Ziwiya zapulasitiki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi kulikonse, ndipo zambiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi kokha. Chaka chilichonse, anthu amataya mabiliyoni a mafoloko apulasitiki, mipeni ndi spoons. Koma monga zinthu zina zapulasitiki monga matumba ndi mabotolo, zodulira zimatha kutenga zaka mazana ambiri kuti ziwonongeke mwachilengedwe.
Gulu lopanda phindu loteteza zachilengedwe la Ocean Conservancy limatchula zida zapulasitiki ngati chimodzi mwazinthu "zakupha kwambiri" akamba am'nyanja, mbalame ndi nyama zoyamwitsa.
Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza zowonjezera zida zapulasitiki - koma sizingatheke. Njira yabwino ndiyo kunyamula zida zanu zomwe mungagwiritsenso ntchito nthawi zonse. Masiku ano, izi zitha kukopa mawonekedwe odabwitsa, koma m'mbuyomu, anthu sakanaganiza zoyenda popanda zida zawozawo! Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zanu sikunali kofunika kokha (pambuyo pa zonse, nthawi zambiri sizinaperekedwe kulikonse), komanso zinathandiza kupewa matenda. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zawo, anthu sakanada nkhawa kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta anthu ena tilowa mu supu yawo. Komanso, kudula, monga wotchi ya m'thumba, kunali chizindikiro cha udindo.
Zodula za anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri zinkapangidwa ndi matabwa kapena mwala. Zida za oimira magulu olemera zinali zopangidwa ndi golidi kapena minyanga ya njovu. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, zida zodulira zinali zopangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosalala, chosachita dzimbiri. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, chinthu china chinawonjezeredwa ku zipangizo zomwe zidapangidwa: pulasitiki.
Poyamba, kudula pulasitiki kunkaonedwa kuti n’koyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma pamene chuma cha pambuyo pa nkhondo chinayamba, zizoloŵezi zoikidwa m’nthaŵi zovuta zankhondo zinazimiririka.
Panalibe kusowa kwa mbale zapulasitiki, kotero kuti anthu ambiri amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Anthu a ku America anali otanganidwa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zapulasitiki. Kukonda mapikiniki aku France kwathandiziranso kukwera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotayira pa tebulo. Mwachitsanzo, Jean-Pierre Vitrak wojambula zithunzi anapanga thireyi yapulasitiki yokhala ndi mphanda, supuni, mpeni ndi kapu. Picnic itangotha, amatha kutayidwa popanda kudandaula za mbale zakuda. Ma seti anali kupezeka mumitundu yowoneka bwino, kukulitsa kutchuka kwawo.
Kuphatikizika kwa zikhalidwe ndi kusavuta kumeneku kwapangitsa makampani ngati Sodexo, bungwe lamayiko osiyanasiyana lomwe lili ku France lomwe limagwira ntchito bwino pazakudya komanso kuthandiza makasitomala, kukumbatira pulasitiki. Masiku ano, Sodexo amagula 44 miliyoni single-ntchito pulasitiki tableware pamwezi mu US yekha. Padziko lonse lapansi, makampani ogulitsa zida zapulasitiki amapanga $2,6 biliyoni kuchokera kwa iwo.
Koma kumasuka kuli ndi mtengo wake. Mofanana ndi zinthu zambiri zapulasitiki, ziwiya zapulasitiki nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'chilengedwe. Malinga ndi bungwe lopanda phindu la zachilengedwe la 5Gyres, lomwe lasonkhanitsidwa panthawi yoyeretsa magombe, pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa pafupipafupi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zida zapulasitiki zili pachisanu ndi chiwiri.
Kuchepetsa zinyalala
Mu Januware 2019, ndege ya Hi Fly inanyamuka ku Lisbon kupita ku Brazil. Monga nthawi zonse, oyang'anira adapereka zakumwa, chakudya ndi zokhwasula-khwasula kwa apaulendo - koma ndegeyo inali ndi mawonekedwe amodzi. Malinga ndi oyendetsa ndege, inali ulendo woyamba padziko lonse lapansi kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi.
Hi Fly yagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina m'malo mwa pulasitiki, kuchokera pamapepala kupita kuzinthu zotayidwa. Zodulazo zidapangidwa kuchokera ku nsungwi zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndipo ndegeyo idakonza zoigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zosachepera 100.
Ndegeyo inanena kuti ndegeyo inali sitepe yoyamba yochotsa mapulasitiki onse ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kumapeto kwa 2019. Ndege zina zakhala zikutsatira, ndi Ethiopian Airlines ikukondwerera Tsiku la Dziko Lapansi mu April ndi ndege yawo yopanda pulasitiki.
Tsoka ilo, mpaka pano, malonda a pulasitikiwa akhalabe otsika chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo komanso nthawi zina zokayikitsa zopindulitsa zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa zomwe zimatchedwa bioplastics zomera zimafuna zinthu zina, ndipo kupanga kwawo kumafuna mphamvu ndi madzi. Koma msika wa zodula zomwe zitha kuwonongeka ndi biodegradable ukukula.
Pang'onopang'ono, dziko limayamba kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri vuto la ziwiya zapulasitiki. Makampani ambiri amapanga zophikira kuchokera kuzinthu za zomera, kuphatikizapo matabwa, monga mitengo yomwe ikukula mofulumira monga nsungwi ndi birch. Ku China, osamalira zachilengedwe akulimbikitsa anthu kuti agwiritse ntchito zomata. Etsy ili ndi gawo lonse loperekedwa ku zodula zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Sodexo yadzipereka kuthetsa matumba apulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi ndi zotengera zakudya za styrofoam, ndipo imangopereka udzu kwa makasitomala ake akapempha.
Pali zinthu zitatu zomwe mungachite kuti muthe kuthana ndi vuto la pulasitiki:
1. Nyamulani zodulira zogwiritsidwanso ntchito.
2. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zodulira zotayira, onetsetsani kuti zapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zowola kapena compostable.
3. Pitani ku malo omwe sagwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zapulasitiki.