mabuku omwe adagwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwa nkhani yake, kotero munthu akhoza kungoganizira kumene adapeza chidziwitso choterocho! N'zochititsa chidwi kuti wolemba anayesa kupanga anzeru zanyama macrobiotes odya nyama ndi kulungamitsa mkulu mlingo wa luntha la ana awa ndi maphunziro a makolo awo, koma nthawi yomweyo anasintha mlandu onse pa zakudya zamasamba za ana ku Holland. 

 

"Zowonadi, pali kusiyana: mapuloteni a nyama nthawi imodzi amakhala ndi ma amino acid 8 okwanira omwe sanapangidwe ndi thupi la munthu ndipo amayenera kudyedwa ndi chakudya. M'mapuloteni ambiri amasamba, ma amino acid ena ofunikira amakhala otsika kwambiri; Choncho, kuonetsetsa kuti amino zidulo wabwinobwino kwa thupi, zomera zosiyanasiyana amino asidi zikuchokera ayenera pamodzi. Kufunika kwa kuthandizira kwa symbiotic intestinal microflora popatsa thupi ma amino acid ofunikira sizinthu zosatsutsika, koma nkhani yongokambirana. ” 

 

Bodza lina kapena nkhani zachikale zosindikizidwanso mopanda nzeru ndi wolemba! Ngakhale simukuganizira za mkaka ndi mazira omwe anthu omwe amadya zamasamba amadya, mutha kunenabe kuti malinga ndi Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) - njira yolondola kwambiri yowerengera phindu lachilengedwe la mapuloteni - mapuloteni a soya ali nawo. mtengo wapamwamba wachilengedwe kuposa nyama. M'mapuloteni a masamba pawokha, pakhoza kukhala kuchepa kwa ma amino acid ena, koma mapuloteni omwe ali muzomera nthawi zambiri amakhala apamwamba kuposa nyama, mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwachilengedwe kwa mapuloteni ena amasamba kumalipidwa ndi kuchuluka kwawo. Kuonjezera apo, zakhala zikudziwika kuti palibe chifukwa chophatikiza mapuloteni osiyanasiyana mkati mwa chakudya chomwecho. Ngakhale anyama omwe amadya pafupifupi magalamu 30-40 a mapuloteni patsiku akupeza ma amino acid ofunikira kuwirikiza kawiri pazakudya zawo monga momwe bungwe la World Health Organisation limalimbikitsa.

 

"Zowona, izi sizongopeka, koma zoona. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zomera zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimalepheretsa chimbudzi cha mapuloteni: awa ndi trypsin inhibitors, phytohemagglutinins, phytates, tannins, ndi zina zotero ... kuchitira umboni ngakhale kukwanira, koma kuchulukira kwa mapuloteni muzakudya zamasamba, kukonza koyenera kwa digestibility kuyenera kupangidwa.

 

Onani pamwamba! Odya zamasamba amadya zomanga thupi za nyama, koma ngakhale zamasamba zimapeza zokwanira ma amino acid ofunika m'zakudya zawo. 

 

“Cholesterol imapangidwadi ndi thupi la munthu; komabe, mwa anthu ambiri, kaphatikizidwe kawo kamene kamakhala ndi 50-80% yokha ya kufunikira kwa thupi pa chinthu ichi. Zotsatira za Kafukufuku wa Vegan waku Germany zimatsimikizira kuti ma vegans ali ndi milingo yotsika kwambiri ya lipoprotein cholesterol (yomwe amatchedwa "cholesterol yabwino") kuposa momwe amafunikira. 

 

OchereIchi ndi chinyengo wolemba, amene ali chete za mfundo yakuti mlingo wa HDL-cholesterol mu zamasamba (osati zamasamba!) Malinga ndi zotsatira za maphunziro ena, anali pang'ono chabe kuposa odya nyama (nsomba- odya), koma akadali abwino. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti mafuta a kolesterolini amatha kukhala ochepa mwa odya nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, wolemba sanatchulepo kuti kuchuluka kwa "zoyipa" za LDL-cholesterol ndi cholesterol chonse mwa odya nyama nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa momwe amadyera komanso odyetsera zamasamba, ndipo nthawi zina kumalire ndi hypercholesterolemia, yomwe asayansi ambiri amakumana nayo. kutanthauza matenda a mtima. matenda a mtima!

 

"Ponena za vitamini D, amapangidwadi ndi thupi la munthu - koma pokhapokha ngati khungu likuwonekera kwambiri ku radiation ya ultraviolet. Komabe, njira ya moyo wa munthu wamakono siimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuyatsa kwakutali kwa malo akuluakulu a khungu; Kutenthedwa kwambiri ndi cheza cha ultraviolet kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha ma neoplasms owopsa, kuphatikizapo owopsa monga melanoma.

 

Kuperewera kwa vitamini D m'zakudya zamasamba, mosiyana ndi zomwe olemba a FAQ, si zachilendo - ngakhale m'mayiko otukuka. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri ochokera ku yunivesite ya Helsinki asonyeza kuti mlingo wa vitaminiyu muzomera umachepetsedwa; kachulukidwe ka mafupa a mafupa awo adatsikanso, zomwe zitha kukhala chifukwa cha hypovitaminosis D. 

 

Pali chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha kusowa kwa vitamini D m'ma vegans aku Britain ndi osadya masamba. Nthawi zina, tikulankhula za kuphwanya kapangidwe ka fupa mwa akulu ndi ana. "

 

Apanso, palibe umboni woonekeratu wosonyeza kuti kusowa kwa vitamini D kumakhala kofala kwambiri m'zamasamba kusiyana ndi odya nyama! Zonse zimadalira moyo ndi zakudya za munthu winawake. Mapeyala, bowa, ndi ma margarine a vegan ali ndi vitamini D, monganso mkaka ndi mazira omwe anthu osadya masamba amadya. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wambiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya, ochuluka kwambiri omwe amadya nyama sanalandire kuchuluka kwa vitaminiyi ndi chakudya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zimagwiranso ntchito kwa odya nyama! M'maola angapo okhala panja padzuwa lachilimwe, thupi limatha kupanga katatu kuchuluka kwa vitamini D komwe munthu amafunikira patsiku. Zowonjezereka zimachulukana bwino m'chiwindi, kotero odya zamasamba ndi zamasamba omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala padzuwa alibe vuto ndi vitaminiyi. Tiyeneranso kuzindikira apa kuti zizindikiro za kusowa kwa vitamini D ndizofala kwambiri kumadera a kumpoto kapena m'mayiko omwe thupi limafunikira kuvala mokwanira, monga m'madera ena a dziko lachisilamu. Choncho, chitsanzo cha zinyama za ku Finnish kapena British sizomwe zimachitika, chifukwa matenda osteoporosis ndi ofala pakati pa anthu a kumpoto, mosasamala kanthu kuti anthuwa ndi odya nyama kapena odya nyama. 

 

Nambala yanthano… musadandaule! 

 

"M'malo mwake, vitamini B12 amapangidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'matumbo a munthu. Koma izi zimachitika m'matumbo akulu - ndiko kuti, pamalo pomwe vitamini iyi silingatengedwenso ndi thupi lathu. Palibe zodabwitsa: mabakiteriya amapanga mitundu yonse ya zinthu zothandiza osati kwa ife, koma kwa iwo okha. Ngati tithabe kupindula nawo - chisangalalo chathu; koma pankhani ya B12, munthu sangathe kupindula kwambiri ndi vitamini wopangidwa ndi mabakiteriya. 

 

Anthu ena mwina ali ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapanga B12 m'matumbo awo aang'ono. Kafukufuku wina wofalitsidwa mu 1980 anatenga zitsanzo za mabakiteriya kuchokera ku jejunum (jejunum) ndi ileum (ileum) ya anthu athanzi aku South Indian, kenako anapitiriza kubereka mabakiteriyawa mu labotale ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa microbiological ndi chromatography, anayesedwa kupanga vitamini B12. . Mabakiteriya angapo apanga zinthu zambiri ngati B12 mu vitro. Zimadziwika kuti Castle factor, yofunikira pakuyamwa kwa vitamini, ili m'matumbo aang'ono. Ngati mabakiteriyawa atulutsanso B12 mkati mwa thupi, vitamini imatha kulowa m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, sizolondola kuti wolemba anene kuti anthu sangalandire vitamini B12 yopangidwa ndi mabakiteriya! Zachidziwikire, gwero lodalirika la vitamini iyi kwa vegans ndi zakudya zokhala ndi mpanda wa B12, koma mukaganizira kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera izi zomwe zimapangidwa komanso kuchuluka kwazakudya zamagulu padziko lonse lapansi, zikuwonekeratu kuti zambiri zowonjezera B12 sizowonjezera. zopangira ma vegans. B12 imapezeka muzakudya zokwanira zamkaka ndi mazira. 

 

"Ngati B12 yopangidwa ndi mabakiteriya a symbiotic a m'matumbo a munthu atha kukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi, ndiye kuti pakati paodya nyama komanso odyetsera zamasamba sipangakhale kuchuluka kwakusowa kwa vitaminiyi. Komabe, kwenikweni, pali ntchito zambiri zotsimikizira kuchepa kwa B12 pakati pa anthu omwe amatsatira mfundo za zakudya zamasamba; mayina a olemba ena mwa mabukuwa anaperekedwa m'nkhani yakuti "Asayansi atsimikizira ...", kapena "pankhani ya maulamuliro a boma" (mwa njira, nkhani ya kukhazikika kwa nyama ku Siberia inkaganiziridwanso kumeneko) . Onani kuti zochitika zoterezi zimawonedwa ngakhale m'mayiko omwe kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini opangira mavitamini kuli ponseponse. 

 

Apanso, bodza lamkunkhuniza! Kuperewera kwa vitamini B12 kumakhala kofala kwambiri pakati pa odya nyama ndipo kumayenderana ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso zizolowezi zoyipa. M'zaka za m'ma 50s, wofufuza adafufuza zifukwa zomwe gulu limodzi la zinyama zaku Iran silinayambe kuchepa kwa B12. Anapeza kuti amalima ndiwo zamasamba pogwiritsa ntchito ndowe za anthu ndipo sanazisambitse bwinobwino, choncho anapeza vitamini imeneyi chifukwa cha “kuipitsidwa” ndi mabakiteriya. Ma vegan omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera mavitamini samavutika ndi kusowa kwa B12! 

 

"Tsopano ndiwonjezera dzina linanso pamndandanda wa olemba ntchito za kusowa kwa B12 kwa anthu odya zamasamba: K. Leitzmann. Pulofesa Leitzmann adakambidwa kale pang'ono: ndi wothandizira kwambiri za veganism, wogwira ntchito wolemekezeka wa European Vegetarian Society. Koma, komabe, katswiriyu, yemwe palibe amene angamunyoze chifukwa chamalingaliro oyipa pazakudya zamasamba, akunenanso kuti pakati pazakudya zamasamba komanso zamasamba omwe akhala ndi nthawi yayitali, kusowa kwa vitamini B12 ndikofala kwambiri kuposa anthu omwe amadya. 

 

Ndikufuna kudziwa komwe Klaus Leitzmann adanena izi! Mwinamwake, zinali za anthu odyetserako zakudya zosaphika omwe sagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera mavitamini ndipo samadya masamba osasamba ndi zipatso za m'munda wawo, koma amagula zakudya zonse m'masitolo. Mulimonsemo, kusowa kwa vitamini B12 sikofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu okonda zamasamba kuposa omwe amadya nyama. 

 

Ndipo nkhani yotsiriza. 

 

"M'malo mwake, mafuta amasamba ali ndi imodzi mwamafuta atatu omega-3 omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu, omwe ndi alpha-linolenic (ALA). Zina ziwiri - eicosapentenoic ndi docosahexaenoic (EPA ndi DHA, motsatira) - zimapezeka muzakudya zokhazokha za nyama; makamaka nsomba. Pali, zachidziwikire, zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi DHA yotalikirana ndi ndere zosadyedwa zazing'ono; komabe, mafuta acids awa sapezeka muzakudya. Kupatulapo ndi ndere zina zodyedwa, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa EPA. Udindo wachilengedwe wa EPA ndi DHA ndi wofunikira kwambiri: ndizofunikira pakumanga bwino komanso kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo lamanjenje, komanso kuti mahomoni azikhala bwino.

 

In fact, the performance of the enzymatic systems that synthesize EPA and DHA from alpha-linolenic acid in the body is not low, but is limited by a number of factors: a high concentration of trans fats, sugar, stress, alcohol, the aging process, as well as various medications, such like aspirin for example. Among other things, the high content of linoleic acid (omega-6) in a vegetarian / vegan diet also inhibits the synthesis of EPA and DHA. What does this mean? And this means that vegetarians and vegans just need to get more alpha-linolenic acid and less linoleic acid from food. How to do it? Use rapeseed or soybean oil in the kitchen, instead of sunflower oil, which is also useful, but not in the quantities that it is usually consumed. In addition, it is advisable to eat a couple of times a week 2-3 tablespoons of linseed, hemp or perilla oil, because these oils have a high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid. These vegetable oils should not be heated too much; they are not suitable for frying! There are also specialty vegan uncured fat margarines with added DHA algae oil, as well as vegan (etari) algae EPA and DHA capsules, similar to omega-3 fish oil capsules. Trans fats are virtually non-existent in the vegan diet, unless of course the vegan eats something fried almost every day and uses regular hardened fat margarine. But the typical meat-eating diet is just chock-full of trans fats compared to the typical vegan diet, and the same can be said for sugar (not fructose, etc.). But fish is not such a good source of EPA and DHA! Only in tuna, the proportion of EPA to DHA is favorable for the human body – approximately 1: 3, while it is necessary to eat fish at least 2 times a week, which few people do at all. There are also special oils based on fish oil, but I am sure that only a few meat eaters use them, especially since they are usually made from salmon, in which the ratio of EPA to DHA is very inappropriate. With strong heating, canning and long-term storage, the structure of these acids is partially destroyed, and they lose their biological value, so most meat-eaters also rely mainly on the synthesis of EPA and DHA in the body itself. The only problem with vegetarian and vegan diets is that they are too high in linoleic acid. However, scientists believe that modern (even omnivorous) nutrition contains alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids in an unfavorable proportion of 1:6 and even 1:45 (in the mother’s milk of some omnivores), i.e. even a meat-eating diet is oversaturated with omega-6s. By the way, there is no data on the possible negative consequences of lower levels of EPA and DHA in the blood and fatty tissues of vegetarians and vegans, if such effects have ever been observed! Summing up all of the above, we can say that a vegetarian diet is in no way inferior to a “mixed” diet, which means that there is no justification for breeding, exploiting and killing animals.  

 

Zothandizira: 

 

 Dr. Gill Langley "Zakudya Zamasamba" (1999) 

 

Alexandra Schek "Nutritional Science Compact" (2009) 

 

Hans-Konrad Biesalski, Peter Grimm "Pocket Atlas Nutrition" (2007) 

 

dr Charles T. Krebs "Zakudya zaubongo wochita bwino kwambiri: zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa" (2004) 

 

Thomas Klein «Kuperewera kwa Vitamini B12: Malingaliro onama ndi zifukwa zenizeni. Upangiri wodzithandizira, machiritso ndi kupewa "(2008) 

 

Iris Berger "Kuperewera kwa Vitamini B12 muzakudya zamasamba: Nthano ndi zenizeni zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi kafukufuku woyeserera" (2009) 

 

Carola Strassner «Kodi odyetsera zaiwisi akudya athanzi? Phunziro la Giessen Raw Food" (1998) 

 

Uffe Ravnskov "Nthano ya Cholesterol: Zolakwa Zazikulu Kwambiri (2008) 

 

 Roman Berger "Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu ya mahomoni a thupi" (2006)

Siyani Mumakonda